U.S. patent number 3,791,303 [Application Number 05/334,808] was granted by the patent office on 1974-02-12 for deterrent ammunition.
This patent grant is currently assigned to AAI Corporation. Invention is credited to Robert W. Schneppe, Jr., Patrick E. Sweeney.
United States Patent |
3,791,303 |
Sweeney , et al. |
February 12, 1974 |
DETERRENT AMMUNITION
Abstract
Deterrent ammunition, including a liquid-filled hollow ball of
easily flexible plastic material, which is scored to form
orange-peel-like rupture sections on impact with a target. The ball
is releasably secured in cradled relation for launching in a dual
element sabot, including a cradle unit of low-density foam plastic
with a rigid disc sabot backing element.
Inventors: |
Sweeney; Patrick E. (Baltimore,
MD), Schneppe, Jr.; Robert W. (Upperco, MD) |
Assignee: |
AAI Corporation (Cockeysville,
MD)
|
Family
ID: |
23308927 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/334,808 |
Filed: |
February 22, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
102/502; 102/513;
42/105; 102/520 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F42B
30/04 (20130101); F42B 12/40 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F42B
30/04 (20060101); F42B 30/00 (20060101); F42B
12/40 (20060101); F42B 12/02 (20060101); F42b
011/18 (); F42b 011/36 () |
Field of
Search: |
;102/38,41,92,92.7,1R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Stahl; Robert F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Pippin, Jr.; Reginald F.
Claims
We claim:
1. Deterrent ammunition comprising
a hollow ball formed of flexible rupturable and sealable material
and forming an internal cavity with a relatively thin surrounding
wall,
a charge of liquid in said cavity and dispersable upon impact
rupture of said ball,
said ball being externally scored for ease of rupture,
a rigid relatively low density gas-sealing discarding disc
sabot
and a ball support cradle of low density material and having a
forward cup-shaped face engaging said ball in cradling
relation,
said rigid disc sabot and cradle being secured together,
and said ball being releasably secured to said cup-shaped face of
said cradle.
2. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 1,
said ball having at least one substantially annular score line.
3. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 1,
said ball being externally scored along two peripheral intersecting
score lines.
4. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 3,
said two peripheral intersecting score lines being annular and
intersecting at two points.
5. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 4,
said two peripheral intersecting score lines being disposed
substantially normal to one another and forming separable
substantially spherical quadrants.
6. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 5,
said ball being spherical, and having an annular zone of greater
thickness than the thickness of two opposing lesser thickness zones
separated by said annular zone,
said two points of intersecting score lines being disposed in said
lesser thickness zones.
7. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 6,
said score lines being of substantially constant depth.
8. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 7,
said ball comprising two hemispheres having a juncture line
substantially normal to said score lines.
9. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 8,
said two points of intersection of said intersecting score lines
being substantially coaxial with said sabot and cradle.
10. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 1,
said ball being externally scored along two peripheral intersecting
score lines,
said two peripheral intersecting score lines being annular and
intersecting at two points,
said ball being spherical, and having an annular zone of greater
thickness than the thickness of two opposing lesser thickness zones
separated by said annular zone,
said two points of intersecting score lines being disposed in said
lesser thickness zones.
11. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 1,
said score lines being external and of substantially constant
depth.
12. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 11,
said ball being spherical, and having an annular zone of greater
thickness than the thickness of two opposing lesser thickness zones
separated by said annular zone,
said two points of intersecting score lines being disposed in said
lesser thickness zones.
13. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 12,
said ball comprising two hemispheres having a juncture line
substantially normal to said score lines.
14. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 13,
said two points of intersection of said intersecting score lines
being substantially coaxial with said sabot and cradle.
15. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 1,
said ball being externally scored along two peripheral intersecting
score lines,
said two peripheral intersecting score lines being annular and
intersecting at two points,
said two points of intersection of said intersecting score lines
being substantially coaxial with said sabot and cradle.
16. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 1,
said ball being releasably bonded to said cradle.
17. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 1,
said ball being releasably bonded to said cradle with an
elastomeric cement.
18. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 17,
said elastomeric cement comprising rubber cement.
19. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 18,
said low-density cradle being formed of a resilient foamed
plastic.
20. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 19, said resilient
foamed plastic comprising styrofoam.
21. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 20,
said rigid disc sabot being formed of fiberboard.
22. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 1,
said ball being a sphere and being effectively substantially fully
filled with said liquid.
23. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 1,
said ball being formed of an elastic flexible thermoplastic
material.
24. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 23,
said ball being formed of ethylene vinyl acetate.
25. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 1,
said ball having at least one substantially annular score line,
said ball being externally scored along two peripheral intersecting
score lines,
said ball being spherical, and having an annular zone of greater
thickness than the thickness of two opposing lesser thickness zones
separated by said annular zone,
said two points of intersecting score lines being disposed in said
lesser thickness zones,
said score lines being of substantially constant depth,
said ball comprising two hemispheres having a juncture line
substantially normal to said score lines,
said two points of intersection of said intersecting score lines
being substantially coaxial with said sabot and cradle,
said ball being releasably bonded to said cradle with an
elastomeric cement,
said low-density cradle being formed of a resilient foamed
plastic.
26. Deterrent ammunition according to claim 25,
said ball being formed of ethylene vinyl acetate.
Description
This invention relates to deterrent ammunition, and more
particularly to personnel deterrent ammunition which is rupturable
on impact, and which may be launched directly against rioting
personnel to provide an impact shock or sting to the target
personnel with substantially reduced hazard as compared to
conventional ammunition.
Various materials and arrangements have been employed in an effort
to control rioting or other disorderly personnel, while minimizing
ultimate damage to the personnel being controlled. Fire hoses have
been used for this purpose, but have been generally abandoned or
found to be generally unsatisfactory, due to the very substantial
injury potential, as well as the unfavorable image cast on
firefighting units by their association with this tactical weapon.
Water cannons have also been tried, and while the water cannon has
advantages over the fire hose approach, it nevertheless has very
substantial injury-producing potential. Technically, the fire hose
and the water cannon systems utilize a similar principle of
projecting a variable intensity water jet stream to unbalance
and/or disarm an individual. Water cannons and fire hose also are
large, heavy, cumbersome and normally require several persons for
operation.
It is an object and feature of the present invention to provide an
improved personnel control deterrent ammunition arrangement which
is light-weight, enables use by an individual person, and which
provides relatively low lethality hazard to the target personnel,
while enabling a substantial degree of deterrent control of such
personnel by impacting a rupturable liquid-filled projectile of
special design on impact contact with the target personnel.
It is a further object and feature of the invention to provide an
improved low-hazard riot control ammunition which enables the
delivery of a marking or other desired liquid to the vicinity of a
rioting person or persons, and which will rupture on impact and be
substantially non-effectively returnable in an effective form.
Still further objects, features and advantages will become apparent
to one skilled in the art from a reading of the following
description of a preferred embodiment, constructed in accordance
with the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the components of a deterrent
ammunition system incorporating deterrent ammunition according to
the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a section view of deterrent ammunition according to the
present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the deterrent ammunition of FIG.
2.
FIG. 4 is a section view, extending diametrally through the major
circumferential extent of the ball projectile of FIGS. 2 and 3, and
shown additionally in partial cutaway section to illustrate a
method of filling of the projectile with liquid.
Referring now in detail to the Figures of the drawings, a
projectile/sabot assembly 11 is provided, which may be suitably
fired from an oversized tubular barrel extension 33 on the end of a
shotgun 31 which may be of conventional construction. The tubular
barrel extension 33 may suitably take the form of a shotgun barrel
extension as illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,318,033, although other
tubular barrels or barrel extensions may be suitably employed. A
propellant gas generating launching cartridge 41, such as that
described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,672,301, or any other suitable
construction, may be employed, or compressed air or other gas may
be employed, as in the case of launching from a simple tube
arrangement.
The projectile/sabot assembly 11 takes the form of a liquid-filled
scored ball 13, which is releasably secured in cradled relation
within a hemispherical recess formed in the forward face of a ball
support cradle 15, which is formed of low-density material, and
which in a preferred embodiment has taken the form of styrene foam.
The ball is suitably releasably secured to the ball support cradle
15, as through the medium of a layer of rubber cement 21, which
desirably is disposed in, and preferably restricted to, the bottom
central zone of the hemispherical depression within which the ball
is seated, in order to provide sufficient initial securing adhesion
of the ball 13 to the cradle 15 for handling and loading, while
enabling relative ease of separation of the ball 13 from the cradle
15 upon exit from the launching device, such as barrel extension 33
or other tubular barrel.
As noted, the ball support cradle 15 is formed of low-density
styrene foan or other suitable low-density foam plastic or other
low-density suitable cradling material, and provides a high
drag/weight ratio. Secured to the rear face of ball support cradle
15, as through the medium of a layer of rubber cement 19, is a
relatively rigid disc sabot 17, which may be suitably formed of
resin-impregnated fiber board such as Homosote composition board.
This rigid disc sabot 17 serves to provide the necessary rigidity
for the projectile/sabot assembly to enable efficient launching
under the influence of the propellant gas, and the combination of
this relatively thin yet rigid disc sabot 17 with the substantially
lower density and softer ball support cradle 15, enables the
effective launching of the liquid-filled ball 13 without rupture of
the ball at the launching site or in the course of launching. In
addition, the composite relatively low mass of the composite
cradle/sabot 15, 17 enables a relatively fast velocity decay of the
cradle/sabot 15, 17 after exit of the projectile/sabot assembly 11
from the launching muzzle and separation of the ball 13 from the
cradle/sabot 15, 17.
Separation of the liquid-filled ball 13 from the cradle/sabot 15,
17 is assisted by formation of an annular forward shoulder 15b on
the forward surface of ball support cradle 15, and by the preferred
restricted securing of the ball 13 to the ball support cradel 15 at
the bottom central zone of the ball support cradle forward
hemispherical recess, with a resultant unsecured annular separation
zone between the ball 13 and the ball support cradle in the area of
the hemispherical recess rearwardly of the annular forward shoulder
15b, as generally indicated in exaggerated form in FIG. 2.
Liquid-filled ball 13 takes the form of a preferably substantially
spherical ball which is formed of an easily flexible plastic
material which is capable of being punctured for loading of water
or other liquid, and of being resealed, and which is also capable
of being scored according to the invention, and which will rupture
along its score lines upon impact with a target. A suitable
elastomeric plastic material for this purpose has been found to be
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), although other plastic or rubber
materials may be employed as may be found suitable, such as
polyethylene.
The ball 13 has a conventional seam line 13a formed between two
hemispherical halves which have been suitably joined together
according to conventional ball-making technology, and these two
hemispherical halves form a ball with a wall 13w having a thin
relatively thicker annular wall portion 13wa in the vicinity of
annular seam 13a than in the wall portions 13wb which are in the
zone generally transverse to the seam line 13a. This wall thickness
varies smoothly between these two thick and thin zones, as will be
noted from the sectional view of FIG. 4. Thus, two generally
opposed maximum weakened zones are provided substantially midway
between and transverse to the seam line 13a. Annular score lines
13c, 13c' are formed in the external peripheral surface of
spherical wall 13w, which score lines preferably extend normal to
the seam line 13a, so as to intersect in the thin wall zones 13wb,
and in the instance of two such score lines it is desired that
these score lines extend and intersect substantially normal to one
another, as shown for instance in FIG. 3. While more than two
annular score lines may be provided, it has been found that two
annular score lines are adequate from a practical standpoint.
The score lines 13c, 13c' preferably extend to a constant depth
around the periphery of the spherical wall 13w, and may be formed
as by a blade, while effecting relative angular motion between the
blade and the ball 13. Alternatively, the score lines may be formed
in the wall mold for the ball 13.
It will be noted that the score lines 13c, 13c' intersect in the
zone of the thinnest and weakest sections 13wb of wall 13w, and
this assists in enabling ease of rupture, and a desired mode of
rupture, of the ball upon impact with a target.
The ball 13 is filled with a suitable liquid such as water, or in
the event that marking is desired, the liquid may be a colored
marking liquid of desired constituency, including colored water or
other liquid, or other suitable liquid or flowable material content
may be contained within the ball 13. It is desired that the liquid
L substantially fully fill the ball cavity, as this will aid in
insuring rupture of the ball on impact, due to the substantially
incompressible liquid volume and the flexible rupturable and
spherical form of the scored thick/thin containment wall 13w.
Filling of the ball 13 with liquid L may be suitably effected by
injection of liquid through a canula 53 which may be connected to a
suitable pressurized liquid source through a tube 51. This
pressurized liquid source may take various forms, including a
conventional water faucet under standard water pressure conditions.
The canula 53, when inserted through the wall 13w, will form a
small hole 13h1, and a second small hole 13h2 is preferably formed
adjacent the hole 13h1 in order to enable air venting while
injecting liquid through the canula 53. Upon completion of the
filling of the ball 13, both holes 13h1 and 13h2 are sealed,
preferably by using a small soldering iron to locally melt the
plastic of wall 13w and seal the wall over the holes 13h1 and 13h2,
as generally indicated at S, S in FIG. 2.
It is highly desirable that the score lines of the ball 13 be
disposed in such a manner as to assure that the ball will not fail
along the score lines at launching. The preferred and most
advantageous score line orientation for the ball 13 in the
pre-launch configuration of the projectile/sabot assembly 11 is
that shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in which the score lines 13c and 13c'
intersect on the centerline of the projectile/sabot assembly 11.
The sabot thus substantially complementarily supports the weak
section of the ball upon launch, and the set-back forces result in
insufficient force being supplied to the other forwardly oriented
thin section as to cause rupture in this zone at launch for
practical launch purposes, which may be for instance up to
approximately 160 feet per second muzzle launch velocity. In a
practical embodiment of the invention, an approximately 3-inch
diameter ball 13 has been formed of EVA, with a wall thickness
varying between 0.030 inches in the zone of wall section 13wb at
the intersection of score lines 13c, 13c', and 0.060 inches at the
seam zone adjacent the seam zone, and with score lines of 0.015
-0.025 inch depth. It will be appreciated that these are
illustrative figures, and may be varied for a given material or
desired instance of utilization of the invention.
In operation, the projectile/sabot assembly 11 is inserted into the
tubular barrel extension 33, with the rigid composition disc sabot
17 forming an effective gas seal with the rifled or unrifled walls
of the tubular barrel launch section, and with the ball 13
extending forwardly toward the muzzle end of the barrel tube. Upon
firing of the launching cartridge 41, the resultant propellant
gases will effect forward motion of the projectile/sabot assembly
11 by pressure on the rear face of the rigid disc face 17, and the
ball 13 will be effectively cradled by its ball support cradle 15
during the forward motion of the assembly by the action of the
propellant gases on the rigid disc sabot 17 and the resulting
application of the set-back forces to the assembly 11. Upon exit of
the projectile/sabot assembly 11 from the nozzle of the launching
barrel or tube, the air resistance on low mass cradle/sabot 15, 17,
including particularly the annular shoulder 15b and the space
between the ball and the cradle, will result in the cradle/sabot
15, 17 separating and dropping away from the ball 13, and
subsequent early dropping of the cradle/sabot 15, 17 to the ground,
with the ball 13 continuing downrange to its point of impact at the
target zone. Upon impact of the ball 13 with the ground personnel,
or the ground, or other target, the ball will split along the score
lines in the manner of an opened orange peel, due to the prescoring
along the score lines 13c, 13c' and the thin-walled construction at
the score line intersection. This impact splitting of the scored
ball skin 13w is enhanced by the substantially full filling of the
ball 13 with liquid L, with little or no vent space, as impact
compression or deflection of the spherical ball configuration on
impact causes a decrease of the ball volume, with inherently little
or no liquid compression, and resultant rupture occurs along the
weakened score zones.
The striking velocity as a measure of the "hurt" which may be
delivered to the rioter or other personnel to be controlled, can be
readily controlled by varying the muzzle velocity as a function of
the propellant gas pressure, the angle of fire and the range, and
this striking velocity, for a given ball weight, will generally
determine the intensity of sting or unbalancing impact shock
applied to the rioting personnel or other target. As a result of
the splitting of the ball wall 13w in the orange peel quadrant
configuration as noted above, the target personnel will be deprived
of any use of the thus spent projectile as an effective return
projectile to throw back at the person initially launching the
projectile. As distinguished from ordinary projectiles whose
fragments form substantially hazardous penetrating particles on
impact with a target, this ball projectile may generally be termed
as non-fragmenting in the usual sense of the word as to fragments
which are themselves penetrating and harmful to the personnel, as
the orange peel split flexible skin quadrants of the plastic skin
13w are themselves relatively light-weight and highly flexible.
Upon rupture of the ball and opening of the projectile in the
orange peel configuration, the liquid L will be discharged against
and in the vicinity of the target.
While the invention has been described with respect to the single
illustrative embodiment, it will be apparent that various
modifications and improvements may be made without departing from
the scope and spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the invention
is not to be limited to the illustrative and preferred embodiment,
but only by the scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *