U.S. patent number 3,804,098 [Application Number 05/244,841] was granted by the patent office on 1974-04-16 for body implantable lead.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Medronic, Inc.. Invention is credited to Harry G. Friedman.
United States Patent |
3,804,098 |
Friedman |
April 16, 1974 |
BODY IMPLANTABLE LEAD
Abstract
A body-implantable, bipolar lead for insertion in and guidance
through a body vessel to a desired location inside the body. The
lead comprises a pair of electrical conductors adapted to be
connected at their proximal end to a source of electrical energy.
The conductors are substantially covered with a material
substantially inert to body fluids and tissue. Tip and proximal
electrodes spaced from one another are formed as an integral part
of the corresponding conductor by at least a portion of the
conductor projecting radially through the outer surface of the
covering material and being at least partially exposed.
Inventors: |
Friedman; Harry G. (New
Brighton, MN) |
Assignee: |
Medronic, Inc. (Minneapolis,
MN)
|
Family
ID: |
22924334 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/244,841 |
Filed: |
April 17, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
607/122 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61N
1/056 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61N
1/05 (20060101); A61n 001/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/418,404,419P,2.1E,2.6E,407,408,409,410,419C |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Cohen; Lee S.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Rappaport; Irving S. Sivertson;
Wayne A.
Claims
I claim:
1. A body implantable lead which comprises:
at least one electrical conductor means:
means for connecting said electrical conductor means to a source of
electrical energy;
insulating means encapsulating and electrically insulating said
conductor means, said insulating means being of a material which is
substantially inert to body fluids and tissues; and
at least one electrode means partially embedded within the surface
of said insulating means and helically wrapped and electrically
exposed for at least one entire turn around the periphery of said
insulating means for providing an electrical contact at all situs
of said electrode means at the periphery of said insulating means,
said electrode means being unitary with said conductor means, the
terminus of said electrode means being totally embedded within said
insulating means.
2. A body implantable lead which comprises:
a body member having an elongated central portion of substantially
uniform cross section, a connector portion on the proximal end of
said central protion and a tip portion on the distal end of said
central portion, said body member being formed of an electrically
insulating material which is substantially inert to body fluids and
tissues;
first electrical conducting means embedded within said body member
and originating at said body member connector portion for
connection to an external device, said first electrical conductor
means extending from said body member connector portion through
said body member central portion to a point adjacent said body
member tip portion whereat said first electrical conductor means
projects through the surface of the body member central portion and
is wrapped at least once around the periphery of said body member
central portion while being partially embedded within its surface
such that said first electrical conductor means is electrically
exposed only at the location of said wrapping and is so exposed
around the entire periphery of said body member central portion,
the terminus of said first electrical conductor means being totally
embedded within said body member; and
second electrical conductor means embedded within said body member
and electrically insulated from said first electrical conductor
means, said second electrical conductor means originating at said
body member connector portion for connection to an external
electrical device and extending from said body member connector
portion through said body member central portion to a point spaced
from the point at which said first electrical conductor means
projects through the surface of said body member central portion
whereat said second electrical conductor means projects through the
surface of said body member central portion and is wrapped at least
once around the periphery of said body member central portion while
being partially embedded within its surface such that said second
electrical conductor means is electrically exposed only at the
location of said wrapping and is so exposed around the entire
periphery of said body member central portion, the terminus of said
second electrical conductor means being totally embedded within
said body member.
3. The body implantable lead of claim 2 wherein the terminus of
each of said first and second electrical conductor means are
embedded within said body member at a point distal to the point at
which the respective lead projects through the surface of said body
member central portion.
4. The body implantable lead of claim 2 wherein said first and
second electrical conductor means are helically wrapped around the
periphery of said body member central portion in a direction away
from said body member connector portion.
5. A body implantable lead which comprises:
first electrical conductor means;
second electrical conductor means;
means for connecting said first and second conductor means to a
source of electrical energy;
insulating means encapsulating said first and second electrical
conductor means and electrically insulating them from each other,
said insulating means being of a material which is substantially
inert to body fluids and tissues;
first electrode means unitary with said first electrical conductor
means partially embedded within the surface of said insulating
means and helically wrapped and electrically exposed for at least
one entire turn around the periphery of said insulating means for
providing an electrical contact at all situs of said electrode
means at the periphery of said insulating means, the terminus of
said first electrode means being totally embedded within said
insulating means; and
second electrode means unitary with said second electrical
conductor means spaced from said first electrode means and
partially embedded within the surface of said insulating means,
said second electrode means being helically wrapped and
electrically exposed for at least one entire turn around the
periphery of said insulating means for providing an electrical
contact at all situs of said second electrode means at the
periphery of said insulating means, the terminus of said second
electrode means being totally embedded within said insulating
means.
6. The body implantable lead of claim 5 wherein said insulating
means covering said first and second electrical conductor means has
a substantially uniform cross section in the region at which said
first and second electrode means are partially embedded
therein.
7. The body implantable lead of claim 6 wherein the helix formed by
said first and second electrode means extend away from their
respective unitary electrical conductor means.
8. The body implantable lead of claim 7 further comprising means
extending substantially the entire length of said insulating means
for guiding the lead through a body vessel and into a desired
location inside the body, said guiding means including means
encapsulated in said insulating means and defining a lumin
therethrough.
9. The body implantable lead of claim 5 wherein the helix formed by
said first and second electrode means extend away from the
respective unitary electrical conductor means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the field of biomedical devices, various types of implantable
stimulators have come into usage. One such stimulator is the
cardiac pacemaker. These pacemakers generally employ one of two
types of leads--myocardial or endocardial--for delivering the
stimulating pulses from the pulse generator to the patient's heart.
Myocardial leads have electrodes which are secured directly into
cardiac tissue. Endocardial leads are passed intravenously to the
heart and the electrodes are positioned so that the tip electrode
is lodged in the apex of the right ventricle of the heart.
One problem which has existed with endocardial leads is the
relationship of the electrical conductors and the electrodes. In
prior art endocardial leads, the tip and proximal electrodes have
been metal rings which are located on the outside of the inert
material covering the conductors and bonded to the rings by
soldering, welding, adhesive bonding or other bonding techniques.
The difficulty with this is that with the contraction of the heart
the bond between the conductors and electrodes is subjected to
continual stress and thus apt to break. Also the covering material
is apt to be broken by the edges of the rings thereby permitting
body fluids to find their way inside the lead.
The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art
by eliminating the use of metal rings for the tip and proximal
electrodes. Also, the need for a bond between the conductor and the
electrode is eliminated. The problem of leakage of body fluids into
the lead over time is also substantially eliminated. The overall
construction of the lead of the present invention is much more
durable and reliable than those of the prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above advantages, features and objects of the present
invention, as well as others, are accomplished by providing in a
body-implantable, bipolar, endocardial lead comprising a pair of
electrical conductors, means adapted to connect the proximal ends
of the conductors to a source of electrical energy, means for
permitting the lead to be inserted in and guided through a body
vessel to a desired location inside the body, means for
substantially covering the conductors with a material substantially
inert to body fluids and tissue, and tip and proximal electrodes
spaced from one another and connected to the distal ends of the
corresponding conductors, the improvement being the formation of
the tip and proximal electrodes as an integral part of the
corresponding conductor by at least a portion of the conductor
projecting through the outer surface of the covering means and
being at least partially exposed to thereby form the tip and
proximal electrodes respectively. In the preferred embodiment the
exposed portion of each conductor is wrapped at least one turn
around the covering means.
Other advantages, features and objects of the present invention
will hereinafter become more fully apparent from the following
description of the drawing, which illustrates a preferred
embodiment of the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The FIGURE shows a lead in accordance with the present
invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The FIGURE shows a body-implantable, bipolar, endocardial lead 10.
Lead 10 comprises a pair of electrical conductors 12 and 14
embedded in a covering 16. Conductors 12 and 14 may, for example,
be of the configuration and construction of the lead described in
U.S. Pat. No. 3,572,344. However, it should be understood that any
conductor configuration and construction compatible with body
fluids and tissue may be used in the present invention. Covering 16
is made of a material which is substantially inert to body fluids
and tissue, such as, for example, silicone rubber. Covering 16 is
split into two legs 18 and 20 near the proximal end of lead 10.
Conductors 12 and 14 are connected to metal connectors 22 and 24
respectively which connectors are adapted to be connected to a
source of electrical energy such as a pulse generator of a cardiac
pacemaker. Conductors 12 and 14 and connectors 22 and 24 are made
of materials which are substantially inert to body fluids and
tissue and may, for example, be platinum or a platinum iridium
alloy.
Also embedded in the covering 16 and extending from the juncture of
legs 18 and 20 to close to the distal end of lead 10 is a closely
wound helical coil spring 26 which is open at its proximal end 28
and crimped at its distal end 30. Spring 26 defines a lumen into
which a stylet (not shown) may be inserted. Insertion of a stylet
makes lead 10 sufficiently rigid so that it may be inserted in and
guided through a body vessel to a desired location inside the body.
Once lead 10 is in its desired location inside the body, the stylet
may be withdrawn.
Located at the distal end of lead 10 are a pair of spaced
electrodes 34 and 36. Electrode 34 is the tip electrode and is
formed as an integral part of conductor 12. Tip electrode 34 is
formed by conductor 12 projecting through the outer surface of
covering 16 at point 38 and being closely wrapped in a helical
configuration away from electrode 36 for several turns about
covering 16. The turns of electrode 34 are terminated with the
distal end of conductor 12 being embedded in covering 16. The turns
of electrode 34 are partially embedded in covering 16 so as to help
maintain the turns in fixed position and prevent them from moving.
Electrode 36 is the proximal electrode and is formed as an integral
part of conductor 14. Proximal electrode 36 is formed by conductor
14 projecting through the outer surface of covering 16 at point 40
and being closely wrapped in a helical configuration toward
electrode 34 for several turns about covering 16. The turns of
electrode 36 are terminated with the distal end of conductor 14
being embedded in covering 16. The turns of electrode 36 are
partially embedded in covering 16 so as to help maintain the turns
in fixed position and prevent them from moving.
When lead 10 is used as an endocardial lead for a pacemaker system,
lead 10 is inserted transvenously and electrode 34 is wedged in the
apex of the right ventricle. Although lead 10 has been described
for use in conjunction with a cardiac pacemaker system, it should
be understood that lead 10 may be used in other intravascular
applications, such as, for example, as a lead for a cardioversion
or defibrillation system.
Although lead 10 has been shown and described as a bipolar lead, it
could also have only one electrode for use with a monopolar system.
Also, although the tip and proximal electrodes 34 and 36 have been
shown in a wrapped configuration around covering material 16, they
could assume other configurations. An example of another
configuration would be to have the electrodes just sections of
conductors 12 and 14 partially embedded in and partially exposed
along a section of covering material 16.
It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing disclosure
relates to only a preferred embodiment of the invention and that
numerous modifications or alterations may be made therein without
departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth
in the appended claims.
* * * * *