U.S. patent number 3,805,723 [Application Number 05/109,288] was granted by the patent office on 1974-04-23 for safety cut-off for propellers.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy. Invention is credited to Henry J. Bernaerts.
United States Patent |
3,805,723 |
Bernaerts |
April 23, 1974 |
SAFETY CUT-OFF FOR PROPELLERS
Abstract
A device to impact on an obstruction and stop a propeller before
its moving lades can impact thereon. The device has extensions
beyond the path of the propeller blades which extensions are
attached to micro switches to cut-off power to the propellers.
Inventors: |
Bernaerts; Henry J. (Amberley,
MD) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary of the Navy (Washington,
DC)
|
Family
ID: |
22326866 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/109,288 |
Filed: |
January 25, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
114/338; 416/32;
416/98; 416/247R; 440/71; 416/61; 416/114; 440/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63H
3/002 (20130101); B63H 1/14 (20130101); B63H
1/20 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B63H
1/00 (20060101); B63H 1/14 (20060101); B63H
1/20 (20060101); B63d 008/08 (); B63h 001/14 ();
B63h 001/20 () |
Field of
Search: |
;115/.5,34R ;114/16R
;416/32,61,247 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Feinberg; Samuel
Assistant Examiner: Webb; Thomas H.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sciascia; R. S. Hodges; Q. E.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A power cut-off device for submerged propellers of waterborne
vehicles, each of the propellers having a rotating hub and blades
thereon, the device comprising:
at least one probe having a first end mounted in the rotating hub
between any two of the blades;
a second end of each probe extending adjacent the propeller, the
second end provided to contact an arc concentric with and of a
greater diameter than the arc of travel of the blades when the
propellers are driven; and
a switch mechanism operatively connected to each probe whereby
impact on the probe will move the probe relative to the switch
thereby actuating the switch to stop the propeller.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the probe has a flat arcuate
shaped blade pivotally and resiliently mounted on the rotating
hub.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein a plurality of the probes support
a ring adjacent the blades.
4. A power cut-off device for submerged propellers of waterborne
vehicles, each of the propellers having a rotating hub and blades
thereon, the device comprising:
at least one probe having a first end mounted on the vehicle;
a second end of each probe extending through an opening in at least
one of the blades, the second end provided to contact an arc
concentric with and of a greater diameter than the arc of travel of
the blades when the propellers are driven; and
a switch mechanism operatively connected to each probe whereby
impact on the probe will move the probe relative to the switch
thereby actuating the switch to stop the propeller.
Description
The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or
for the Government of the United States of America for Governmental
purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or
therefor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The use of submersibles for research and reconnaisance is finding
more widespread use with the development of the Hazelton or tandem
propulsion system. The Hazelton system has a propeller at the fore
and aft end of the hull with the hub being a large annular ring of
the size and contour of the hull. The blades are spaced around the
hub and have variable pitch capabilities. The blades can be pitched
either collectively or cyclically at points around the
circumference. This provides 6.degree. of freedom of motion without
the use of a rudder or other auxiliary thrusters. This capability
lends itself to maneuvering in close quarters and working in
conjunction with divers. While the propellers are relatively slow
moving, 30 to 90 RPM, the propellers must be protected against
impact damage and the divers against injury.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
The recent development of the Hazelton propulsion system has
precluded any protective devices for such propellers. The only
possible protection means would be to adapt the devices used on
conventional screw propellers for use with a Hazelton propeller.
Since the blades of a Hazelton propeller extend beyond the contour
of the hull, around the circumference thereof, the use of skegs,
cages or struts would be prohibitive. Such devices would have to be
extremely large, with respect to hull diameter, and would
consequently produce large drag forces. The size and drag would
make them sonically noisy and thereby easily detected. Such
arrangements are therefore considered wholly unsuitable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Due to the relatively low speeds of the Hazelton propellers they
can be readily stopped within a fraction of a revolution as opposed
to conventional screw propellers with their relative high speeds.
The invention therefore, involves an emergency cut-off utilizing
probes or feelers that extend beyond the arc of the path of the
propeller. These feelers are attached to micro-switches so that
when the feelers strike an object the propeller is stopped. The
feelers can be mounted on the hub or on the hull.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a submersible equipped with the
subject invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of
the subject invention.
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional of a further embodiment of the
subject invention.
FIG. 4 is an end view of a still further modification of the
subject invention installed on a submersible.
FIG. 5 is a side view, with parts in section, for clarity, of the
embodiment of FIG. 4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to FIG. 1, of the drawing, a Hazelton type propeller
10 is shown installed on a submersible 11. The propeller 10 has an
annular hub 12 with a series of controllable pitch blades 14
mounted thereon. In FIG. 2, the blades 14 have an elongated spindle
16 that extends through the hub 12 and is rotatably journalled
therein by a pair of bearings 18. A seal 20 acts between the
spindle 16 and the hub 12 to prevent leakage thereby. A crank 22 is
fixed to the interior end of the spindle 16 to implement the pitch
changing function of the propeller. The broad details of the
Hazelton type propeller have been set forth hereinabove to
illustrate the environment within which the subject invention is to
be used. It is understood that this does not form a part of the
subject invention and greater detail is not therefore required.
The blade 14 and spindle 16 are provided with an opening 24 that
extends therethrough. The opening 24 extends from the interior of
the hull to the tip of each blade 14 to carry a feeler or probe 26.
The probe 26 has a diameter of sufficiently small diameter, with
respect to opening 24, so that there is clearance on all sides
thereof. The probe 26 is attached at its inner end to a
micro-switch assembly 28. The switch assembly 28 is provided with a
resilient boot 36 to seal the entry of the probe thereinto. The
length of the probe 26 is such that when it is mounted in position,
as shown in FIG. 1, the end thereof protrudes a sufficient distance
A, beyond the arc of travel of the blades 14. Due to the rotation
of the entire Hazelton assembly, including the subject invention,
the micro-switch terminals 40 are positioned for wiping
contact.
The operation of the embodiment of FIG. 2 is relatively simple and
straightforward. The probe 26 extends well beyond the arc of travel
of the blades 14. Therefore, collision with an object, whether a
diver or something stationary will occur with the probe 26. The
probe, being mounted within the opening 24 with clearance, will
rock in its mounting thereby actuating the micro-switch 28. The
actuation of the switch can be utilized to shut-off the power to
the propeller 10 or sound an alarm or both. As mentioned
hereinabove, the low RPM of the Hazelton type propeller will permit
stoppage within a fraction of a revolution or before the blades can
be damaged by collision or before a diver can be hurt. For the most
effective protection, a shut-off assembly is mounted on each blade,
while a single installation will provide minimal protection.
Referring, now to FIG. 1, a modification of that shown in FIG. 2,
is shown wherein the probe units are mounted between the blades. As
shown therein, a probe 32 is attached to a micro-switch assembly 34
with a resilient boot 36 to provide a seal therebetween. The
micro-switch assembly 34 is mounted in the hub 12, between blades
14 in a recess 38 with the probe 32 extending outwardly beyond the
arc of travel of the blades 14. The terminals 40 of the switch 34
are extended through to the inner surface of the hub 12 to
facilitate a wiping type of connection of this embodiment is like
that of FIG. 2, in that impact of an object against the probe 32
will move it and actuate the micro-switch 34 thereby stopping the
propeller. It should be noted that this embodiment lends itself to
being mounted on the hull adjacent the propeller. As in the first
embodiment, the greater number of probes used the more complete and
certain the protection against collision.
Referring now to FIG. 3, a further embodiment is shown utilizing a
weather vane type probe assembly 42. The probe assembly 42 includes
a mounting bracket 44 and a pivotal blade 46. The bracket 44 has a
resilient bushing 48 mounted in an opening 50 through the hub 12. A
sleeve bearing 52 is mounted in the bushing 48 to provide a pivotal
mounting for the blade 46.
The blade 46 is arcuate shaped with a shaft 54 mounted at one end
thereof. The shaft 54 is mounted in the sleeve bearing 52 and
extends therethrough. The end of the shaft 54 that extends into the
interior of the hub 12 has a micro-switch assembly 56 mounted
thereon to sense any deflection of the shaft 54 in the resilient
bushing 48. The blade 46 is of sufficient length to extend beyond
the arc of travel of the blades 14, as above.
The operation of the assembly 42 is such that when the propeller is
rotating, whether clockwise or counterclockwise, the blade will act
as a weather vane and orientate itself to curve away from the
direction of rotation thereby reducing drag. This orientation of
the blade 46 occurs since the blade is curved and pivoted at one
end on the shaft 54. When the blade 46 impacts on an object it will
rock within the bushing 48 and activate the micro-switch 56 thereby
stopping the propeller before suffering damage or injuring a diver.
As above, the greater number of assemblies 42 used on a propeller
the more certain the protection. For added convenience, when not
desired or deemed unnecessary, the blade 46 and the shaft 54 can be
pulled out of the bearing 42, to be reinstalled when needed.
Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5, a further embodiment of the
invention is shown utilizing a circular rail assembly 60. The
assembly 60 includes a series of stanchion type probes 62 and an
impact ring 64.
The stanchion probes 62 have a micro-switch assembly 66 that is
mounted in a recess 68 in the hull of the submersible 11, adjacent
the propeller 10. The micro-switch assembly 66 has a probe 70
attached thereinto and extending beyond the arc of travel of the
blades 14 as set forth with respect to FIG. 2, above. A series of
stanchion probes 62, at least three, are mounted around the
circumference of the hull with the impact ring 64 mounted
thereon.
In operation, any impact against the ring 64 or a probe 70 will
move the probe 70 and actuate the micro-switch 66 which signals
therefrom can be used to turn off the propellers.
As is obvious, from the drawings, the assembly 60, lends itself to
being used by divers to intentionally stop the propeller. A diver
can grasp the ring 64 and rock it to actuate the microswitch. Also,
the impact ring assembly 64 could be mounted on probe devices 26
and 32, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively, to rotate with the
propeller and thereby reduce the number of probe units needed to
protect the propeller.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present
invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is
therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended
claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as
specifically described.
* * * * *