U.S. patent number 3,784,072 [Application Number 05/134,266] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-08 for strip shape correction in galvanising line.
This patent grant is currently assigned to British Steel Corporation. Invention is credited to David Alun Armstrong, Kenneth Gill Lewis.
United States Patent |
3,784,072 |
Armstrong , et al. |
January 8, 1974 |
STRIP SHAPE CORRECTION IN GALVANISING LINE
Abstract
A method of correcting planar disconformities in moving metal
(e.g., ferromagnetic) sheet, in which a said disconformity from a
predetermined plane is detected, (e.g., by a magnetic field
detector), and in which the sheet is flexed (e.g., by
electromagnets) in dependence on the degree of disconformity from
the plane, the flexing being of such sense and magnitude as to urge
the sheet to conform to the plane.
Inventors: |
Armstrong; David Alun
(Glamorgan, WA), Lewis; Kenneth Gill (Glamorgan,
WA) |
Assignee: |
British Steel Corporation
(London, EN)
|
Family
ID: |
10104297 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/134,266 |
Filed: |
April 15, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Apr 15, 1970 [GB] |
|
|
17,964/70 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
226/1; 226/10;
226/45; 226/93 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B21D
1/00 (20130101); B21B 38/02 (20130101); C23C
2/20 (20130101); C23C 2/003 (20130101); C21D
9/56 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C21D
9/56 (20060101); C23C 2/14 (20060101); C23C
2/18 (20060101); B21B 38/02 (20060101); B21B
38/00 (20060101); B21D 1/00 (20060101); B65h
023/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;226/1,10,15,45,93,94,24,45 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Schacher; Richard A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Bacon & Thomas
Claims
We claim:
1. A method of controlling a moving ferromagnetic sheet to conform
to a predetermined plane, comprising: detecting in the sheet a
disconformity from the plane, and flexing the sheet by means of a
magnetic field in dependency of the degree of the disconformity
from the plane, the flexing being of such sense and magnitude as to
urge the sheet to conform the plane.
2. Apparatus for controlling a moving ferromagnetic sheet to
conform to a predetermined plane and to correct planar
disconformities, comprising: means for detecting in the sheet a
disconformity from the plane, and means comprising a magnetic field
for flexing the sheet in dependency on the degree of the
disconformity from the plane so that the sheet is urged to conform
to the plane.
3. A method for controlling a moving metal sheet to conform to a
predetermined plane comprising: detecting disconformity of the
sheet from the predetermined plane, applying directly to the sheet
at the region of the disconformity a force which has a component
normal to the sheet surface and which is dependent on the degree of
disconformity, the force being of such size and magnitude as to
urge the sheet to conform to the plane.
4. Apparatus for controlling a moving metal sheet to conform to a
predetermined plane, comprising: means for detecting disconformity
of the sheet from the plane together with means for applying
directly to the sheet at the region of the disconformity a force
which has a component normal to the sheet surface and which is
dependent on the degree of disconformity, so that the sheet is
urged to conform to the plane.
5. Apparatus for correcting planar disconformities in a moving
ferromagnetic sheet, comprising: means for detecting in the sheet a
disconformity from a predetermined plane, said means comprising a
plurality of disconformity detectors distributed laterally of the
sheet and closely spaced therefrom, the detectors being
independently operative to detect said disconformities; and means
for flexing the sheet in dependence on the degree of the
disconformity from said plane by subjecting it to a magnetic field
so that the sheet is urged to conform to said plane, the magnetic
field being developed by a plurality of electromagnets selectively
energisable by said detectors.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein there are two banks of
detectors and electromagnets, the sheet passing between the banks,
the detectors in one bank controlling the electromagnets in the
other bank.
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein the detectors are
magnetic field detectors.
8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein a said detector
comprises means to compare the reluctance of two magnetic circuits
on opposite sides of the sheet, the difference between the
reluctances varying according to the disconformity of the sheet
from the predetermined plane.
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein a said detector
comprises means to compare the reluctance of a magnetic circuit in
operation containing the sheet and the reluctance of a magnetic
circuit containing a dummy load, the reluctance of the magnetic
circuit containing the sheet varying according to the disconformity
of the sheet from the predetermined plane.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein a bridge circuit is
connected to a said detector such that a disconformity in the sheet
unbalances the bridge circuit to energise one or more said
electromagnets.
11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein an electronic feedback
amplifier is connected to a said detector such that a disconformity
in the sheet alters the amplifier output to energise one or more
said electromagnets.
12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein the detectors are
capacitance detectors.
13. Apparatus as claimed in claim 12 wherein the detectors are
connected in tuned circuits such that a disconformity in the sheet
de-tunes a said circuit to energise a said electromagnet.
Description
This invention relates to a method of, and apparatus for correcting
planar disconformities in moving metal sheet, especially
ferromagnetic sheet. The disconformities for example may be due to
the "shape" of the sheet or due to momentary twisting or flexing of
the sheet. The term "metal sheet" is used in this specification to
include metal strip.
In the production of galvanised strip, the strip issues from a bath
of molten zinc at a high speed and the thickness of the zinc
coating is controlled by a series of jets or a knife edge jet (air
or super-heated steam) directed on to each side of the strip to
blow the excess zinc back into the bath. The closer these jets are
to the surface of the strip the thinner is the coating of zinc, but
it is difficult to produce a thin coat because deviations of the
strip from the intended plane alter the strip/nozzle distance and
in extreme cases the strip can scrape against the jet assembly and
fowl the orifice. The deviations from the intended plane can arise
from the natural modes of vibration of the strip or from bad shape
or from a combination of both. As a result, the galvanised strip is
damaged, and further, the thickness of the coating is
non-uniform.
It is an object of the hereafter specifically described and
illustrated embodiment of the invention to overcome or at least
mitigate this problem, but in its broad aspects the invention is
not limited to this object.
From one aspect the present invention provides a method of
correcting planar disconformities in moving metal sheet in which a
said disconformity from a predetermined plane is detected, and in
which the sheet is flexed in dependence on the degree of the
disconformity from the plane, the flexing being of such sense and
magnitude as to urge the sheet to conform to the plane. The sheet
may be ferromagnetic sheet and may be flexed by a magnetic
field.
From another aspect, the invention provides apparatus for
correcting planar disconformities in moving metal sheet comprising
means for detecting a said disconformity from a predetermined
plane, and means for flexing the sheet in dependence on the degree
of the disconformity from the plane so that the sheet is urged to
conform to the plane.
When the means for flexing are adapted to flex the sheet by means
of a magnetic field, the means for detecting may comprise a
plurality of disconformity detectors arranged so that in operation
they are distributed laterally of the sheet and closely spaced
therefrom, the detectors being independently operative to detect
said disconformities, the means for flexing comprising a plurality
of electromagnets selectively energisable by the detectors to
develop said magnetic field.
There may be two banks of detectors and electromagnets, the banks
being arranged so that in operation the sheet passes between them,
the detectors in one bank controlling the electromagnets in the
other bank.
The detectors may conveniently be magnetic field detectors, but
alternatively they may be capacitance detectors or ultrasonic
transducers, back-pressure air gauges, etc. Alternatively, optical
or microwave techniques may be employed.
A said magnetic field detector may be arranged to compare the
reluctance of a magnetic circuit in operation containing the sheet
and the reluctance of a magnetic circuit containing a dummy load,
the reluctance of the magnetic circuit containing the sheet varying
according to the disconformity of the sheet from the predetermined
plane.
Alternatively a said detector may be arranged to compare the
reluctances of two magnetic circuits on opposite sides of the
sheet, the difference between the reluctances varying according to
the disconformity of the sheet from the predetermined plane.
A detector may be connected to a bridge circuit such that a
disconformity in the sheet unbalances the bridge circuit to
energise one or more said electromagnets.
Alternatively, a detector may be connected to electronic feedback
amplifier such that a disconformity in the sheet alters the
amplifier output to energise one or more said electromagnets.
When the detectors are capacitance detectors, they may be connected
in tuned circuits such that a disconformity in the sheet de-tunes a
said circuit to energise a said electromagnet.
The invention is of particular utility when incorporated in
apparatus for coating moving sheet or strip material where it is
necessary for the strip to be momentarily maintained in an
accurately planar configuration. For example, it may be
incorporated in galvanising lines as mentioned above, to avoid
fouling jet nozzles, and to control the coating thinkness. It may
also be advantageously employed in spray or powder coating plants
where uniform depositions are required.
Thus, the thickness of a coating on the sheet may be controlled by
urging the sheet to conform to the predetermined plane.
Normally, the strip would be maintained in a plane equidistantly
spaced between the jet nozzles or other coating controlling
apparatus so as to have a uniform coating applied but it could
conveniently be displaced so that a differential coating is applied
on the two sides of the strip.
Thus the coating apparatus may be adapted for coating both sides of
the sheet, one with a thicker coating than the other, the means for
flexing being adapted to urge the sheet to conform to a said plane
which is unequally spaced from means for controlling the coating
thickness on respective sides of the sheet. For example, when two
banks of electromagnets are provided, the electromagnetic field of
one bank may be biassed (made stronger) so that the sheet or strip
is displaced towards that bank.
In order that the invention may be fully understood one embodiment
thereof will now be specifically described, by way of example only,
in connection with a hot dip galvanising line with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic side elevation of a hot dipping
plant in a galvanising line;
FIG. 2 illustrates an end elevation of this plant;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the detectors and electro-magnets
and their associated circuitry, and
FIGS. 4 and 5 show alternative forms of detectors.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2 in the drawings, preheated strip
steel 1 issuing from a gaseous heating chamber passes through a
sealed muffler 2 into a molten zinc plating bath 3. The strip
passes around a roller 4 and bears against a further roller 5
before issuing upwardly out from this bath towards a cooling and
drying zone.
As the strip issues from the bath steam issuing from a series of
jets 6 plays upon it from opposite sides to control the zinc
coating and blow any excess zinc back into the bath so as to
provide a uniform coating on the strip.
The apparatus thus far described is conventional.
In order now to constrain the strip to lie in a predetermined
median or mid-plane equidistantly between these jets as it passes
by them there is located adjacent to these jets two opposed banks
of magnetic members, between which the strip passes. The members
comprise proximity detectors 7 and electro-magnets 8. The detectors
and magnets are distributed laterally of the strip side-by-side on
each side thereof with a detector and an associated magnet lying
opposite one another on opposite sides of the strip, e.g., as shown
in FIG. 3.
In particular, referring now to this figure, a detector 7 is in the
form of a ferrite core 10 shaped in the manner of a letter H (two
back-to-back U-shaped cores may suffice here). The core is
energised by an A.C. source 11 and two A.C. windings 12, 13 are
wound in opposite senses on one of its side limbs on either side of
the centre limb about which, in turn, is wound a centre-tapped
detector coil 14. This coil is connected to a processing circuit 15
for energising the electro-magnet 8 associated with this detector
in dependence on the output from the detector as will be
described.
A dummy load 16 is located adjacent the detector core, the latter
being equidistantly spaced between this load and the steel strip
1.
With this arrangement, then with the strip 1 lying centrally in the
magnetic circuits created by the detectors, there is no output from
the detector coils 14 and the electro-magnets remain de-energised.
Should the strip passing these detectors exhibit "bad shape,"
however, so that it bows outwardly from the mid-plane, e.g. as
shown in the chain-dotted outline, the reluctance of the magnetic
circuit including the strip differs from the reluctance of the
circuit including the dummy load and, as a result, a finite output
signal is developed across the detector coil.
This signal is applied to the processing circuit 15 which, for a
signal of one sign, i.e., indicative of the strip bowing towards
the detector, develops a d.c. output of a magnitude directly
related to this signal for energising the associated electro-magnet
8. The processing circuit 15 includes an electronic bridge circuit
or a feedback amplifier which if the deformation of the strip
exceeds a threshold value, energises the electromagnet and adjusts
the energisation according to the extent of the deformation. On
energisation, the attractive force developed by the electromagnet 8
is operative on the strip to draw it back towards the mid-plane
whereupon the detector output falls to zero, realising the
equilibrium condition again so that the strip tends to remain in
this position as it passes by the jet nozzles. As a result any
tendency for the strip to foul these nozzles is minimised. Because
each electromagnet 8 is energised only if the strip bows towards
the detector 7 controlling the electromagnet, the detectors are
arranged alternately on opposite sides of the strip so that bowing
in either sense can be corrected.
An alternative form of proximity detector is shown in FIG. 4. The
detector comprises a pair of U-shaped nickel-iron laminated cores
20, 21 disposed one on each side of the strip 1. The cores are
energised by an A.C. source (not shown) via drive windings 22, 24.
A detector coil 26, 27 is provided on each core 20, 21 the coils
being connected in series and such that voltages induced in the
coils are subtracted from each other. The strip 1 forms a magnetic
circuit with each of the cores as indicated by the arrows 23, the
reluctance of each magnetic circuit being dependent on the distance
between the strip and the cores 20, 21. When the strip is in its
median plane equidistant from each core 20, 21 the reluctances of
the two magnetic circuits are equal and the induced voltages in the
detector coils are equal and opposite. When the strip is deformed
out of the median plane, the reluctances of the magnetic circuits
becomes unequal and the induced voltages in the coils 26, 27 also
are no longer equal. Thus an A.C. voltage appears at output
terminals 29.
There is a phase shift of 180.degree. between the voltage produced
by a leftward deformation of the strip and by a rightward
deformation. This enables the output voltage to be electronically
processed to provide a D.C. signal whose magnitude indicates the
size of the deformation and whose polarity indicates the direction
of the deformation.
The D.C. signal is then fed to a bridge circuit or a feedback
amplifier which controls the energisation of the electromagnet
according to the degree of deformation of the strip, as mentioned
in connection with the FIG. 3 apparatus.
A suitable arrangement of electromagnets for the FIG. 4 detector is
in groups of six, three on each side of the strip, each group of
six being provided with a detector. Correction of the strip shape
in either direction then is available by energising either the
three electromagnets of the group on one side of the strip, or the
three electromagnets on the other side.
FIG. 5 shows another form of detectors, similar to that of FIG. 4
except that the cores 20, 21 are E-shaped, and a single drive coil
30 is provided on the centre arm of each core. The detectors coils
26, 27 are connected in series as in FIG. 4, to provide an output
which has the same characteristics as the output 29 in that
figure.
Although the invention has been described with reference to the
particular embodiment illustrated it is to be understood that
various modifications and alterations may be made without departing
from the scope of this invention. For example, it is not essential
to use magnetic proximity detectors and, as mentioned above, a
variety of other forms of detectors may be used. A bank of
capacitive probes may be employed, for example, each probe
comprising an inner disc surrounded by an outer earthed guard ring.
The disc and the strip may be connected in a tuned circuit so that
any change in the capacitance occasioned by movement of the strip
out of the mid-plane de-tunes the circuit causing an associated
electromagnet to be energised.
Another scheme which may be employed is to focus a light beam on to
the strip and then monitor the area of the spot if the strip bows
then the area will increase and corrective action may be taken by
energising the electromagnets as before. Alternatively,
back-pressure air gauging or even ultra-sonic or micro-wave
measuring techniques may be utilised.
It is not necessary furthermore for these banks of detectors and
electro-magnets to be disposed on both sides of the strip -- they
may be located on one side only provided that they are biassed so
as to detect not only the magnitude but the sense of any strip
movement. Further, they could be located "upstream" of the steam
jets instead of "downstream" as shown.
* * * * *