U.S. patent number 3,793,723 [Application Number 05/204,632] was granted by the patent office on 1974-02-26 for ultrasonic replaceable shaving head and razor.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ultrasonic Systems, Inc.. Invention is credited to Lewis Balamuth, Anthony P. Farina, Arthur Kuris.
United States Patent |
3,793,723 |
Kuris , et al. |
February 26, 1974 |
ULTRASONIC REPLACEABLE SHAVING HEAD AND RAZOR
Abstract
A shaving head for use, in combination with a handle containing
an ultrasonic motor, said head including a blade disposed therein
and mounted therein in a manner to be ultransonically vibrated with
the head detachably and rigidly coupled to the ultrasonic
motor.
Inventors: |
Kuris; Arthur (Riverdale,
NY), Balamuth; Lewis (New York, NY), Farina; Anthony
P. (Centereach, NY) |
Assignee: |
Ultrasonic Systems, Inc.
(Farmingdale, NJ)
|
Family
ID: |
22758743 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/204,632 |
Filed: |
December 3, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
30/45; D28/49;
310/323.18 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B06B
3/00 (20130101); B26B 21/38 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B26B
21/38 (20060101); B06B 3/00 (20060101); B26B
21/08 (20060101); H01v 007/00 (); B26b
021/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;30/45,272A
;310/8.2,8.3 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Simpson; Othell M.
Assistant Examiner: Smith; Gary L.
Claims
We claim that:
1. A readily replaceable shaving head for use with an ultrasonic
driving member that generates ultrasonic vibrations in a shaving
implement comprising:
A. a blade,
B. a body portion capable of supporting ultrasonic vibrations and
adapted to be set into vibration in a given direction at ultrasonic
frequencies by the driving member, said body portion adapted for
receiving an end of said blade,
C. means coupling the vibration induced in said body portion to
said blade end in said body portion for transmission of ultrasonic
vibrations from the supported end of the blade in said body
portion, wherein ultrasonic vibratory motion is imparted to the
blade edge, and wherein said blade is angularly disposed with
respect to the direction of vibration in said base portion so that
flexural vibrations are induced in said blade edge, and
D. means for securing said body portion to the driving member to
transmit the ultrasonic vibrations thereto.
2. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 1, wherein said
coupling means includes a fusion at the surfaces of said blade and
body portion.
3. A readily replaceable shaving head for use with an ultrasonic
driving member that generates ultrasonic vibrations in a shaving
implement comprising:
A. a blade,
B. a body portion capable of supporting ultrasonic vibrations and
adapted to be set into vibration in a given direction at ultrasonic
frequencies by the driving member, said body portion being provided
with an opening receiving an end of said blade, and
C. means coupling the vibration induced in said body portion to
said blade end in said opening for transmission of ultrasonic
vibrations from the supported end of the blade in said body
portion, wherein ultrasonic vibratory motion is imparted to the
blade edge, wherein said coupling means is comprised of a bonding
agent contained within said opening.
4. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 3, wherein the
bonding agent terminates substantially flush with the surface of
said body portion from which the blade extends.
5. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 3, wherein said
bonding agent in surrounding relation to the blade forms a recessed
area, said area being below the surface of said base portion.
6. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 3, wherein the
bonding agent between said blade and opening is formed having a
contoured surface, said contoured surface being concave in
form.
7. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 1, wherein said
body is of a metallic material.
8. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 1, wherein said
body is of a plastic material.
9. A readily replaceable shaving head for use with an ultrasonic
driving member that generates ultrasonic vibrations in a shaving
implement comprising:
A. a blade,
B. a body portion capable of supporting ultrasonic vibrations and
adapted to be set into vibration in a given direction at ultrasonic
frequencies by the driving member, said body portion being provided
with an opening receiving an end of said blade, and
C. means coupling the vibration induced in said body portion to
said blade end in said opening for transmission of ultrasonic
vibrations from the supported end of the blade in said body portion
for imparting ultrasonic vibratory motion to the blade edge, and
wherein said blade is angularly disposed with respect to the
direction of vibration in said base portion so that flexural
vibrations are induced in said blade edge.
10. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 9, wherein said
angle between the surface of the blade and said direction of said
vibration is up to 90 degrees.
11. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 10, wherein said
angle is approximately 30 degrees.
12. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 10, wherein said
angle is approximately 45 degrees.
13. A readily replaceable shaving head for use with an ultrasonic
driving member that generates ultrasonic vibrations in a shaving
implement comprising:
A. blades,
B. a body portion capable of supporting ultrasonic vibrations and
adapted to be set into vibration in a given direction at ultrasonic
frequencies by the driving member, said body portion being provided
with an opening receiving an end of each of said blades, wherein
said body portion has two blades mounted therein, and
C. means coupling the vibration induced in said body portion to
said blade ends in said opening for transmission of ultrasonic
vibrations from the supported end of the blades in said body
portion, wherein ultrasonic vibratory motion is imparted to the
blade edges.
14. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 13, wherein the
free ends of the blades are of various lengths.
15. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 13, wherein said
blades are each of a different thickness.
16. A readily replaceable shaving head for use with an ultrasonic
driving member that generates ultrasonic vibrations in a shaving
implement comprising:
A. blades,
B. a body portion capable of supporting ultrasonic vibrations and
adapted to be set into vibration in a given direction at ultrasonic
frequencies by the driving member, said body portion being provided
with an opening receiving an end of each of said blades, wherein
said body portion has three blades mounted therein, and
C. means coupling the vibration induced in said body portion to
said blade ends in said opening for transmission of ultrasonic
vibrations from the supported end of the blades in said body
portion, wherein ultrasonic vibratory motion is imparted to the
blade edges.
17. A readily replaceable shaving head for use with an ultrasonic
driving member that generates ultrasonic vibrations in a shaving
implement comprising:
A. a blade,
B. a body portion capable of supporting ultrasonic vibrations and
adapted to be set into vibration in a given direction at ultrasonic
frequencies by the driving member, said body portion being provided
with an opening receiving an end of said blade, and
C. means coupling the vibration induced in said body portion to
said blade end in said opening for transmission of ultrasonic
vibrations from the supported end of the blade in said body
portion, wherein ultrasonic vibratory motion is imparted to the
blade edge, and at the frequency of vibration the blade is of a
length and thickness calculated to vibrate flexurally for
transmission of vibratory energy at its free edge.
18. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 1, wherein the
free edge of the blade is flexurally vibrated when said shaving
head has vibrations imparted thereto in the frequency range of
5,000 c.p.s. to 1,000,000 c.p.s.
19. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 1, wherein said
exposed length of said blade extending from said body portion is in
the range of approximately .005 inch to 0.50 inch.
20. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 1, wherein said
blade is of a thickness in the range of substantially from 0.001
inch to 0.10 inch.
21. A readily replaceable shaving head for use with an ultrasonic
driving member that generates ultrasonic vibrations in a shaving
implement comprising:
A. a blade,
B. a body portion capable of supporting ultrasonic vibrations and
adapted to be set into vibration in a given direction at ultrasonic
frequencies by the driving member, said body portion adapted for
receiving an end of said blade,
C. means coupling the vibration induced in said body portion to
said blade end in said body portion for transmission of ultrasonic
vibrations from the supported end of the blade in said body portion
for imparting ultrasonic vibratory motion to the blade edge, and
wherein said blade is angularly disposed with respect to the
direction of vibration in said base portion so that flexural
vibrations are induced in said blade edge, and
D. means for securing said body portion to the driving member, said
securing means including a threadably engageable portion adapted to
mate with a complementary threadable engageable portion on the
driving member.
22. A readily replaceable shaving head for use with an ultrasonic
driving member that generates ultrasonic vibrations in a shaving
implement comprising:
A. a blade,
B. a body portion capable of supporting ultrasonic vibrations and
adapted to be set into vibration in a given direction at ultrasonic
frequencies by the driving member, said body portion being provided
with an opening receiving an end of said blade, wherein the free
end of the body portion adjacent said blade defines a chamber
adapted for containing a fluid therein and subjected to high
frequency vibrations, and
C. means coupling the vibration induced in said body portion to
said blade end in said opening for transmission of ultrasonic
vibrations from the supported end of the blade in said body
portion, wherein ultrasonic vibratory motion is imparted to the
blade edge.
23. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 1, further
comprising gripping means contained on said body portion to permit
the user to manually couple said shaving head to the driving
member.
24. A readily replaceable shaving head for use with an ultrasonic
driving member that generates ultrasonic vibrations in a shaving
implement comprising:
A. a blade,
B. a body portion capable of supporting ultrasonic vibrations and
adapted to be set into vibration in a given direction at ultrasonic
frequencies by the driving member, said body portion being provided
with an opening receiving an end of said blade,
C. means coupling the vibration in said body portion to said blade
end in said opening for transmission of ultrasonic vibrations from
the supported end of the blade in said body portion, wherein
ultrasonic vibratory motion is imparted to the blade edge, and
D. means for acoustically insulating the body portion of said
shaving head wherein the vibratory motion remains isolated therein
and is not transmitted.
25. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 24, wherein said
means for acoustically insulating the body portion includes
vibratory absorbent material that substantially covers the body
portion with a layer of material that presents a smooth textured
surface.
26. A readily replaceable shaving head for use with an ultrasonic
driving member that generates ultrasonic vibrations in a shaving
implement comprising:
A. a blade,
B. a body portion capable of supporting ultrasonic vibrations and
adapted to be set into vibration in a given direction at ultrasonic
frequencies by the driving member, said body portion being provided
with an opening receiving an end of said blade, and wherein said
body portion includes:
a. a base portion,
b. a neck portion connected with said base portion at one end
thereof,
c. an elongated head portion extending transversely to the vertical
axis of said base portion and connected with the opposite end of
said neck portion and having a lower guard and upper guard in
spaced relation to each other, and an opening for receiving an end
of said blade contained within said head section and the blade edge
extending between said guards, and
C. means coupling the vibration induced in said body portion to
said blade end in said opening for transmission of ultrasonic
vibrations from the supported end of the blade in said body
portion, wherein ultrasonic vibratory motion is imparted to the
blade edge.
27. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 26, wherein said
head portion along the horizontal plane thereof has channels
extending therein providing vertical ribs for the transmission of
the vibrational energy therethrough.
28. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 26, wherein said
head section along the horizontal plane thereof has a chamber
formed behind said blade.
29. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 26, wherein said
neck portion has a substantially vertical front wall extending from
the base portion to said head portion and an upwardly and inwardly
tapering rear wall extending from said base section to said
elongated head portion.
30. A readily replaceable shaving head for use with an ultrasonic
driving member that generates ultrasonic vibrations in a shaving
implement, comprising:
A. a blade having a cutting edge at one end thereof and a thickness
in the range of 0.001 inch to 0.10 inch,
B. a body portion capable of supporting ultrasonic vibrations and
adapted to be set into vibration in a given direction at ultrasonic
frequencies by the driving member, said body portion including:
a. a base portion,
b. a neck portion connected with said base portion at one end
thereof,
c. an elongated head portion extending transversely to the vertical
axis of said base portion and connected with the opposite end of
said neck portion and having a lower guard and upper guard in
spaced relation to each other, and an opening for receiving an end
of said blade contained within said head section and the blade edge
extending between said guards,
C. means coupling the vibration induced in said body portion to
said blade end in said opening for transmission of ultrasonic
vibrations from the supported end of the blade in said body
portion, wherein ultrasonic vibratory motion is imparted to the
blade edge, said blade is angularly disposed with respect to the
direction of vibration in said base portion so that flexural
vibrations are induced in said blade edge, and
D. means securing said body portion to the driving member, said
securing means including a threadably engageable portion adapted to
mate with a complementary threadably engageable portion on the
driving member.
31. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 30, wherein said
coupling means includes a fusion at the surfaces of said blade and
body portion.
32. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 30, wherein said
coupling means is comprised of a bonding agent contained within
said opening.
33. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 30, wherein said
body is of a metallic material.
34. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 30, wherein said
body is of a plastic material.
35. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 30, wherein said
exposed length of said blade extending from said body portion is in
the range of approximately 0.005 inch to 0.50 inch.
36. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 30, further
comprising gripping means contained on said body portion to permit
the user to manually couple said shaving head to the driving
member.
37. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 30, further
including means for acoustically insulating the body portion of
said shaving head wherein the vibratory motion remains isolated
therein and is not transmitted.
38. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 30, wherein said
blade is of a thickness in the range of substantially from 0.001
inch to 0.10 inch.
39. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 38, wherein at
the frequency of vibration the blade is of a length and thickness
calculated to vibrate flexurally for transmission of vibratory
energy at its free end.
40. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 39, wherein the
free edge of the blade is flexurally vibrated when said shaving
head has vibrations imparted thereto in the frequency range of
5,000 c.p.s. to 1,000,000 c.p.s.
41. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 40, wherein said
vibrations are in the range of 16,000 c.p.s. to 100,000 c.p.s.
42. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 30, wherein said
head section along the horizontal plane thereof has a chamber
formed behind said blade.
43. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 30, wherein said
neck portion has a substantially vertical front wall extending from
the base portion to said head portion and an upwardly and inwardly
tapering rear wall extending from said base section to said
elongated head portion.
44. A readibly replaceable shaving head as in claim 30, wherein
said vibrations are of a magnitude to produce peak accelerations at
said blade edge of at least 1,000g.
45. A readibly replaceable shaving head as in claim 30, wherein
said vibrations are in in the range of 16,000 c.p.s. to 100,000
c.p.s.
46. An ultrasonic razor, comprising
A. motor means adapted to be held in the hand for generating
mechanical vibrations at an ultrasonic rate,
B. a readily replaceable shaving head including:
a. a blade having a cutting edge at one end thereof and a thickness
in the range of 0.001 inch to 0.10 inch, and
b. a body portion capable of supporting ultrasonic vibrations and
adapted to be set into vibration in a given direction at ultrasonic
frequencies by the driving member, said body portion being provided
with a head portion having an opening for receiving an end of said
blade, a neck portion coupled to said head portion at one end
thereof and a base portion coupled to the opposite end of said neck
portion, and
C. means coupling the vibration induced in said body portion to
said blade end in said opening for transmission of ultrasonic
vibrations from the supported end of the blade in said body
portion, wherein ultrasonic vibratory motion is imparted to the
blade edge, said blade is angularly disposed with respect to the
direction of vibration in said base portion so that flexural
vibrations are induced in said blade, and
D. means for securing said body portion to the driving member, said
securing means including a threadably engageable portion adapted to
mate with a complementary threadably engageable portion on the
driving member.
47. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 46, a converter
connected to said motor means for powering same.
48. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 46, wherein said
coupling means includes a fusion at the surfaces of said blade and
body portion.
49. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 46, wherein said
coupling means is comprised of a bonding agent contained within
said opening.
50. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 49, wherein said
bonding agent has a thickness on each side of the blade in a range
of 0.0005 inch to 0.060 inch.
51. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 46, wherein said
body is of a metallic material.
52. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 46, wherein said
body is of a plastic material.
53. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 46, wherein said
exposed length of said blade extending from said body portion is in
the range of approximately .040 inch to 0.20 inch.
54. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 46, wherein said
blade is angularly disposed with respect to the direction of
vibration in said base portion so that flexural vibrations are
induced in said blade.
55. A readily replaceable shaving head as in claim 46, further
comprising gripping means contained on said body portion to permit
the user to manually couple said shaving head to the driving
member.
56. A readibly replaceable shaving head as in claim 46, wherein
said vibrations are in the frequency range of 15,000 c.p.s. to
500,000 c.p.s.
57. A readibly replaceable shaving head as in claim 56, wherein
said vibrations are in the range of 15,000 c.p.s. to 100,000
c.p.s.
58. A readibly replaceable shaving head as in claim 46, wherein
said vibrations are of a magnitude to produce peak accelerations at
said blade edge of at least 1,000g.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The field of the present invention is that of safety razors, and,
more particularly, that of a replaceable shaving head suitable for
an ultrasonic electric razor.
The field of the invention is also that of razor blade head adapted
to be held in a handle or other manipulating means, which when
assembled with ultrasonic means, forms a razor unit.
More particularly, the field of the invention is that of safety
razors and safety razor blade assembly in which the assembly
includes a single or double edge blade, and in which the sharpened
edge is exposed with the unsharpened edge contained in the housing
units made according to the present invention are easily fastened
to a razor handle to form an ultrasonic razor unit, and are
manufactured economically so that the units may be thrown away
after use.
The use of ultrasonic energy has been proposed for shaving in which
a razor blade is ultrasonically vibrated for engagement with and
cutting the hairs in a "wet" type shaving instrument as exemplified
in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,509,626 and 3,610,080, the latter patent is
assigned to the assignee of the present invention and one of the
present inventors is the inventor thereof.
The inventors of the present invention have now discovered that a
disposable or replaceable shaving head may be used in an ultrasonic
razor to enhance its effectiveness in various ways as hereinafter
explained in detail.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
An object of this invention to provide a readily replaceable novel
shaving head which shall be particularly adapted to be driven in
the ultrasonic frequency range for regular personal hygienic care
to remove hair from the body in shaving.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel
shaving head which is coupled to an ultrasonic vibratory hand-held
instrument and capable of withstanding use for prolonged periods of
time without the blade element of the head fatiguing.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic
head having a base with a blade secured thereto and which blade
vibrates at substantially the same frequency of vibration as the
base for comparatively long periods of time without fatiguing.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel head
for use with a shaving implement that is readily replaceable.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a shaving
head having a body with a blade extending therefrom which is
designed to flexurally vibrate at its free end.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic
shaving head in which the blade extending from the body projects
outwardly to engage the skin.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
These and other objects of the invention which will become
hereafter apparent are achieved by a readily replaceable shaving
head of an acoustically unitary construction having a body portion
adapted to be connected to an ultrasonically vibrated driving
member or ultrasonic motor that may be hand-held and the shaving
base is fixed to said driving member substantially in the region of
high frequency vibration, for example, at or near a loop of
longitudinal, torsional, or radial vibration. In this manner the
blade holder is vibrated at a frequency and amplitude which
substantially corresponds to the frequency and amplitude of
vibrations of the driving member to which said body is secured. The
means for coupling the blade or other shaving elements to the head
portion, as well as the length diameter and composition of the body
member all play an interrelated role on the fatigue life of the
blade.
The shaving head acts as a wave guide to distribute the vibrational
energy in a pre-determined fashion to the blade element contained
within the unitary construction. To accomplish this task the
shaving head is designed to comply with certain acoustical design
principles requiring the application of acoustic wave guide
characteristics.
The construction of the shaving head is such that the total
acoustical system constituting said razor with respect to its
longitudinal dimensions is at least a 180.degree. shift in phase
from the blade output section to the razor free end or the
razor.
In the illustrated preferred embodiments of the invention, as will
be hereafter more fully described, coupling means are provided to
firmly secure one end of the blade to the head of the body whereby
vibratory motion is imparted to the blade. To receive the blade a
groove or channel which extends substantially across the face
surface of the head is provided for receiving an end of the blade.
A bonding agent in the form of an epoxy cement couples the base of
the blade so that a proper transmission of the high frequency
mechanical vibrations induced in the base is transmitted to the
blade while maintaining a flexural component of motion.
A feature of the invention resides in the arrangement of the
bonding agent within the aperture in surrounding relation to the
terminal end of the blade so that a maximum amount of energy is
transmitted with a minimal loss in the form of heat to the blade.
In one form of coupling a recessed area between the blade and
aperture exists. The recessed area is provided with gradually
tapering upwardly formed surface which merges with the face of the
head from which the blade extends. It is believed that the curved
sloping form of the bonding agent, generally having a given radius
tends to control the movement of the blade when it is in contact
with the skin whereby the stress at the juncture of base and blade
is maintained at a minimum. Thus, the form of the bonding agent
acts to limit the movement of the blade at its free end, thereby
maintaining the juncture of blade and bonding agent within a
defined stress limit.
Another feature of the invention resides in the provision of means
for acoustically insulating the base of the head when used as a
part of a shaving implement. This acoustically insulating layer may
be of closed cell rubber or other vibratory absorbing material for
it minimizes any audible sounds that are produced at or in the
vicinity of the head and would normally be transmitted
therethrough. The layer of acoustically insulating material may be
coated with a smooth textured material which may be of a variety of
colors and generally of a thermoplastic material for identification
purposes as well as additional insulation.
Still another feature of the present invention is the arrangement
and interrelationship of blade to obtain maximum shaving.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Although the characteristic features of this invention will be
particularly pointed out in the claims, the invention itself, and
the manner in which it may be made and used, may be better
understood by referring to the following description taken in
connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof,
wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the
several views and in which:
FIG. 1, is a perspectivew of an ultrasonic shaving unit in
accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2, is a front view of the ultrasonic shaving unit in
accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3, is a side view of the ultrasonic shaving unit in accordance
with the present invention;
FIG. 4, is an enlarged front plan view of the shaving head of the
present invention;
FIG. 5, is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 5--5 of FIG.
2;
FIG. 6, is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 6--6 of FIG.
2;
FIG. 7, is an enlarged end view taken along line 7--7 of FIG.2;
FIG. 8, is an enlarged sectional view corresponding to a portion of
FIG. 5 illustrating the position of the blade within the body
portion with coupling means for securing it thereto;
FIGS. 9 and 10 are views similar to that of FIG. 8 but illustrating
the manner in which the coupling means in the form of a bonding
agent may vary in configuration in accordance with this
invention;
FIG. 11, is a view similar to FIG. 8 illustrating another form of
coupling means;
FIG. 12, is a view similar to FIG. 1 illustrating another form of
the present invention;
FIG. 13, is a partial enlarged view in cross-section of the
assembled shaving head;
FIGS.14,15, 15A and 16A are enlarged fragmentary sections helpful
in explaining the operation of the present invention;
FIGS. 16 and 17 are partial views of shaving heads showing
different angular positions of the blade therein;
FIG. 18, is an enlarged plan view of a shaving head having two
blades;
FIG. 19, is a sectional view taken along line 19--19 of FIG.18;
FIG. 20, is an enlarged plan view of a shaving head embodiment
having three blades, gripping means, and also being acoustically
insulated;
FIG. 21, is a sectional view taken along line 21--21 of FIG.20;
FIG. 22, is a partial bottom view of the shaving head of FIG.
20.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Turning now to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, there is illustrated a shaving
unit 10, which will be described in greater detail hereinafter, and
for present purposes it is sufficient to indicate that it includes
an instrument means or handle means 12 adapted to be held by the
user in a conventional manner, with a detachable shaving head or
assembly 11 containing a member or blade 13 to be ultrasonically
vibrated and mounted therein. Extending from one end thereof is
supply means 14 which supplies to the instrument means 12, power
from generator or power means 15 having an electrical cord 16
connected to a plug 18 adapted to be plugged into a standard
electrical outlet, i.e., 60 cycles per second. Switching means 20
on the generator 15 includes a switch 22 for providing power for
energizing the ultrasonic transducer or motor 25 contained within
the instrument casing or housing means 26 of the hand held
instrument 12. The energy from the generator 15 is transmitted to
the ultrasonic motor by wires 23 and 24 extending through the
flexible conduit 28 of the supply means 14. The power transmitted
by the generator 15 to the instrument 12 may be varied by control
knob 29 extending beyond the front panel 30 of the cabinet 32. The
power control knob 29 is adjusted by the user of the unit to adjust
to his hair growth or beard and particular needs. For example, if
the individual has a light beard or hair growth than a lower power
setting might be selected, and if it is a heavy beard or hair
growth then a larger power setting may be selected. Obviously, the
unit 10 is for use by both males and females.
The complete assembly for use in the home includes the generating
means 15, for example, a transistorized oscillator capable of
producing electrical oscillation at a frequency in the ultrasonic
range, defined herein to include vibrations in the range of 5,000
to 1,000,000 cycles per second, but generally between 16,000 and
100,000 cycles per second. Various types of such oscillators are
known and it is not believed necessary to describe the details
herein. In practice, the generator 15 may be as small as 1 or 4
watts and generally in the range of 1 to 10 watts, and is
preferably of the solid state type. Although the oscillation
generator 15 may be manually tuned to the resonant frequency of the
mechanically vibrating unit, it is desired to employ an oscillation
generator, as described above, which automatically adjusts to the
resonant frequency by reason of the changes occuring in the latter
as the shaving member 13 is driven and engages the hairs of the
human being shaved. Such changes in the resonant frequency of the
mechanically vibrating unit occur by reason of the fact that the
natural frequency of the blade 13 will vary with the load placed
upon it which might be water, shaving cream or physical engagement
with hairs.
The ultrasonic energy available at the cutting edge 50 of the blade
13 provides several beneficial results. It has been found that, by
reason of the vibrations at the cutting edge 50, which vibrations
may be in a substantially vertical plane, that is, in a plane
perpendicular to the plane of the cutting edge 50, the resistance
of the blade member 13 across the skin surface is very
substantially reduced. The friction reduction effects and the
cutting ease may be obtained by the vibrations having an
elliptical, orbital, longitudinal or flexural component of motion
at the cutting edge 50. A possible explanation of this observed
phenomenon is that the extremely high acceleration of the cutting
edge 50 of shaving member 13 resulting from the vibrations causes
only a relatively small sliding friction to be present between the
engaged skin surface and the shaving member 13. Thus, even though
the shaving member 13 is essentially stationary with no gross
movement the acceleration forces not only reduce the friction but
successively subject the hair portions extending from the skin to
the cutting action of the cutting edge at a repetition rate of from
5,000 to 1,000,000 times per second and thus provide a continuous
severing of the hairs at or adjacent to the surface of the
skin.
The frequency of the vibrations at the free end portion of blade
member 13 may be in the range from 5,000 cycles per second to
1,000,000 cycles per second, and preferably in the range from 16 to
100 kilocycles per second, while the amplitude of the vibrations is
selected within the range from approximately 0.0001 to 0.025 inch
so as to ensure the introduction of vibratory energy sufficient to
perform the cutting of the hair particles and maintain the friction
reduction qualities.
Thus, the vibratory energy applied at a suitable frequency, to the
blade produces vibratory motion of the molecular structure of such
blade so that the surface of blade 13 is continuously maintained at
a state of motion relative to the surface of the skin, whereby the
frictional resistance of movement of the shaving member 13 to the
surface is determined by the kinetic coefficient of friction
therebetween rather than by the substantially larger static
coefficient of friction between the material of the shaving member
13 and the skin. The ultrasonic shaving instrument 10 also permits
a closer shave to be obtained due to the inherent characteristics
of a vibratory member which when vibrated in the ultrasonic
frequency range as herein defined will vibrate with an acceleration
of at least 1,000g's such that the time of contact between the
cutting edge 50 and the surface of the skin is minimal even when a
static force is applied by the user aginst the skin. As seen in
FIG. 5 the blade 13 at the cutting edge 50 has a flexural component
of motion indicated by the double headed arrow 55.
FIG. 4 shows a front view of the removable shaving head 11 and FIG.
5 is an enlarged view of the front end of the handle means 12
having mounted therein the ultrasonic motor 25 which includes a
transmission member 35 having a rear end 36 and front end 38 in
axial spaced relation to each other. The ultrasonic motor 25
includes a transducer 40 extending in telescopic relation to the
axial bore 42 of the housing means 26.
The transducer 40 may be one of a variety of electromechanical
types, such as electrodynamic, piezoelectric and magnetostrictive.
The transducer in the ultrasonic motor 25 is longitudinally
dimensioned so as to have lengths which are whole multiples of
half-wavelengths of the compressional waves established therein at
the frequency of the alternating current supplied so that
longitudinal motion as indicated by arrow 65, occur substantially
at the end 38 of the motor 25.
The transmission member 35 may be of circular cross-section having
an outer diameter 44 adapted to extend within the bore 42 with
supporting means 45 extending between the transmission member 35
and housing means 26 which may be in the form of one or more spaced
apart o-rings 46 such that the vibratory energy obtained therein is
not transmitted to the housing wall 48 and in turn the instrument
12 when held by the user. By this means, longitudinal vibrations in
the transmission or connecting body 36 may be transmitted unimpeded
to the shaving head 11 and in turn the blade 13 and consequently to
the edge 50 thereof. One or more peripheral grooves 52 is provided
on section 35 that may be near the nodal point of the transducer
for the o-ring 46 which extends within the accommodating recess 54
provided in the inner wall surface 42 of the walls 48. Due to the
poor sonic transmission qualities of the resilient o-ring which may
be made of rubber, and its location there is negligible energy
coupling to the housing means 26 and the acoustic element 25 is
acoustically isolated from the instrument.
The transmission member 35 may have a front end portion 56
terminating in the rear end 36. The front end 56 is illustrated as
having a reduced cross sectional area, which may be circular, as
defined by the axial wall 60 which extends through the opening 62
at the front end 64 of the housing wall 48. The opening 62 may have
a smaller diameter than the cavity 42. The transmission member 35
may have various shapes from its front end 38 to its rear end 36
and made from a plastic, metallic or other material capable of
transmitting ultrasonic vibrations and may also act as an
acoustical impedance transformer to increase the amplitude of
mechanical vibration from the rear surface 36 to the front surface
38 as is well known in the art. The housing means 26 may also be
made of a plastic or metallic material.
The shaving head or assembly 11 includes a body portion or section
66 capable of supporting ultrasonic vibrations with securing means
70 to connect the shaving head 11 to the ultrasonic motor 25 and a
blade 13 that is positioned in a plane having an acute angle to the
general direction of vibration as indicated by the double headed
arrow 65. The blade 13 is joined to the body portion 66 as by
coupling means 75, as seen in FIG. 8. With further reference to
FIGS. 5 through 7, it will be seen that the body portion 66 is
comprised of a base portion or rear section 68 that may have a
cross-sectional area to coincide at its input surface or bottom 69
with the front end 38 of the motor 25, and with a tapered neck
section 72 terminating in an elongated head section 74. The body
portion 66 is generally formed from a solid piece of material,
generally from a plastic or metallic material, capable of
supporting ultrasonic vibrations. The junction between each section
may be by a radius or taper and the blade 13 provided with beveled
edges 77 as seen in FIG. 4.
The base section 68 has associated therewith the securing means 70
between the shaving head 11 and motor 25 which may be of various
configurations with the primary intent to transmit the vibrational
energy and permit the user to quickly and easily engage and
disengage the shaving head 11 from its assembled relation with the
motor 25. As illustrated a threaded stud 76 extends beyond the
front end 38 and is adapted to mate with a thread portion 78
provided for in the rear end 69 of the base portion 68 along the
vertical axis thereof. It is appreciated that other forms of
securing means may be provided to retain the shaving head in its
required position.
The base section 68 has an outer peripheral surface 71, that may be
circular as illustrated, or rectangular or other shape. In order to
maintain the shaving head at a minimum weight and obtain maximum
vibrational motion at the blade edge 50 the neck section 72 has a
contoured rear surface 80, with a substantially vertical front wall
81 and spaced apart side walls 82 that each blend with the head
section 74 at one end thereof and with the body portion 66 at their
opposite end. The neck portion 72 may have a rectangular, circular
or other cross-section.
The head section 74 is comprised on its front end or face of a
lower guard or guide 84 extending the width of the shaving head 74
with a contoured outer rim 86 merging with a horizontal channel or
opening 85 merging therewith and a top front section 88. The
angular relationship between the blade 13 which is mounted within
the tip front section 88 and the guard edge 86 is explained with
reference to FIGS. 14 and 15. The groove or opening 85 has a bottom
wall 90 that merges with the outer rim 86, a rear wall 92 that may
be vertical or rearwardly inclined and a top or upper wall 94
connected together and the latter terminating at the face or
forehead 95 of the top front section 88. The head section 74 has a
curved or tapered rear wall 96 that extends from the neck wall 80
to the top wall or surface 98 is spaced apart from the wall 94 in
the groove 85.
Horizontal channels 100 may be provided in spaced relation to each
other through the wall portion to leave remaining ribs 102 in a
substantially horizontal plane as seen in FIG. 4 with the
vibrational energy coupled through the ribs 102. The blade 13 is
angularly disposed with respect to the vertical axis of the motor
25 and mounted within the head section 74, in a manner to obtain
the necessary flexural component of vibration therein. The wall 92
within the chamber 85 may be in parallel spaced relation to the
rear head wall 96 or at some other angular relationship as
selected.
Accordingly, the electric shaver shown in FIGS. 1-7 is composed of
a transducer element 40, preferably piezoelectric, which is bonded
to a transmission member, 35, which is threaded so as to permit the
removable attachment of the blade holder transmission element 11.
The blade holder element 11 is so shaped as to incorporate a razor
edge 13 with the guards 86 and 87 such that this assembly has a
geometry for comfortable non-vibrating wet shaving, while at the
same time the transducer, through the transmission line 35 and body
portion 66 causes the blade's edge 50 to perform in part, a
substantial flutter motion at a preselected ultrasonic frequency.
As is illustrated provision can easily be made in the design of the
disposable blade holder head so as to incorporate a multiplicity of
blades if desired. Additionally the whole assembly may be designed
to operate automatically from an automatic frequency controlled
converter at resonant frequency for which the change of phase of
longitudinal vibration is 180.degree.. At the same time as above
indicated the longitudinal vibrations originating in the transducer
40, undergoes a relatively complex mode conversion in the shaver
head 11. The mode conversion is accomplished in part by so forming
the throat section 72, which fans out to support the blade 13 (or
blades) so that shear or bending vibrations are stimulated.
When the disposable head 11 is made of a plastic (a polycarbonate
compound such as Lexan for example), the the distance D may itself
be sufficient to cause phase shifts of 180.degree. or more in said
distance D. This is true because a plastic such as polycarbonate
has a speed of elastic longitudinal vibrations which is about one
tenth the speed of sound in a metal such as steel or dural. At 50
KHz, a 180.degree. phase shift in a thin bar of polycarbonate will
take place in about a quarter inch compared with two inches for
steel. This low speed of sound in polycarbonate provides the
unexpected advantage of causing the removable plastic head, holding
the blade, to vibrate at resonance in a higher harmonic than the
fundamental for the complex bending modes which are possible. In
consequence, it is readily possible to produce a relatively uniform
response along the blade edge, where the flutter component is
needed to realize the benefits of ultrasonic shaving. Nevertheless,
even when the blade holding head is made of a metal such as dural,
it has been found quite possible to obtain suitable flutter motions
along the entire blade edge. In any event, it should be clear, that
although the final design is essentially very simple, nevertheless
the ultrasonic electric shaver disclosed herein operates
satisfactorily due to the cooperation of a number of factors,
including ultrasonic motion design consideration, which are
compatible with small size hand held razor design which
incorporates sound mechanical and in part wet shaving design
elements. It is only as a result of this unique combination of
factors that it has been possible to create the extremely simple
ultrasonic razor herein disclosed.
As illustrated in FIG. 8, which is an enlarged view illustrating
the relationship between the blade 13 and the blade seat or
aperture 104 provided in the top front section 88 extending
inwardly from the wall 94. Coupling means 75 as seen in FIG. 8, is
such that the blade 13 has a terminal end 105 that may engage the
back surface 106. The blade aperture 104 has spaced apart walls 108
and 110 in spaced relation to each other, as for example parallel
to each other, that is of a greater width than the thickness of the
blade 13 between the opposing surfaces 112 and 114. The blade 13 is
shown angularly disposed with respect to the direction of vibration
indicated by the double headed arrow 65 so that the flexural
vibrations are induced in said free end 50. The extent to which the
blade 13 is sloped may vary and it has generally been found that an
angle of from 15.degree. to 90.degree. with the extended line of
vibratory motion is most satisfactory. The blade 13 is embedded or
cast within the bonding agent 115 to guarantee a sufficient
coupling of the vibratory energy. A depth of insertion within the
bonding agent may be in the range of 0.02 to 0.50 inch for blades
ranging in thickness from 0.001 to 0.10. For the mounting
arrangement as seen in FIG. 8 the blade thickness that has been
used is 0.003 inches and the depth of insertion within the epoxy
material is 0.050 inches to obtain the flexural component of motion
as illustrated by the phantom lines on FIG. 8. It is essential that
the bonding agent for coupling the vibrations in said head portion
88 to said blade 13 substantially occupies the entire area defined
by the aperture 104 to properly transmit the vibrations. As seen in
FIG. 8 this is accomplished by the bonding agent entirely occupying
the aperture 104 and firmly supporting the terminal end 105 of the
blade 13. The bonding agent 105 terminates substantially flush with
the surface 94 of the head portion 88 from which the blade 13
extends.
FIG. 9 is essentially as shown in FIG. 8 except that the coupling
means 75a consists of a bonding agent 115a in surrounding
relationship to the blade 13a that terminates in a raised portion
116a which is substantially above the face surface 94a of said head
portion 74a from which the blade 13a extends. The thickness of the
bonding agent may be in the range of 0.0005 to 0.060 inch.
Although the bonding agent has been illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9,
as being substantially flush with or terminating in a raised
portion with respect to the face surface of the blade head, it is
also possible for the blade to terminate in a pre-determined
configuration as illustrated in FIG. 10.
As illustrated in FIG. 10, the configuration is essentially one in
which in the coupling means 75b there is a depressed area 118b in
surrounding relation to the terminal end 105b of the blade 13b.
This depressed area is preferably below the front surface 94b of
said head portion 74b and is one having a convex surface 120b
terminating near the terminal end 105b of the blade 135.
Essentially this convex surface should minimize the stress
concentration during the flexural movement of the free end of the
blade when the latter is in contact with the skin. The contoured
surface 120b, which may have a definite radius, may limit the
movements of the blade element 13b.
FIG. 11 illustrates a form of coupling means 75c which permits
vibrational energy of a pre-determined fashion to be transmitted to
the blade 13c. The shaving body portion 66c may be of a
thermoplastic material as is bonded or secured to the surface
irregularities 122c when the head portion 74a is formed. This for
example can take place when the blade 13c is positioned and held in
place and the body portion 66c injection molded in place
therearound. In this manner an intimate bond is obtained to retain
the blade in fixed position and simultaneously permit the
transmission of the mechanical vibrations therethrough.
FIG. 12 illustrates a shaving unit 10d including instrument means
12d with a detachable shaving head or assembly 11d containing a
blade 13d that as seen in FIG. 13 has an angle with respect to the
vertical plane of the shaving head 11d defined by the arrow
indicated by numeral 126d. This angle may range from 15.degree. to
90.degree.. The supply means 14d is connected to the instrument
means 12d and includes a converter contained therein. The supply
means 14d is adapted to be plugged directly within an electrical
wall outlet as by prongs 124d. The cable 28d connects the
instrument means 12d to the power supply means 14d. In this
embodiment the converter is preferably of a fixed power setting
such that the user merely has to plug the power supply means 14d
into an electrical outlet.
As seen in FIG. 13 the shaving head 11d may be made up of two
sections joined together with the blade 13d contained therein in a
manner described with respect to FIGS. 8-11. As seen a portion of
the head section 74d has a cap portion 125d secured thereto such
that a channel does not have to be formed on the head section. In
this embodiment both the cap 125d and head portion may be of a
plastic material and the head portion formed with pins 128d
extending therefrom and through openings 129d in the blade 13d such
that the pins 128d extend through the cap 125d and headed over
therein to form a secure coupling between the related parts so that
the mechanical vibratory energy is transmitted therethrough.
Let us briefly consider the blade-guard geometry which is the
relationship of the cutting edge of the blade to the upper and
lower guards. If the lower guard has a curved profile, then the
angle that the upper guard makes with its own axis determines a
line which coincides with the upper guard profile and is tangent to
the profile of the lower guard. For example, see FIG. 14.
A suitable geometry would be to create a profile Q'RNQP' which can
be realized very simply by any precision means. Thus, our blade
geometry set-up would be as shown in FIG. 15. If the blade length
O'P = L.sub.b is selected, then certain relations are inherent to
this geometry. If we measure the segment of the upper guard from
the back edge of the blade we have
L.sub.ug = upper guard segment = OO' = L.sub.b - Q'P
q'p = (oq'/tan Q) = (.epsilon. + .delta./2)/(tan .theta.)
L.sub.lg = lower guard segment = O'Q = L.sub.b + d + MP'
mp' = (.delta./2 tan .theta.)
L.sub.ug = L.sub.b - (2.epsilon.+.delta.)/(2 tan .theta.)
L.sub.lg = L.sub.b + d + .delta./(2 tan .theta.)
These relations are based on the blade edge P being colinear with O
and Q so that OPQ forms a straight line as does P'PO. Now in
shaving, the surface OPP'Q is pressed flat against the skin, and
the tendency to shave off skin peaks is determined by the gap, PP'.
Thus, it is readily seen that the blade guard geometry may be
varied so as to open the gap PP' by removing any or all of the
shaded area Q'RNQP' shown in FIG. 14.
Furthermore, the extent to which the blade edge, P, protrudes
beyond the line OPP'Q (or OQ) may be varied by increasing the blade
free length, l, by a determinate amount. The thickness t and b
should be selected as thin as possible and still allow precision
geometry. For a titanium blade-guard, for instance, the thickness
might be one-sixteenth inch for each guard section. This gives a
total guard plus blade thickness of .delta. + 1/8 inch. The reason
for the profile at O is to permit the blade to vibrate without
causing too much heat at the guardblade contact area. This is also
the case for the MP'Q surface. Let us consider the range of fan
geometry. FIGS. 16 and 17 show variations of fan geometry. It is
clear that practically all angles can be produced.
The term fan geometry has been used as well as blade geometry. This
term, fan geometry, is a dynamic concept of the inventors
considered to be useful in visualizing the appearance in time of
the blade edge's movement. When shaving, the blade edge is drawn
along the surface of the skin at some shaving speed, which we will
call Vs. At the same time the blade edge will have a vibration
stroke s (as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16), having a significant
flutter component, and this stroke will vary periodically from a
negative maximum value to a positive maximum value and will pass
through a zero value when the blade is at either end of its
vibratory stroke. For example, if, referring to FIG. 16, we imagine
a shaving speed Vs of 4 inches per second, and a stroke s of 0.001
inch at 30 kilocycles per second, then we can visualize the
geometry of the blade edge relative to the shaving surface in
relation to time. In one thousandth of a second the blade moves a
distance 0.004 inch over the skin, and while doing this the blade
performs thirty complete to and fro oscillations. Thus the velocity
vector of the blade edge which combines at each instant the shaving
velocity, Vs with the blade vibration velocity, V, will describe a
fan like motion such as is shown in FIG. 16A. For each blade
vibration stroke and blade frequency as well as with different
shaving speeds it is evident that in each case a different fan
shaped velocity vibration will be obtained. For the case taken the
maximum vibration speed is given by the formula.
Max. vibration speed =.pi.fs f = frequency of blade vibration
.apprxeq.94 in/sec. s = stroke
So, it is evident that the shaving speed is generally very small
compared with the peak or maximum vibration speed. This means one
can design the shaving head angles by using chiefly the peak
vibration velocity of the blade's vibration rather than the
vibration speed. For example, a preferred fan geometry in shaving
would be as shown in FIG. 15A, wherein the vibration direction of
the blade edge and the blade guard geometry of FIG. 15 are designed
so that the said vibration direction is substantially parallel to
the skin surface. This provides smooth efficient hair cutting
action, while enjoying the benefits of the blade's flutter
component of motion as disclosed heretofore.
Now that we have provided an insight into blade-guard and fan
geometry, we should have a guide in getting approximate values of
resonance frequencies of a clamped-free bar, (the vibrating blade).
From Rayleigh's Theory of Sound (Vol. I P. 274) we get a simple
formula for the fundamental frequency of vibration of a bar of
rectangular cross-section to be:
(Steel) (clamped-free) fundamental frequency = 84,590 t/l.sup.2
where l is the length of the bar and t is the thickness, t and l
are to be taken in centimeters.
This equation is for steel, for which the speed of longitudinal
waves was taken as C=5237.times.10.sup.2 cm/sec. For another
material we get the frequency from (clamped-free) fundamental
frequency = C .times. (84,590/5,237) .times. 10.sup.2 t/l.sup.2
where C is speed of longitudinal waves in the new medium, or if we
use 10.sup.3 ips as our C-unit we have f.sub.o = (clamped/free)
fundamental freq. = C.sub.1 /(C steel) .times. 84,590 t/l.sup.2, t
and l in centimeters.
The next higher resonant frequency is 2.648 f.sub.o = f.sub.1
The second overtone is 4.133 f.sub.o = f.sub.2
The third overtone is 5.104 f.sub.o = f.sub.3
The fourth overtone is 5.829 f.sub.o = f.sub.4
Rayleigh also gives the relative distances of the nodes of
vibration from the free end for a clamped-free bar.
for f.sub.1 the x/l value from the free end is .2261
for f.sub.2 the x/l value from the free end is (.1321 (.4999
for f.sub.3 the x/l value from the free end is (.0944 (.3588
(.6439
Thus, there is sufficient analytical data from Rayleigh to get
information about the lateral vibration of the razor.
The above calculations neglect the rotary inertia of the blade
during vibration. This is true as long as K.sup.2 /l.sup.2 is small
compared with unity, where K is the radius of gyration of the
cross-section about an axis through the center of rotation of the
cross-section and parallel to the plane of vibration. For a
rectangular rod K.sup.2 = 1/12 t.sup.2 and so:
K.sup.2 /l.sup.2 = (1/12) (t.sup.2 /l.sup.2)
The correction to frequency is
(corrected freq.) 1 - 2.32 (K.sup.2 /l.sup.2) for the fundamental
f.sub.o
Thus, if we wish to vibrate the blade at a certain frequency, we
may do so by using the calculated data to determine blade-guard
relationships and fan geometry.
However, it is evident for blades of thickness t in the range of
0.001 inch to 0.005 inch and of free length l, say, 0.050 inch,
that (t/l) is in the order of 1 percent in the largest case and so
(K.sup.2 /L.sup.2) is of the order of 0.1 percent, which is
sufficiently small to justify neglect of the rotary inertia of the
blade during vibration. Accordingly, the free length of the blade
may be in the range of 0.005 inch to 0.50 inch but preferably in
the range of 0.040 inch to 0.20 inch.
Reference to FIGS. 14, 15, 16, 17 suffice to show the general
geometrical disposition of the blade element to the vibratory guard
system in which it is located rigidly. For purposes of
understanding the nature of the dynamic vibratory response of the
blade element (or elements) when the shaver head is vibrated, it is
really only necessary to know the material of the blade, its
thickness, and the extent to which is protrudes from the head
holding it. If we call the thickness, t, and the protrusion or free
length, l, and if we take the blade material to be steel, then it
is possible to write down an approximate formula for the resonance
frequency of the fundamental flexural vibration of the blade. In
cycles per second, this formula is
f = 85000 (t/l.sup.2) (1)
where t and l are to taken in centimeters. In order to get some
idea of how the dimensions of an actual steel blade in use would
relate to such resonance frequency, let us take the case of a blade
with a thickness of 0.003 in. which is approximately 0.008 (or t =
0.008 cm). Substituting in the frequency equation we obtain
f = (680/l.sup.2) (2)
Now the protrusion, l, may be made equal to many values in a
practical shaving head ranging from about 0.1 to 0.5 cm. For
example, at l = 0.1 cm. we get f = 680/10.sup..sup.-2 = 68,000
Hertz. and if l = 0.5 cm., then f = 680/25.times.10.sup..sup.-2 =
2,300 Hertz.
So that depending on the blade protrusion selected for a 0.003 inch
thick blade, one can readily design for a resonance flexural
vibration in the range from 2 to 68 KHz. This is compatible with
the razor design frequency, which is preferably in the low
ultrasonic frequency range. Also it will be appreciated that this
range of frequency design can be easily extended by a considerable
range by using steel blade material slightly thicker or thinner
than the 0.003 inch given in the cited example.
This example is cited so that it may be appreciated that acceptable
good shaving technology, which requires blade geometry in the
ranges just considered, fits in beautifully with the ultrasonic
vibration technology of a thin blade. Thus it is established that
we may expect the blade to vibrate somewhat as shown in the figures
having a vibration flutter at its edge.
But it must also be remarked that the blade head which holds the
blade rigidly is itself undergoing an ultrasonic vibration by
virtue of its being a part of the transmission line of an
ultrasonic motor. As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the blade may be
clamped so that it is either parallel to the longitudinal motor
axis B--B (FIG. 17) or perpendicular to said axis B--B (FIG. 16) or
any other desired angle between 0.degree. and 90.degree.. The
effect of selecting a given design angle, .theta., in accordance
with this disclosure, is that the blade edge, in addition to having
the responsive flutter component of vibration as revealed above,
said edge may also be endowed with a component of motion along the
axis A--A.
In practical use, it has been found that angles, .theta., between
30.degree. and 60.degree. yield razors with all the benefits
described in this invention. If one inquires why don't we get
higher harmonics of the flutter vibration when vibrating the razor
head, the answer is simply in the fact that the first harmonic of
the bending mode of vibration considered is more than two and a
half times the fundamental frequency. So that if, for example the
motor is designed to operate at 30 KHz, then, if the blade
fundamental flutter frequency is near 30 KHz the next harmonic will
be more than 75 KHz and will therefore be wholly absent as a
significant part of the blade's motion. Thus it is seen that
although the inventors have devised a simple shaving head
satisfying simultaneously sound shaving practice and sound
ultrasonic motor transmission line construction, that this very
simplicity gives all the elements of combinational versatility to
the razor so as to make it a unique new type of shaver embodying a
host of beneficial ultrasonically induced effects together with the
beneficial results of ordinary shaving practice.
A preferred form of blade assembly which will accomplish the
objectives of the present invention as illustrated in FIGS. 4
through 8 may be one having a body portion 66 made of aluminum
having total length 0.850 inch, total thickness 0.250 inch and
total width 1.55 inch. In a body so dimensioned a blade 0.003 inch
may be accommodated within a bonding agent of epoxy material having
a thickness of 0.003. The depth of the blade extends through the
head about 0.050 inch and is coupled to the body by a bonding agent
such as Epibond 123. The protrusion or free length of the blade is
approximately 0.050 inch. With reference to FIG. 5, this assembly,
when coupled to motor 25 at the end 38, may vibrate at 50 KHz. With
reference to FIGS. 16 and 17 the design angle of the blade head
assembly may be 45.degree. for this configuration.
FIGS. 18 and 19 illustrate another embodiment of the invention in
which the shaving head 11h includes an upper or first cutting blade
13h and a lower or second cutting blade 130h on the body portion
section 66h with securing means 70h to connect the shaving head
11h. The blades may be joined to the body portion 66h as by
coupling means as seen in FIG. 8. The body portion 66h is comprised
of a base portion 68h with a tapered neck section 72h terminating
in an elongated head section 74h. The junction between each section
may be by a radius or taper and the blades 13h and 130h provided
with beveled edges 77h as seen in FIG. 19. As illustrated a thread
portion 78h is provided in the rear end 69h of the base portion 68h
along the vertical axis thereof forming said securing means.
The base section 69h has an outer peripheral surface 71h with the
neck section 72h having a contoured rear surface 80h with a
substantially vertical front wall 81h and spaced apart side walls
82h that each blend with the head section 74h at one end thereof
and with the body portion 66h at their opposite end.
The head section 74h is comprised on its front end or face of a
lower guard or guide 84h extending the width of the shaving head
74h with a contoured outer rim 86h merging with a horizontal
channel or opening 85h merging therewith and a top front section
88h. The angular relationship between the blades 13h and 130h, and
mounted within the top front section 88h, and the guard edge 86h is
explained with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15. The groove or chamber
85h, adapted for containing fluid, has a bottom wall 90h that
merges with the outer rim 86h, a rear wall 92h that may be vertical
or rearwardly inclined and a top or upper wall 94h connected
together and the latter terminating at the face or upper guard edge
87h of the top front section 88h at its brim 95h. The head section
74h has a curved or tapered rear wall 96h that extends from the
neck wall 80h to the top wall or surface 98h and spaced apart from
the wall 92h in the groove 85h.
Horizontal channels 100h may be provided in spaced relation to each
other through the wall portion to leave remaining ribs 102h in a
substantially horizontal plane as seen in FIG. 18, with the
vibrational energy coupled through the ribs 102h. The blades 13h
and 130h are angularly disposed with respect to the vertical axis
of the motor and mounted within the head section 74h, in a manner
to obtain the necessary flexural component of vibration therein.
The wall 92h within the chamber 85h may be in parallel spaced
relation to the rear head wall 96h or at some other angular
relationship as selected.
Accordingly, the electric shaver shown in FIGS. 1-7 is composed of
a transducer element, preferably piezoelectric, which is bonded to
a transmission member, which is threaded so as to permit the
removable attachment of the blade holder transmission element 11h.
The blade holder element 11h is so shaped as the respective blades
may be designed to operate in combination with each other and this
is achieved for example by altering the thickness of each blade
such that the respective components of motion at the free ends 50h
of blade 13h and 131h of blade 130h are of a different magnitude.
As illustrated blade 130h has a greater thickness than blade 13h.
In addition the tailoring of the vibratory motion may be obtained
by selecting the free length of the blade from its secured
position. In this manner another factor controlling the flexural
component of vibration may be obtained.
FIGS. 20, 21 and 22 illustrate another embodiment of the invention
in which the shaving head 11j includes an upper cutting blade 13j
and a lower cutting blade 130j with a third middle blade 135j on
the body portion section 66j with securing means 70j to connect the
shaving head 11j. The blades may be joined to the body portion 66j
as by coupling means as seen in FIG. 8. The body portion 66j is
comprised of a base portion 68j with a tapered neck section 72j
terminating in an elongated head section 74j. The junction between
each section may be by a radius or taper and the blades 130j and
135j provided with beveled edges 77j as seen in FIG. 20. As
illustrated a thread portion 78j is provided in the rear end 69j of
the base portion 68j along the vertical axis thereof forming said
securing means.
The base section 69j has an outer peripheral surface 71j with the
neck section 72j having a contoured rear surface 80j with a
substantially vertical front wall 81j and spaced apart side walls
82j that each blend with the head section 74j at one end thereof
and the body portion 66j at their opposite end.
The head section 74j is comprised on its front end or face of a
lower guard or guide 84j extending the width of the shaving head
74j with a contoured outer rim 86j merging with a horizontal
channel or opening 85j merging therewith and a top front section
88j. The angular relationship between the blades 13j and 130j, and
mounted within the top front section 88j, and the guard edge 86j is
explained with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15. The groove or chamber
85j, adapted for containing fluid, has a bottom wall 90j that
merges with the outer rim 86j, a rear wall 92j that may be vertical
or rearwardly inclined and a top or upper wall 94j connected
together and the latter terminating at the face or upper guard edge
87j of the top front section 88j at its brim 95j. The head section
74j has a curved or tapered rear wall 96j that extends from the
neck wall 80j to the top wall or surface 98j and spaced apart from
the wall 92j in the groove 85j.
Horizontal channels 100j may be provided in spaced relation to each
other through the wall portion to leave remaining ribs 102j in a
substantially horizontal plane as seen in FIG. 18, with the
vibrational energy coupled through the ribs 102j. The blades 13j
and 130j are angularly disposed with respect to the vertical axis
of the motor and mounted within the head section 74j, in a manner
to obtain the necessary flexural component of vibration therein.
The wall 92j within the chamber 85j may be in parallel spaced
relation to the rear head wall 96j or at some other angular
relationship as selected.
Accordingly, the electric shaver shown in FIGS. 1-7 is composed of
a transducer element, preferably piezoelectric, which is bonded to
a transmission member, which is threaded so as to permit the
removable attachment of the blade holder transmission element 11j.
The blade holder element 11j is so shaped as the respective blades
may be designed to operate in combination with each other and this
is achieved for example by altering the thickness of each blade
such that the respective components of motion at the free ends 50j
of blade 13j, 131j of blade 130j and 136j of blade 135j are of a
different magnitude. In addition the tailoring of the vibratory
motion may be obtained by selecting the free length of the blade
from its secured position. In this manner another factor
controlling the flexural component of vibration may be
obtained.
An additional feature of this embodiment is that gripping means
138j is provided to facilitate the user manually coupling the
shaving assembly 11j to the motor. As seen a radial flange 140j is
provided on the base portion 68j to coincide with the bottom end
69j. It is appreciated that the exact location is optional,
provided it does not interfere with the use of the razor,
accordingly the gripping means may be on the base, neck, or head
portions. Finger depressions 142j are provided to be engaged by the
fingers of the user.
Another feature of the present embodiment, not necessarily related
to a multiple blade head or the use of gripping means, is a means
of acoustically insulating the body portion 66j by means of a
coating 145j that may be of an insulating material having a
thickness in the range of 0.010 to 0.060 of an inch. The material
may be of a foam or sponge rubber or other poor transmitter of
vibratory energy.
To permit the individual user to recognize different types of
assemblies each may have a color code and this is accomplished best
by providing a layer of material 145j that presents a smooth
textured surface.
Although illustrative embodiments of the invention have been
described in detail herein reference to the accompanying drawings,
it is to be noted that the invention is not limited to those
precise embodiments, and that various changes and modifications may
be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing
from the scope or spirit of the invention, except as defined in the
appended claims.
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