U.S. patent number 3,789,753 [Application Number 05/364,455] was granted by the patent office on 1974-02-05 for apparatus for printing of charge images.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Varian Associates. Invention is credited to Sherman L. Rutherford.
United States Patent |
3,789,753 |
Rutherford |
February 5, 1974 |
APPARATUS FOR PRINTING OF CHARGE IMAGES
Abstract
An electrically isolated development electrode is disposed
immediately adjacent a charge image bearing surface of a charge
image bearing structure having a conductive backing. The charge
image induces a second charge image in the development electrode
and produces an image electric field in the development gap between
the first and second charge images. The second charge image further
induces a background charge distribution in the backing member of
opposite sign to that of the first charge image. An insulative web
is disposed in the development gap to receive electroscopic pigment
particles for printing either a positive or a negative print of the
first charge image. Additional copies may be printed on
successively introduced insulative webs without dissipating the
first charge image.
Inventors: |
Rutherford; Sherman L. (Palo
Alto, CA) |
Assignee: |
Varian Associates (Palo Alto,
CA)
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Family
ID: |
23434604 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/364,455 |
Filed: |
May 29, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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135294 |
Apr 19, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
101/494;
101/DIG.37; 399/244 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41J
2/415 (20130101); Y10S 101/37 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
2/415 (20060101); B41J 2/41 (20060101); B41j
027/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;101/DIG.13,1
;118/637 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Burr; Edgar S.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cole; Stanley Z. Hentzel; Paul
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 135,294 filed
4/19/71 now abandoned.
Claims
1. An apparatus for toning an image corresponding to a charge image
on an insulative charge retentive layer overlying an electrical
conducting backing member, comprising the combination:
an insulative charge retentive layer overlying an electrical
conducting backing member;
development electrode means which is electrically conductive and
disposed adjacent the charge retentive surface defining a
development gap therebetween which is sufficiently narrow to permit
the charge image on the charge retentive surface to establish a
corresponding electric field across the development gap to induce a
charge image on the development electrode, the development
electrode means being electrically isolated from the backing member
and operating at an independent floating potential with respect
thereto;
an insulative web positioned in the development gap in spaced
relationship from the charge retentive surface and from the
development electrode means and dividing the development gap into
two portions, one portion formed by the insulative web and the
development electrode and the other portion formed by the
insulative web and the charge retentive surface, the web receiving
a charge image thereon by induction by means of the electric field
extending across the development gap; and
means for applying toner into at least one of the development gap
portions, which toner migrates under the influence of the electric
field towards at least one of the charge images to establish a
toned image corresponding to the charge image on the charge
retentive surface.
Description
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Heretofore, electrically conductive development electrodes have
been disposed over a charge image bearing surface backed by a
conductive member for improving the development of relatively large
area charge images. In the prior art the development electrode was
electrically connected for operation at the same potential as the
conductive backing member underlaying the charge image. In some
prior embodiments, such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
2,573,881 issued Nov. 6, 1951, a relatively high potential, as of
1,500 to 6,000 volts was supplied to the development electrode
relative to the backing electrode to prevent undesired printing of
the background of the charge image being developed.
In another prior art method and apparatus for developing
electrostatic images, the development electrode was grounded to the
same potential as the conductive backing portion of the charge
image bearing structure. An insulative web was disposed in the
electric image field between the development electrode and the
charge image bearing surface. Electroscopic pigment particles were
introduced into the electric field, either between the web and the
charge image or between the development electrode and the
insulative web, for developing an image on the insulative web
corresponding to the charge image to be developed. Since the charge
image on the charge bearing structure was not developed, in the
latter case, it was recycled for producing multiple copies from a
single charge image. Such a method and apparatus is disclosed in
U.S. Pat. No. 2,801,374, issued Aug. 25, 1959.
Both of the aforecited prior art references result in prints which
are a positive print of the charge image disposed on the image
bearing surface. In some instances, it is desirable to obtain a
negative print of the charge image being developed. In other
instances, it may be desirable to obtain both a negative and a
positive print of the charge image.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The principal object of the present invention is the provision of
improved method and apparatus for printing charge images.
In one feature of the present invention, an electrically isolated
conductive development electrode is disposed adjacent a charge
image bearing surface overlaying an electrically conductive backing
member, whereby the charge image on the charge bearing surface
induces a charge image pattern of opposite sign in the isolated
development electrode which in-turn induces a background charge
image in the conductive backing member of opposite sign to the
charge image on the charge bearing surface. Either a positive or
negative print of the charge image pattern may be developed by
introducing electroscopic pigment particles of the proper sign into
the development gap between the charge bearing surface and the
development electrode.
In another feature of the present invention, an electrically
insulative web is interposed in the development gap between the
charge bearing surface and the electrically isolated development
electrode, such web intercepting the electric field lines of the
electric field pattern, whereby either a positive or a negative
print may be obtained on the insulative web, of the charge image
pattern by introducing charged toner particles of proper sign into
the electrical field image pattern.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become
apparent upon perusal of the following specification taken in
connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross sectional view depicting the method and
apparatus for developing charge images according to the present
invention,
FIG. 2 is a sketch similar to that of FIG. 1 depicting an
alternative embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 3 is an apparatus similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2 with the
exception of the introduction of an insulative web between the
development electrode and the charge image bearing surface,
FIG. 4 is a view similar to that of FIG. 3 depicting an alternative
embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram, partly in block diagram form,
depicting an electrographic camera and development apparatus
according to the present invention,
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross sectional view of an electrographic
apparatus incorporating features of the present invention, and
FIG. 7 is a view similar to that of FIG. 6 showing an alternative
embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown method and apparatus for
development of charge images and incorporating features of the
present invention. More particularly, a charge image bearing
structure 1 includes an insulative charge image bearing layer 2
supported upon an electrically conductive backing member 3. A
charge image 4, such as a negative charge image, is deposited upon
a charge image bearing surface of the insulative layer 2. In a
typical example, the charge image bearing structure 1 may comprise,
a sheet of dielectric coated conductive paper, a sheet of
photoconductive coated paper, an xerographic plate as of selenium
with a conductive backing member, or merely an insulative film
overlaying an electrically conductive backing plate 3.
A development electrode 5, such as a metallic plate, wire screen,
electrically conductive paper, or porous metal plate, is closely
disposed adjacent the image bearing layer 2 to define a development
gap 6 in the space between the development electrode 5 and the
charge bearing structure 1. The development electrode 5 is
electrically isolated from the conductive backing member 3. As a
negative charge image 4 is brought into close proximity to the
development electrode 5, i.e., within 10's of microns to 100's of
microns, the negative charge image 4 induces a second charge image
of opposite polarity in the adjacent face of the conductive
development electrode 5. The induced positive charge image, which
is mutually opposed to the negative charge image 4 depletes the
background area of the development electrode 5 of positive charge,
thereby inducing a negative charged background image in the
development electrode. This induced negative background image in
the development electrode induces a background image in the backing
member 3 of positive polarity. Thus, in the presence of the
electrically isolated development electrode 5, the deposited charge
image 4 induces an image electric field pattern in the development
gap 6 which has one direction over the deposited charge image and
opposite direction over the background areas of the deposited
charge image.
When electroscopic pigment particles (toner) of an electrical sign
opposite to the sign of the deposited charge image are introduced
into the development gap 6 a positive print of the deposited charge
image is obtained on the charge bearing structure 1, and a negative
print of the charge is developed or printed on the development
electrode 5.
Conversely, as shown in FIG. 2, if a toner having an electrical
sign which is the same as the electrical sign of the deposited
charge image is introduced into the development gap 6, a negative
print of the charge image is obtained on the charge bearing
structure 1 and a positive print of the deposited charge image is
developed or printed on the development electrode 5. The
electroscopic pigment may be pigment particles suspended in a
dielectric liquid or may comprise a powdered electroscopic pigment
suspended in a gas such as air. Alternatively, the toner particles
may be carried by a suitable carrier medium, such as glass beads or
on an insulative web.
The intensity of the induced background image may be increased by
depositing additional charges on the charge bearing layer 2, of the
same electrical polarity as the deposited charge image 4, about the
marginal edge of the print to be developed. Such additional charge
may be deposited in any one of a number of ways, such as by
contacting the charge bearing surface 2 with a conductive electrode
operated at a potential of the same sign as the charge image 4 and
at preferably a higher potential than the potential of the charge
image 4 relative to the potential applied to the backing member 3.
In the case where the charge image bearing layer 2 is a
photoconductor the additional charges to be placed about the
marginal edge of the image to be developed, may be deposited at the
same time as the charges forming the image 4 and just not drained
off through the photoconductive layer 2 when exposed to the
radiation utilized to form the image 4. The purpose of the
additional charge about the margin of the image to be developed is
that it produces additional induced background charge images in the
development electrode 5 which in-turn increases the induced
background image intensity in the conductive backing electrode
3.
Referring now to FIG. 3, there is shown a method and apparatus for
printing both a positive and negative print on a printing medium of
the deposited charge image 4. More particularly, the apparatus of
FIG. 3 is substantially the same as that of FIGS. 1 and 2 with the
exception that an insulative web 11, as of insulative paper,
dielectric film, or the like, is interposed in the development gap
6 between the development electrode 5 and the charge image bearing
layer 2, such that the charge image electric field pattern passes
through the insulative web 11. Toner particles having an electrical
sign opposite to the sign of the charge image 4 are introduced into
the electric field regions of the development gap 6 on opposite
sides of the web 11. Such electroscopic toner particles under the
influence of the induced electric fields develop a positive print
of the charge image 4 on the charge image bearing structure 1 and
on the upper surface of the insulative web 11. Such toner particles
also develop negative prints of the charge image on the bottom side
of the insulative web 11 and on the bottom side of the development
electrode 5.
Conversely, as shown in FIG. 4, the introduction of electroscopic
pigment particles (toner) of a sign, which is the same as that of
the charge image 4, serves to develop or print a positive print of
the charge image 4 on the bottom surface of the insulative web 11
and on the bottom surface of the development electrode 5. A
negative print of the charge image 4 is formed on the upper surface
of the insulative web 11 and on the upper surface of the charge
bearing electrode 1.
The apparatus and method of FIGS. 3 and 4 offers the ability to
print multiple copies of the deposited charge image 4 without
destroying the image 4. More particularly, if the toner particles
are introduced only into that portion of the development gap
between the development electrode 5 and the insulative web 11, and
the insulative web serves as a barrier to the toner particles such
that they do not develop the charge image pattern on the charge
image electrode 1, positive prints of the original charge image may
be produced utilizing the method of FIG. 4. The cycle may be
repeated to obtain multiple copies on successively introduced and
toned insulative webs without destroying the original deposited
charge image 4.
Referring now to FIG. 5, there is shown an electrographic camera
apparatus 21 incorporating features of the present invention. The
electrographic camera 21 includes a lens 22 for focusing the image
of an object 23 through a transparent support 24, as of glass, and
transparent electrode 25, as of tin-oxide, onto a photoconductive
plate 26. A charge image bearing structure 1, such as dielectric
coated conductive paper with the dielectric coating forming the
charge retentive layer 2 overlaying the conductive paper backing 3,
is disposed over a ground plate electrode 27.
The insulative charge retentive layer 2 is in nominal contact with
the photoconductor 26. A conductive electrode 28 frames the
photoconductor plate 26 for depositing a charge image around the
marginal edge or frame of the image to be photographed. A potential
source 29, of relative high potential as of -500 volts, is
connected between ground and the transparent electrode 25 via the
intermediary of a timing switch 31.
The object 23 is photographed by illuminating the object and
pressing the timing switch 31 for a suitable exposure time to
transfer the charge from the transparent electrode 25 through the
portions of the photoconductor illuminated by the object and across
the gap between the photoconductor and the charge retentive layer 2
to deposit a charge image 4 on the charge retentive layer 2. The
charge image 4 is an image of negative charge corresponding to a
negative image of the object 23. Image 4 is framed by framing image
32 having the same sign as the charge image 4.
After exposure, the charge image 4 on the image bearing structure 1
is advanced into a printing or developing section 34. In the
developing section 34, the charge image bearing structure 1 is fed
under a development drum 5 together with an insulative printing web
11, as of paper. The drum 5 is porous and forms the development
electrode. Electroscopic pigment particles having the same sign as
the charge image 4 are suspended in a suitable dielectric liquid
within the porous development drum 5. The drum 5 is electrically
isolated from the conductive backing member 3 and from the grounded
electrode 27. In the same manner as previously described with
regard to FIG. 4, a negative print of the charge image 4 is printed
on the upper surface of the paper web 11 to form a positive print
of the object 23. A second development station 36 having a second
porous development electrode 5' disposed adjacent the upper surface
of the charge image 4 and filled with electroscopic pigment
particles having a positive charge or a sign opposite to that of
the sign of the image 4 serves to develop the charge image 4 on the
charge image bearing structure 1, in the same manner as previously
described with regard to FIG. 3, to obtain a negative print of the
object 23. Thus, in the camera 21 of FIG. 5, both a positive and a
negative print of the object 23 is obtained.
Referring now to FIG. 6, there is shown an alternative embodiment
of the present invention. In this embodiment, the charge image
bearing structure 1 comprises a xerographic drum having a
photoconductive charge retentive layer 2 deposited overlaying a
conductive drum 3. A corona discharge charging station 38 charges
the photoconductive layer 2 with a uniform high negative charge. As
the drum 1 rotates past a camera aperture 39, light from an object
41 illuminates the photoconductor 2 to selectively discharge the
photoconductor in accordance with the object 41 to leave a negative
charge image 4 on the drum. The negative charge image 4 corresponds
to a positive image of the object 41.
As the drum 1 rotates, the negative charge image 4 to be developed
rotates under a development electrode drum 5 of the type previously
described with regard to FIG. 5. The drum 5 is loaded with
positively charged electroscopic pigment particles. A printing web
11 of insulative material, as of paper, is fed between the
development electrode 5 and the charge image 4 on the xerographic
drum 1. The positive electroscopic pigment particles are drawn from
the development electrode 5 to the web 11, in the manner as
previously described with regard to FIG. 3, to produce a positive
print of the charge image and thus a positive print of the object
41. The development electrode 5 operates at an independent floating
potential relative to the potential of the drum 3.
Referring now to FIG. 7 there is shown an alternative embodiment of
the present invention. The apparatus of FIG. 7 is essentially
identical to that of FIG. 6 with the exception that the charge
image 4 on the xerographic drum 1 is also developed by means of a
development station 36, as previously described with regard to FIG.
5 to produce a positive print on the xerographic drum. The print on
the drum is then transferred to a second printing web 43, as of
paper, which passes around the transfer drum 44 adjacent the
developed charge image 4 on the drum.
The transfer drum 44 is operated at a high negative potential
relative to the grounded potential of the xerographic drum for
transferring the positive toner particles of the image 4 from the
xerographic drum 1 to the second printing web 43. Transfer voltage
is supplied to the transfer drum 44 from a supply 45. Thus, in the
apparatus of FIG. 7 two positive prints of the object 41 are
obtained, one on web 11 and the other on web 43. The drum 1 is then
cleaned by cleaning station 46 to remove toner particles from the
drum prior to recharging the drum at the charging station 38.
* * * * *