U.S. patent number 3,783,449 [Application Number 05/251,077] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-08 for bullet-proof protective armor and method of making same.
Invention is credited to Richard C. Davis.
United States Patent |
3,783,449 |
Davis |
January 8, 1974 |
BULLET-PROOF PROTECTIVE ARMOR AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME
Abstract
A bullet-proof armor formed of a pad made of a number of loose
sheets woven of heavy gauge, linearly oriented nylon threads, the
pad being enclosed within a cloth envelope, and means for holding
the envelope containing the pad upon the object to be protected.
The sheets are treated by subjecting them to super-cooling in a
cryogenic atmosphere to thereby increase their impact resistance
capabilities.
Inventors: |
Davis; Richard C. (Romulus,
MI) |
Family
ID: |
22950381 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/251,077 |
Filed: |
May 8, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
2/2.5; 428/911;
428/100 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41H
1/02 (20130101); Y10T 428/24017 (20150115); Y10S
428/911 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41H
1/00 (20060101); F41H 1/02 (20060101); F41h
001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;2/2.5 ;161/404 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Guest; Alfred R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cantor; Bernard J.
Claims
Having fully described an operative embodiment of this invention, I
now claim:
1. A bullet-proof protective armor comprising:
a relatively flexible pad formed of a number of sheets, such as one
to two dozen sheets, of cloth arranged in face to face relationship
and secured together along one edge, with the sheets being
substantially free of positive securement together between their
opposite edge portions for relative flexing of each of the
sheets;
said cloth being of a tightly woven material formed of heavy, nylon
thread, such as roughly on the order of 1,050 denier;
and means for positioning and holding the pad upon an object to be
protected, for stopping bullets and the like missiles impacted
against said pad.
2. An armor as defined in claim 1, and wherein the nylon material
has a molecular structure resulting from linearly orienting the
molecules and then subjecting the material to a cryogenic,
super-cold temperature, relatively near absolute zero for a
relatively short period of time, such as on the order of roughly a
few hours.
3. An armor as defined in claim 1, and said pad being encased
within a flat, cloth-like envelope having attached straps for
fastening the pad upon the body of a wearer of the armor;
and including a pocket formed within the envelope and opening at
one edge thereof, the pocket being arranged within the pad, between
the sheets thereof, and a metal insert plate, arranged within and
being removable from said pocket, so that the plate is arranged
between the sheets forming the pad and may be removed and replaced
as desired.
4. A construction as defined in claim 1, and comprising:
said pad being encased within a flat, clothlike envelope; and
a pocket formed within the envelope and opening at one edge
thereof, the pocket being arranged within the pad, between the
sheets thereof, and a metal insert plate removably arranged within
said pocket.
Description
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Bullet-proof protective armor or personal use by human beings, has
been made in the past out of metal plates or suitable plastic,
bullet resistant, plates fastened together in some way to fit
around the wearer's body, particularly his torso. Such type armor
available until now, has been very heavy and stiff thus making it
extremely uncomfortable for wear by persons.
In addition, the bullet stopping capabilities of such prior armor
has been severely limited since, as a general rule, the bullet
stopping capacity has been directly related to the thickness, and
thus the weight, of such materials. Hence, a truly effective
bullet-proofing material of the past available types, is much too
heavy to be ordinarily worn by a person.
At best, they could have been worm only for a short time and even
then, the limitations on weight have resulted in armor which in
fact, will not stop high powered rifle or pistol bullets or those
fired at very close range, such as point blank or virtually against
the armor.
Thus, there is a need for a relatively lightweight, flexible,
easily worn, body armor particularly for use by such class of
persons as police officers during normal or relatively known to be
dangerous duties and which are capable of stopping a high powered
bullet or one fired at very close range, particularly for
protection of the wearer's torso. Thus, the invention herein
relates to a body protective armor, particularly useful for normal
wearing by a person, although adaptable to protective use on other
inanimate objects, and which fulfills the above requirements.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
In general, the invention herein contemplates forming a
bullet-proof pad made of sheets of woven, linearly oriented, nylon
threads, of a heavy gauge, with the sheets being relatively loose,
that is fastened, at most, along their edges, with little, if any
fastening between their edges so as to permit relative flexing.
Such a pad may be supported against a human torso by enclosing it
within a cloth envelope and providing suitable shoulder straps and
the like for fastening it to the human body.
When such a pad is made of a suitable number of layers of the woven
nylon cloth, as for example about 1 to 2 dozen layers and probably
optimumly in the order of 18 layers or so, the pad will stop most
common bullets, even at point blank range of only a few inches
between the muzzle of the fire arm and the pad. For stopping the
few types of extremely high powered or so-called armor piercing
bullets, the device may include an additional metal plate insert,
usable only when known to be necessary, to cooperate with the pad
in stopping even these types of bullets.
The invention further contemplates treating the cloth cryogenically
in a manner to increase its bullet stopping capacity. In the
absence of such treatment, additional cloth layers, such as
one-half to twice as many may be required. Thus, by means of such
treatment, the number of cloth layers may be reduced, thus reducing
the weight.
Hence, the invention herein contemplates providing a bullet-proof
material which is sufficiently lightweight, such as on the order of
five pounds or so for complete protection, and sufficiently
flexible so as to move with the wearer's body, that is may be
normally worn by police officers and others who are engaged in
relatively dangerous activity where bullets and similar missiles
may be expected, but at unexpected times.
These and other objects and advantages of this invention will
become apparent, upon reading the following description, of which
the attached drawings form a part.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a form of the protective
armor herein which may be worn by a person for protecting the front
and rear of his torso.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view, taken in the direction
of arrows 2--2 of FIG. 1 and including the protective insert metal
plate.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the cloth blank used for forming
the pad containing envelope.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of one section, including the outer
envelope, of the armor and illustrates the metal plate which may
optionally be used therewith.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view, enlarged and fragmentary, of the
bullet-proof pad.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the pad per se.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken in the direction of arrows
7--7 of FIG. 1, to an enlarged scale, including showing the
optionally usable metal plate.
FIG. 8 is an enlarged, cross-sectional perspective view of the
metal insert.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a portion of the insert.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to FIG. 1, the bullet-proof protective armor, generally
designated at 10, may be made with a front body section 11 and a
rear body protective section 12 connected together by means of
suitable shoulder straps 13, which fit over the shoulders of the
wear for suspending the sections fore and aft of his body, with a
suitable body encircling belt 14 extending around the sections and
the wearer's body, near the waist thereof.
In this form of armor, each protective section is made of a cloth
envelope 15 (see FIGS. 2, 4 and 7) which may be made of a single
piece of cloth folded in half, to form a front and rear cloth body
covering portion 16, with upwardly extending portions 17. The
adjacent edges of the body portion part 16 and extensions 17 may be
stitched together by suitable stitching 18. Thereafter, the
extensions 17 are reversely tucked into the envelope to form a
central pocket 19 for removably receiving a metal insert plate 20
for increasing the protective capabilities of the armor when
needed.
The envelope 15 is simply a container for the bullet-proof
protective pad 21. This pad is made of layers 22 of the cloth which
is woven out of heavy gauge, linearly oriented, nylon thread, with
a tight weave. By either suitably folding the cloth back and forth,
or else by the use of suitable stitching, the sheets or layers
making up the pad are connected together along one edge 23 and are
otherwise substantially free of connection so as to be relatively
flexible, one sheet relative to the next. Although some stitching
or fastening may be needed to keep the sheets properly together,
essentially, the sheets are free to individually flex or move to a
considerable extent. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the pad
forming layers or sheets may be stitched together by stitches 24 at
their lower corners and also by stitches 25 at their upper corners
which also connect the ends of the shoulder straps to the pad which
stitches may be further extended to also connect the envelope to
the pad.
While the number of layers or sheets of cloth may be varied to meet
specific requirements, by way of example, 17 and 18 layers, when
suitably treated as described below, formed of stretch of linearly
oriented nylon of approximately 1,050 denier, will stop a 45
caliber bullet fired from a pistol with the muzzle located right at
the pad surface. Within a range of a few inches up to a foot,
virtually all hand gun bullets as well as rifle bullets will be
stopped. This includes such relatively high powered weapons as a
357 magnum, as well as low powered 22 caliber rifle bullets, 38
caliber pistol bullets, and the like. For protection against so
called high speed or armor piercing type bullets, the metal plate
20 may be inserted, as described above, giving the additional
stopping ability needed for these types of missiles.
The specific type of nylon used may vary as may the degree of
linear orientation, as this will affect the number of layers
required, requiring the addition of one or two or more layers to be
added or perhaps removed, as the case may be.
Apparently, the nylon material absorbs the energy of the bullet or
similar missile in the form of a heat energy which may melt or
partially melt the points of impact and the closely surrounding
areas of the pad, thus stopping the bullet before actual
penetration. In many cases, the bullet will simply bounce off the
pad, without penetrating at all.
METHOD OF TREATING CLOTH
In order to increase the bullet stopping capacity of the pad, the
cloth from which the pad is made, either before or after the pad is
assembled, is treated in the following manner:
First, the cloth is annealed at a temperature below the melting
point of the plastic, for a short time, to relieve a part of the
molecular stresses, assuming it has not been annealed or stress
relieved in the manufacture of the thread. One suitable method for
providing such an annealing step is by immersing the cloth in
boiling oil at about 325.degree. F for roughly 15 minutes. A light
oil such as on the order of SAE 5 has been found to be suitable for
this purpose. The times and temperatures are not critical, but may
vary depending upon the specific material used.
Next, the cloth material is dried out to remove moisture therefrom.
Any conventional suitable drying process may be used. The object is
to remove as much as possible of the moisture contained in the
material, since nylon has a tendency to absorb moisture.
Thereafter, the cloth either in sheet form or after assembly into
pads, is treated cryogenically for a period of time. For example,
the cloth is immersed in a cryogenic atmosphere, as near as can be
practically obtained in commercial production to absolute zero, for
a few hours. Thus, in commercial production, it may be placed at a
temperature of roughly about minus 400.degree. F and kept there for
anywhere from 3 to 6 hours until it molecularly stabilizes.
Thereafter, the cloth is removed from the cryogenic atmosphere and
permitted to gradually return to room temperature.
The chemical and physical effects upon the material do to this
cryogenic immersion is not known. Nor is the specific temperature
or time apparently critical, the same being variable within rather
wide degrees.
However, the net result is that the material, apparently the
molecular structure of the material, is in some way altered so as
to substantially increase its ability to resist the impact and
penetration of bullets and similar missiles. With this treatment,
the number of sheets used in a pad for almost all bullet stopping
purposes, may be kept on an order of 18 layers, give or take a few
layers. Without it, the number of sheets required is about half
again to twice as many layers.
After the super-cooling treatment of the material, it is desirable
to replace moisture in the material and this can be accomplished
simply by means of immersing the material, after it has returned to
approximately room temperature, in boiling water for about 15
minutes or a little longer. This saturates the material with
moisture again.
The next step, after replacing the moisture, is to dry the material
to a point where it is suitable to handle and use, and then
assemble the pad into the envelope described above.
There are relatively wide variances in the times and temperatures
of the foregoing treatment which seem to be related to the specific
chemical composition of the particular nylon used. Thus, some trial
and error is required to obtain optimum times and temperatures and
even then, variations within reason, seem not to affect the
characteristics of the material in stopping bullets, in any
substantial manner.
The pad when assembled into the bullet-proof armor, in a size
suitable to protect the torso of a human being, may be on the order
of about 93/4 inches by 141/2 inches in size, with a thickness of
approximately one-half inch, giving a weight of approximately 21/4
pounds per armor section. Thus, the entire armor may weigh
something on the order of less than five pounds.
Of course, the size of the armor may be increased substantially to
cover more of the body of the wearer, in which case there will be
some slight additional weight. Also, the armor may be so shaped as
to protect inanimate objects.
The armor itself is sufficiently lightweight and flexible that it
may be comfortably worn by such persons as police officers during
even normal, as well as dangerous assignments, for protecting the
wearer at all times.
Preferably the envelope is made of the same cloth material as is
the pad, thus providing two additional layers to the pad. Also the
belt 14 may be secured to the envelope and the ends of the belt
secured together by stitching "Velcro" type cloth patches 26 in the
appropriate places. This conventional cloth is formed with napped
fibers which interengage to secure opposing patches together.
To make the insert place flexible enough to bend and conform to the
curvature of the wearer's body, it is formed of a number of edge to
edge aligned pairs of thin steel plate sections 27-28 (e.g.,
one-eighth inch thick), with the joints between the pairs
overlapped by a narrower cover plate 29 and all of the plates
enclosed with a flexible cloth cover material 30 adhesively secured
to the plates. Preferably such cloth cover is formed of wide
plastic adhesive tape (e.g., about 3 inch wide tape), wound around
and adhered to the plates. Thus the overlapped, aligned plate
sections may flex or move relative to the original flat plain of
the insert as indicated in dotted lines in FIG. 8. The insert is
thereby relatively flexible in the direction transverse to the
joints.
* * * * *