U.S. patent number 3,800,015 [Application Number 05/254,954] was granted by the patent office on 1974-03-26 for method of forming a block to be used in the construction of a wall.
Invention is credited to Melvin H. Sachs.
United States Patent |
3,800,015 |
Sachs |
March 26, 1974 |
METHOD OF FORMING A BLOCK TO BE USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A
WALL
Abstract
A method of forming a wall comprising preforming thin, rigid
sheets with furring strips secured to their inner faces, then
making building blocks by molding foamed plastic between the inner
faces of a spaced pair of such sheets so that the sheets are bonded
to and the furring strips are embedded within and bonded to the
plastic, and including forming vertically extending holes through
the plastic material and a horizontally extending channel along the
upper edge of the plastic between the sheets. Next, stacking the
blocks in courses to form a wall, with their vertical openings
aligned with and their channels covered by the blocks next above
them, and pouring concrete slurry into the openings and channels to
form a concrete supporting grid within the wall. Thereafter,
applying attachments to such sheets by means of mechanical
fasteners engaged with said strips.
Inventors: |
Sachs; Melvin H. (Birmingham,
MI) |
Family
ID: |
22966221 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/254,954 |
Filed: |
May 19, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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21981 |
Mar 23, 1970 |
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732973 |
May 29, 1968 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
264/46.5;
52/309.12; 52/309.5; 249/125; 249/172; 425/817R |
Current CPC
Class: |
B29C
44/324 (20130101); E04B 2/26 (20130101); E04C
1/40 (20130101); E04B 2002/0206 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B29C
44/32 (20060101); B29C 44/00 (20060101); E04C
1/00 (20060101); E04B 2/14 (20060101); E04C
1/40 (20060101); E04B 2/26 (20060101); E04B
2/02 (20060101); B29d 027/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;264/45 ;52/309
;161/159-161 ;156/77-79 ;249/125,172 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Spe Journal May 1958 pages 31-33.
|
Primary Examiner: Murtagh; John E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cullen, Settle, Sloman &
Cantor
Parent Case Text
PRIOR APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.
21,981, filed Mar. 23, 1970 and abandoned application Ser. No.
732,973, filed May 29, 1968.
Claims
1. A method for forming wall blocks comprising: preforming thin,
rigid sheets, such as of thick, stiff cardboard, wallboard, plywood
and the like, to the size and shape of the opposed major, vertical
faces of a wall forming block;
fastening along the length of the horizontal edges of at least one
of the thin, rigid sheets, a relatively long and narrow, rigid
furring strip;
vertically positioning a pair of the sheets with attached furring
strips within a mold in spaced, face to face, parallel
relationship, whereby the furring strips reinforce and stiffen the
vertically positioned sheets during molding and the sheets
simultaneously pre-position and hold the strips in predetermined
position during molding so that the sheets are maintained
relatively flat and the strips are simultaneously embedded within
and bonded to the molding material;
covering the outward, horizontal faces of the furring strips with a
mold portion to shield said face from the molding material to
thereby produce an exposed furring face, whereby the exposed face
in the finished product enables the furring strip to act as a load
bearing element;
closing the end gaps defined by the spaced sheets with portions of
the mold;
molding a foam plastic material in place in between the spaced
sheets, and thereby bonding the foam material to the sheets and
attached furring strips to form a composite block; and
during the molding step, forming within the foam inner layer
vertical openings extending the length of the component block.
2. The method of forming wall blocks defined in claim 1, further
including the step of covering a portion of the inward face of at
least some of the furring strips with a mold component to shield
that portion of the inward face from molding material to define a
further exposed, load bearing surface on the furring strip.
Description
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
The invention herein relates to improvements in a method of making
foamed plastic building blocks and walls of the type shown, for
example, in the patent to Moog, U.S. Pat. No. 3,410,044 of Nov. 12,
1968. Such type building blocks are laid in courses in a manner
similarly to laying up a wall of concrete blocks. Concrete is
poured into openings formed through the blocks, so that the blocks
also act as a form.
Such prior foamed plastic blocks are relatively difficult and
expensive to manufacture, are fragile and easily broken during
handling and assembly operations, and the wall surface formed
thereby is generally incapable of supporting wall attachments such
as covering sheets, dry wall, plywood and the like, or electrical
outlet boxes, medicine cabinets, cupboards, window frames, etc.,
due to the fact that mechanical fasteners, such as nails or screws,
will not anchor into the foam plastic.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
The invention herein relates to forming foamed plastic blocks out
of a pair of pre-formed stiff, rigid sheets between which foamed
plastic is molded to bond to the sheets and produce a composite
block. The sheets are preformed with furring strips secured to
their inner faces so that these strips embed into and are bonded to
the plastic. The plastic body of each block is formed with a
channel along its upper edge and vertical openings extending
completely through the block so that upon assembly of a wall from
such blocks, the channels in one block are closed by the lower edge
of the block above it and concrete slurry poured into the channels
and holes will solidify to form a cross-hatch type concrete grid
within the wall.
The stiff, rigid sheets position and hold the furring strips in
predetermined locations during the plastic molding, while
simultaneously, the strips reinforce and stiffen the sheets both
during molding as well as during pouring of the concrete into the
wall. The furring strips also provide anchor points and load
distribution means for supporting additional items to be fastened
to the wall, such as dry wall finishing panels, electrical boxes,
cupboards, etc.
Since the rigid sheets function as mold walls within which the
plastic core or body of the block is molded, with the sheets then
becoming integrated into the block as part of the composite
lamination, the block molding process is considerably simplified,
thus reducing costs. The finished block is lightweight, strong and
not easily damageable. Thus, it may be made in large sizes, as for
example, 6 feet by 3 feet in face dimension, therby reducing time
and labor in forming a complete wall.
These and other objects and advantages of this invention will
become apparent upon reading the following description, of which
the attached drawings form a part.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a block, with a portion of one of
its face sheets cut away for illustrative purposes.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged, fragmentary, cross-sectional perspective
view showing a joint between two blocks.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a block, and
FIG. 4 is an elevational view, partially in cross-section, of the
block.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken in the direction of arrows
5--5 of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is an end view taken in the direction of arrows 6--6 of FIG.
4.
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a portion of a
wall.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a preformed sheet.
FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 8 but showing a modified form of
sheet.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a mold within which a block is
formed.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional end view of the lower portion of the
mold when opened.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the closed mold.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 illustrates the relatively large size wall forming block 10,
which may be, for example, 6 feet long by 3 feet high and about 10
inches thick or deep. The size and shape may vary considerably, but
the construction described below, lends itself to the manufacture
of blocks of a considerably greater size than conventional building
blocks.
The block 10 is formed of a pair of preformed rigid sheets 11 made,
for example, of stiff or rigid cardboard, either of single
thickness or laminated double-faced corrugated cardboard, particle
board, composition board, so-called "Masonite," plywood, aggregate
covered board formed of stiff substrate coated with aggregate or
stone and a binder, etc. These sheets may be relatively thick, such
as on the order of one-eighth to one-quarter inch in thickness,
more or less, so that they are stiff, self-sustaining and
relatively rigid.
After the sheets are cut to size, a number of wood furring strips
are secured to their inner faces, the strips being formed of
conventional wood furring strip materials. Preferably, at least
three strips are provided for each sheet, namely, an upper strip
12, a middle strip 13 and a lower strip 14, with the strips all
being parallel, running horizontally and with the upper and lower
strips preferably at the upper and lower edges of the sheet. For
various specific purposes, the strips may be otherwise arranged
upon the sheet and may be formed of different materials, such as
metal. These strips may be fastened to the sheets by staples 15 or
similar mechanical fasteners.
The block body portion 16 is formed of a foamed plastic material,
such as a low density urethane or polystyrene or the like, molded
and foamed in place between the two sheets 11 to form the composite
block structure.
The upper edge of the plastic block body 16 is provided with a
horizontally extending channel or groove whose upwardly open top
will later be covered by the lower edge of the block next above it
after the blocks are laid up into a wall. In addition, enlarged
veritcal openings 18 extend completely through the block body.
A tongue 19 and a groove 20 are formed on the two opposite vertical
ends of the block for interlocking with corresponding portions on
adjacent blocks.
To form a building wall, the blocks are laid in courses,
interlocked end to end and stacked one above the other. As
illustrated in FIG. 2, the lower furring strips 14 of one block
rests upon the upper furring strips 12 of the block beneath it so
that these strips cooperate to form hardened, load bearing and load
transmission rails or block body corners, in addition to
functioning as furring strips.
After the blocks have been laid into the wall formation,
conventional metal reinforcing rods 21 may be positioned through
the aligned vertical openings of the blocks and also through the
block upper edge grooves and thereafter concrete slurry may be
poured into the openings to fill the openings and grooves.
The solidified concrete forms an internal grid 22 formed of
vertical columns 23 and horizontal connectors 24, within the wall
for supporting loads applied to the wall. Thus, the blocks function
as forms for the pouring of the concrete. The plastic block
material surrounding the poured concrete sections tends to keep the
moisture in so that the concrete cures towards its maximum strength
far more rapidly than is the case in conventional pouring of
concrete.
Upon completion, the wall becomes a load bearing wall capable of
supporting substantial loads, at the same time also giving the
appearance and structure of a conventional wall, but with
substantially increased insulation qualities.
Recesses or openings 25 may be cut into the sheets 11 and adjacent
plastic body portions to receive various wall attachments, such as
electrical outlet boxes, cabinets and cupboards and the like.
Likewise, grooves 26 may be cut into the block surface for
electrical wiring, etc. By way of example, FIG. 7 illustrates an
electrical outlet box or junction box 27 mounted within a recess 25
cut in the wall surface, with electrical wiring 28 laid in a groove
26 so that the wiring is below the plane of the wall surface. The
box may be secured to its adjacent furring strip 13 with nails or
screws.
The wall surfaces may then be finished by applying wet plaster or
stucco or the like. More typically, it may be finished by applying
wall board or dry wall panels 30 fastened by nails 31 driven into
the furring strips. The furring strips may be easily located behind
the sheets 11 by observing the staples 15.
FIG. 9 illustrates a modified form of sheet 11a which is similar to
the sheet 11 illustrated in FIG. 8, except that vertical furring
strips 32 are provided. In addition, central frame strips 33 are
secured to the sheet, with the sheet material between the strips 33
cut out at 34 to provide an opening which may be made of a size to
accommodate a window frame, a medicine cabinet or the like. This
illustrates that the furring strips and other similar strips may be
attached to the panel 11 in various patterns for specific
purposes.
METHOD OF FORMING BLOCKS
FIGS. 10-12 illustrate a mold suitable for making the above
described blocks. The method in summary, is first preforming the
sheets by cutting them to size and then applying the furring strips
as described above. Thereafter, a pair of sheets are arranged
parallel and spaced apart and the foam plastic material is molded
between the sheets to join them together and to bond the sheets and
plastic integrally.
During the molding process, the sheets preposition the furring
strips in their predetermined locations and simultaneously, the
furring strips stiffen or further rigidify the sheets and by
embedding in the plastic, further lock the plastic and sheets
together.
The mold 35, is formed in a box-like shape, with side walls 36, end
walls 37, a base 38 and hinges 40 connecting the walls to the base.
The walls may be swung open by suitable means, as for example, by
connecting piston rods 41 to them, with the rods moved and arranged
within conventional hydraulically operated cylinders 42 which are
connected by brackets 43 to a floor support.
The mold cover 44 includes a channel forming portion 45 and
depending forms 46 for molding the vertical openings within the
plastic. The mold cover may be raised and lowered by a suitable
hydraulic piston rod and cylinder mechanism 47.
As illustrated in FIG. 11, the mold side walls 36 are provided with
upper and lower lips 49 so that preformed sheets 11 may be arranged
against the inside surfaces of the walls 36, between the lips 49.
Thereafter, the mold is closed by swinging the walls into the box
forming position. After the cover of the mold is lowered, as
illustrated in FIG. 12, the foamable plastic material may be
inserted into the cavity and permitted to foam and cure into the
shape of the block body portion.
EXAMPLE OF MOLDING
While the specific composition of the plastic and of the rigid
outer sheet materials may vary, thereby varying molding conditions,
an example of forming the foregoing block is as follows:
Starting with a sheet material formed of corrugated, double-faced
cardboard of about 1/8 inches thick and furring strips made of fir
or whitepine or the like, which is about 5/8 .times. 11/2 inches in
cross-sectional dimension, and polyurethane plastic formable, with
the addition of an appropriate foaming agent, to about a nominal
1.8 lbs per cubic foot density.
First, the wood strips are fastened to the sheets, with
conventional heavy duty staples, after the sheets have been precut
to size. The sheets are then inserted into the mold, that is, laid
up against the side walls of the mold.
The foamable urethane plastic is added to the mold and the mold
closed as illustrated in FIG. 12. The mold is heated to a
temperature of approximately 135.degree. F. The plastic is molded,
i.e., foamed in place, for roughly ten minutes, at which time the
molding is complete. The plastic bonds to the sheets and furring
strips forming an integrated structure.
The foamed plastic resulting from the molding may be roughly about
two pounds per cubic foot.
Having fully described an operative embodiment of this invention, I
now claim:
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