U.S. patent number 3,785,620 [Application Number 05/149,230] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-15 for mixing apparatus and method.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sulzer Brothers Ltd.. Invention is credited to Max Huber.
United States Patent |
3,785,620 |
Huber |
January 15, 1974 |
MIXING APPARATUS AND METHOD
Abstract
The mixable media are passed in uniflow relation through one or
more packing elements composed of corrugated lamellas so that a
thorough mixing takes place within the packing elements. The
corrugations of adjacent lamellas are oriented in different
directions while adjacent packing elements are angularly offset
from each other.
Inventors: |
Huber; Max (Winterthur,
CH) |
Assignee: |
Sulzer Brothers Ltd.
(Winterthur, CH)
|
Family
ID: |
25686299 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/149,230 |
Filed: |
June 2, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Apr 29, 1971 [CH] |
|
|
6303/71 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
366/175.2;
261/98; 261/103; 261/DIG.72; 261/112.2; 366/181.5; 366/340 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01J
19/305 (20130101); B01J 15/005 (20130101); B01J
19/32 (20130101); B01F 5/0643 (20130101); B01J
16/005 (20130101); B01J 2219/3221 (20130101); B01J
2219/32279 (20130101); B01J 2219/32268 (20130101); Y10S
261/72 (20130101); B01J 2219/32255 (20130101); B01J
2219/32206 (20130101); B01J 2219/32408 (20130101); B01J
2219/32213 (20130101); B01J 2219/32237 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B01J
19/32 (20060101); B01J 19/30 (20060101); B01J
15/00 (20060101); B01J 16/00 (20060101); B01F
5/06 (20060101); B01f 005/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;259/4,95,DIG.30
;23/283,291 ;261/101 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wilhite; Billy J.
Assistant Examiner: Cantor; Alan I.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Kenyon & Kenyon Reilly Carr
& Chapin
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A mixing apparatus comprising
a first means for defining a passageway along a longitudinal axis
thereof for the flow of at least two mixable media therethrough in
concurrent flow relation;
at least two packing elements disposed in said passageway for the
flow of the media therethrough, each said packing element including
a plurality of lamellas in contact with each other and in parallel
relation to said longitudinal axis, each lamella having
corrugations thereon with the corrugations of sequentially arranged
lamellas being oriented in different directions and with the
corrugations of at least one of two sequentially arranged lamellas
relative to the direction of media flow being disposed at an angle
to said longitudinal axis of said means, and each said packing
element being angularly offset to an adjacent packing element about
said longitudinal axis of said means at an angle not more than
90.degree.; and
means disposed on one side of said packing elements for introducing
at least two mixable media into said passageway to flow through
said packing elements in the same direction relative to said
longitudinal axis for mixing therein.
2. A mixing apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said
corrugations of said lamellas are of substantially equal slope and
said corrugations of adjacent lamellas are disposed in an
intersecting direction.
3. A mixing apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein each packing
element includes a number of equally-sized part-packing elements in
contact with each other.
4. A mixing apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein each said
lamella is unperforated.
5. A mixing apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein each said
lamella is made of a metal weave.
6. A mixing apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein each lamella
has a plurality of spaced perforations therein for the passage of a
flowable medium therethrough from one side to the opposite
side.
7. A method of mixing at least two mixable media which comprises
the steps of
directing two mixable media in a concurrent flow direction through
a common passageway, and
passing the media into and through at least two packing elements
within said passageway wherein each packing element includes a
plurality of lamellas in contact with each other and in parallel
relation to said flow direction, each lamella having corrugations
thereon with the corrugations of sequentially arranged lamellas
being oriented in different directions and with the corrugations of
at least one of two sequentially arranged lamellas relative to the
direction of media flow being disposed at an angle to the axis of
flow, and each said packing element being angularly offset to an
adjacent packing element about said axis of flow, the media being
mixed within the packing elements.
Description
This invention relates to a mixing apparatus and method.
It is an object of the invention to obtain an efficient rapid
mixing of one or more media in a relatively short distance.
It is another object of the invention to obtain efficient mixing of
different mixable media.
It is another object of the invention to mix various media together
in vessels of large cross-section while achieving a high degree of
uniformity.
Briefly, the invention provides a mixing apparatus and method for
media which are directed to flow in a uniflow relation. The
apparatus utilizes packing elements in the path of flow which
serves to mix the various media together both by longitudinal and
transverse mixing. Each packing element includes a plurality of
lamellas in contact with each other, each of which has corrugations
thereon with the corrugations of sequentially arranged lamellas
being oriented in different directions. In addition, the
corrugations of at least one of two sequentially arranged lamellas
relative to the direction of media flow are disposed at an angle to
the axis of the apparatus. Also, the adjacent packing elements abut
and are angularly offset to each other about the axis of the
apparatus to enhance mixing.
The method effects the directing of two mixable media in a single
flow direction through the above packing elements so as to achieve
a longitudinally and transverse mixing of the part-flows of the
media within the elements. This allows the media or mass to be
uniformly mixed together or homogenized in a relatively short
length.
The basis of the invention is the surprising recognition that the
information of packing elements that are of themselves known for
counterflow substance-interchange columns, for example,
rectification columns, into a mixing apparatus makes it possible to
obtain excellent mixing together of fluid media passing through in
uniflow. These media include two or more liquids or gases, or a
number of gas mixtures, or a liquid with a gas. Also, very viscous
media and particles of solid substances that are capable of flowing
can be mixed.
The invention is particularly advantageous for mixing apparatus of
relatively large diameter, e.g. more than 50 millimeters (mm) such
as tubes or vessels, because, even in such contrivances, any lack
of uniformity can be quickly corrected by the good transverse
mixing achieved by the packing elements.
In one embodiment, perforations are provided at spaced apart
positions in the lamellas in order to further improve the mixing
effect since part-quantities of the fluid mediums are able to flow
through a lamella from one side to the other.
Under certain conditions, it may also be advantageous to dispose an
uncorrugated lamella between two corrugated lamella in a
filler.
The mixing apparatus according to the invention can be used to
carry out various processes such as:
A. For the mixing of two liquids: The neutralization of an acid,
for example, a waste acid from pickling baths, by the aid of a lye.
The lamella could, for example, consist of synthetic material.
B. For mixing a gas with a liquid: A hydrogenation process; or the
chlorination of water.
c. For mixing two gases together: Oxygen and ammonia for producing
nitric acid.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become
more apparent from the following detailed description and appended
claims taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in
which:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a mixing apparatus with two
superposed packing elements offset 90.degree. relative to one
another;
FIGS. 1a and 1b schematically illustrate views taken along lines
1a-1a and 1b-1b of FIG. 1 to show the orientation of the lamellas
in vertically adjacent packing elements;
FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of the individual lamellas of
a packing element;
FIG. 3a illustrates a lengthwise cross-sectional view of a packing
element including a number of equally sized packing elements in
contact with each other;
FIG. 3b illustrates a cross-sectional view of the packing element
of FIG. 3a; and
FIG. 3c illustrates a perspective view of the packing element of
FIGS. 3a and 3b.
Referring to FIG. 1, the mixing apparatus has a cylindrical
circular tube 1 for defining a passageway along a longitudinal
axis. Alternatively, the tube 1 can be of any suitable
cross-section, for example, square. Also, the tube 1 may be set
either vertically or horizontally.
The tube 1 has a lower flange 2 for connecting to a pipe supplying
a fluid medium a and an upper flange 3 for connecting to an outflow
pipe for the mixture, or for the chemical compound c, whereby c is
formed of the components a and a fluid medium b introduced into the
mixing apparatus through a tube 4. In addition, two packing
elements 5a, 5b are superposed in the tube 1 and are offset
90.degree. relative to one another (see FIGS. 1a and 1b).
Referring to FIG. 2, each packing element has corrugated lamellas 6
which adjoin one another to form the element. The element can then
be pushed into the tube 1 of the mixing apparatus. As shown,
different sizes of individual lamellas are used which increase from
the two outsides toward the middle so that a cylindrical shape
results. The lamellas, of which only four are shown accurately and
the remainder schematically, are made of sheet metal, and are
perforated at spaced apart positions to produce an improved mixing
together of the fluid mediums in the packing element. In addition,
the corrugations of each lamella are of substantially equal slope
and the corrugations of adjacent lamellas are directed so that they
intersect.
The dots of FIG. 1 show schematically the distribution of the
medium b in the medium a within the mixing apparatus. In the case
where the mixing apparatus is of very large diameter, it may be
advantageous to make each packing element of a number of parts.
As shown, the packing elements 5a, 5b are adapted to the inner
cross-section of the tube 1 of the mixing apparatus. Because each
two adjacent packing elements 5a, 5b are offset relative to one
another, preferably at an angle of 90.degree., excellent
distribution is produced and thereby excellent mixing together of
the two fluid mediums passing in uniflow (i.e. concurrent) through
the apparatus. If, in the case of certain mixing processes, there
simultaneously occurs a chemical reaction, then because of the
lateral mixing, any maldistribution or irregular course of reaction
that might occur is compensated for.
Referring to FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3 c, a packing element as described
above can include a number of equally sized part packing elements
in contact with each other as shown. The construction of each part
packing element is similar to that described above.
The invention thus provides an apparatus in which two or more
flowable media can be suitably mixed in longitudinal and transverse
directions by directing the media part-flows in a plurality of
criss-crossing zig-zag paths through the length of the packing
elements. The mixing action obtained is such that a homogenous
mixture is easily and rapidly obtained over a relatively short tube
length.
It is also noted that, in the case of chemical reactions, the
apparatus of the invention permits a considerable improvement in
the heat transfer from the flowable media during reaction through
the outer walls of the apparatus.
* * * * *