U.S. patent number 3,786,515 [Application Number 05/264,378] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-15 for latent image recording method and electric recording apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Horizons Incorporated, a division of Horizons Research Incorporated. Invention is credited to Ra W. Walker.
United States Patent |
3,786,515 |
Walker |
January 15, 1974 |
LATENT IMAGE RECORDING METHOD AND ELECTRIC RECORDING APPARATUS
Abstract
An improvement in the method and apparatus for generating
imagery in which information from either an original document or an
electronic input is placed on paper or other suitable record medium
by the use of control element(s) which establish an electric field
adjacent to the record medium; the recording element(s) being
immersed in liquid, described in U.S. Pat. 3,623,122 which
improvement consists in separating the image forming step from the
development step and the apparatus for accomplishing the same.
Inventors: |
Walker; Ra W. (Cleveland,
OH) |
Assignee: |
Horizons Incorporated, a division
of Horizons Research Incorporated (Cleveland, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
23005797 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/264,378 |
Filed: |
June 19, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
347/166;
347/165 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04N
1/29 (20130101); G03G 15/325 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
15/32 (20060101); G03G 15/00 (20060101); H04N
1/29 (20060101); G03g 013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;346/74E,74ES |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Henon; Paul J.
Assistant Examiner: Sachs; Michael
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Field; Lawrence I.
Claims
Having now described the invention in accordance with the Patent
Statutes, I claim:
1. A recording apparatus including:
at least one recording stylus,
means to move a recording medium relative to said stylus,
means to maintain one end of said stylus in physical contact with
said recording medium, said end of said stylus and said recording
medium being immersed in an insulating liquid,
a counterelectrode disposed at the face of said recording medium
opposite to the face which is maintained in contact with the
stylus,
means to feed a signal to said stylus indicative of information to
be recorded on said record medium, whereby a latent image is formed
on said recording medium,
and means to move said recording medium into physical contact with
a liquid developer whereby said latent image is rendered visible,
and recording of a visible image is achieved, said liquid developer
being in a separate pool from said insulating liquid.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a source of potential is
connected between said stylus and said counterelectrode.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 including at least one electro-optical
transducer provided for controlling the potential between said
stylus and said counter-electrode and including optics for imaging
an optical signal on said electro-optical transducer.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the stylus comprises an array
of recording elements which extend across the width of the
recording medium, the signal fed to each of said elements being
generated individually by electronic or photoconductor means.
Description
This invention relates in general to electrophotography and, in
particular, to a method and apparatus for producing copies.
Methods and techniques for producing visible images from an
electrical input have been known and practiced for many years.
Facsimile recorders employing special papers are in wide use. Such
images may be formed either through the electrolytic development of
a color or through the use of an electrical discharge to vaporize
(blast-off) an overlayer.
Another widely practiced technique involves a corona discharge from
a fine stylus spaced a very short distance above an insulating
surface--generally a paper whose surface is coated with an
insulating thermoplastic film. This method of recording is well
described in the patent literature, including the following U.S.
Pat. Nos. 2,894,799; 3,064,259; 3,068,481; 3,131,256; 3,208,176;
3,217,330; 3,289,209; 3,383,697; 3,384,898; 3,409,899; 3,417,404;
3,434,157; 3,471,861.
Still other methods of generating an image are described in U.S.
Pat. No. 3,121,373 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,623,122 and in a recent
article appearing in "Photographic Science and Engineering" Volume
15, Number 5 September-October 1971.
The disclosures in this prior art are incorporated herein, by this
reference.
The present invention is an improvement upon the invention
described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,623,122 which describes a method and
apparatus for generating imagery in which information from either
an original document or an electronic input is placed on paper or
other suitable record medium by the use of control element(s) which
establish an electric field adjacent to the record medium, the
recording element(s) being immersed in a liquid, such liquid being
an electrostatic liquid toner, as is commercially available or can
be made.
In the present invention, the recording and development steps are
separate and distinct with a highly insulating liquid surrounding
the junction between the recording element(s) and the recording
medium and covering the recording medium for the recording step and
the resulting latent image being exposed to a liquid developer at a
later time. By carrying out the process in this manner, several
significant advantages are obtained, including the following:
1. The recording and development steps can be separated for up to
several minutes under ideal conditions, allowing any background
noise or triboelectric charging produced by the recording
element(s) rubbing on the recording medium to decay to a low or
nonexistent level for the development step;
2. The latent image can be given a short development time to
minimize background toner pickup, heretofore experienced with
simultaneous recording and development;
3. There is no toner deposit buildup on the recording element(s)
since there is no contact between the recording element(s) and the
electrostatic liquid toner;
4. An array of closely spaced recording elements may be used since
the absence of electrostatic toner eliminates element to element
shorting.
The present invention will be more fully understood from the
description which follows taken in conjunction with the drawings in
which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one kind of recorder which may be
used in the practice of the invention and
FIGS. 2-5 show modifications of the invention and of the apparatus
of FIG. 1.
EXAMPLE 1
Example 1 is best understood with reference to FIG. 1. The recorder
shown in FIG. 1 includes a medium 10 upon which the record is made.
This recording sheet 10 may consist of a web of a clear plastic
film base or any type of paper. A means 8, comprising a warm air
supply or heat lamps, is provided for drying the sheet so that, if
the recording medium is paper, it may be thoroughly dried. The
recording medium 10 is guided through a compartmented trough 12,
the compartment 2 at the entry end containing a highly insulating
liquid 3 and the compartment at the exit end containing a liquid
developer 14, rollers 16 guide the recording medium through the
liquid baths. Any conventional means (not shown) may be utilized
for advancing the recording medium through the highly insulating
liquid 3 and liquid developer 14 contained in the trough 12. The
recording medium may be continuously drawn through the recording
system or the drive may be intermittent; for example, if a single
frame at a time is to be recorded. Excess developer solvent
remaining on the web is removed by squeegee rollers 18 and residual
developer solvent remaining on the web is removed by a warm air
plenum 20.
The recording stylus 22 includes a stylus tip 25 which may consist
of a coarse wire sharpened to a tip width of 2 to 3 mils or the tip
25 may be spherical with a radius of about 5 to 20 mils. The
recording stylus is moved over the surface of the recording sheet,
the stylus tip contacting the recording surface, by an
electromechanical drive 26. A modulated source of electrical
potential 30 establishes an electric field between the stylus 22
and a conducting counterelectrode 28, thereby producing a latent
image on the recording medium, which image is made visible when the
recording medium 10 passes into the developer bath 14.
The electromechanical drive which positions the stylus on the
recording medium may be any one of a variety of drives well known
to the art, for example, an X-Y recorder or servo drive to position
the stylus in two directions or a high-speed recording pen motor or
any other suitable known mechanism.
Alternately, the electrode structure 22 may consist of a linear
array of stylii extending across the recording medium in a
direction perpendicular to the direction of web travel. This array
may be formed of printed circuit stripes upon a circuit board, the
strips spaced 100 to the inch, for example. The recording potential
at each stylii may be controlled by individual high voltage
transistors or, for an optical input, by the use of photoconductor
or photoemissive elements as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,121,373
or 3,623,122.
Instead of a single trough with a divider as shown in FIG. 1 other
means could be used to separate the recording and developing
liquids. For instance two separate troughs 12 could be used with
rollers 16 as shown in FIG. 2 or other means for guiding the
recording medium from one trough to the second trough. Or, as shown
in FIG. 3, a single trough 12 with two compartments connected by a
narrow slit 17 through which the recording medium passes could be
used to achieve separation. Rollers 16 might also be used instead
of the slit, as shown in FIG. 4. Developer could be kept out of the
insulating liquid compartment in FIGS. 3 and 4 by means of a
positive pressure on the insulating liquid side, due to a
difference in hydrostatic head, for example.
FIG. 5 shows a transfer method of copying as described in U.S. Pat.
No. 3,623,122 with the modification of the copying and development
steps. Trough 2 contains the highly insulating liquid 3 and trough
12 contains the liquid electrostatic toner 14. Rather than develop
the image directly on a paper 10 or film 10 (as shown in previous
examples), the image is formed on the insulating surface of a
transfer roller 74. This roller is uniformly coated with an
insulating film 76 having a thickness in the range of 1 to 10 mils.
A preferred coating material is a vitreous enamel because of its
high strength, high abrasion resistance, and ease of cleaning.
The latent image placed on this insulating surface 76 by the
control recording head 72, which may consist of any of the
previously shown types of recording head is developed in toner 14
and then transferred to the copy paper 10 by a transfer roller 78.
In order to effect efficient transfer, a high electrical potential
may be connected between rollers 78 and 74 to aid in
electrostatically transferring the image from the drum to the
paper. Residual image is removed from insulating surface 76 by a
cleaning brush 80.
In this example, the highly insulating liquid was a petroleum
solvent, (Isopar G manufactured by Humble Oil and Refining
Company), but any high flash point, high resistance liquid could be
used such as other members of the Isopar series, or Stoddard
solvent. The high resistance, highly insulating liquid should
preferably be one which is compatible with the developer.
The developer used comprised a black pigment dispersed in a
hydrocarbon mixture (Hunt 25-49) diluted to 1/8 percent by volume
developer in Isopar G.
For best results, the development step should be timed so that
background noise will decay and its developed density be very low
or nonexistent. If too long a time factor is involved, the paper
recording medium (not being a very good insulator) will allow the
image also to decay to a point where adequate density is not
obtainable upon development.
* * * * *