U.S. patent number 3,782,629 [Application Number 05/240,675] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-01 for flow control in ornamental fountains.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Rain Jet Corp.. Invention is credited to John O. Hruby, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,782,629 |
Hruby, Jr. |
January 1, 1974 |
FLOW CONTROL IN ORNAMENTAL FOUNTAINS
Abstract
An ornamental fountain is comprised of a discharge nozzle and a
mounting base through which water is supplied to the nozzle. Two
pairs of water supply ducts communicate to a chamber within the
base. One pair of ducts is coaxially aligned opposite each other
diametrically of the chamber, and the other pair of ducts
communicates tangentially of the chamber. Water for the fountain is
supplied to the nozzle via either pair of ducts so that, depending
upon the pair of ducts used, the fountain pattern has one or the
other of two distinctly different aesthetic characteristics.
Inventors: |
Hruby, Jr.; John O. (Burbank,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Rain Jet Corp. (Burbank,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
26777490 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/240,675 |
Filed: |
April 3, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
87886 |
Nov 9, 1970 |
3705686 |
Dec 12, 1972 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
239/17;
239/463 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B05B
17/08 (20130101); F21W 2121/02 (20130101); B05B
17/085 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B05B
17/08 (20060101); B05B 17/00 (20060101); F21S
8/00 (20060101); B05b 017/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/16-23,463,478 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wood, Jr.; M. Henson
Assistant Examiner: Love; John J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Robert L. Parker et al.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a division of application Ser. No. 87,886 filed
Nov. 9, 1970, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,705,686 issued Dec. 12, 1972.
This application incorporates by reference specific portions of the
description appearing in U.S. Pat. No. 3,705,686.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A support base for an ornamental fountain nozzle and the like
comprising:
a. a housing defining therein a chamber having side walls, a
ceiling and a floor;
b. a first pair of coaxially aligned liquid inlet ducts through the
housing and communicating with the chamber through the side walls
thereof at opposed locations;
c. a liquid outlet opening defined through the chamber ceiling and
means in cooperation therewith for receiving a fountain nozzle with
a liquid inlet opening thereof in communication with the chamber
outlet opening; and
d. a second pair of liquid inlet ducts defined through the housing
and communicating with the chamber through the side walls thereof,
the axes of the second pair of liquid inlet ducts being parallel to
and spaced from each other, the openings of the second pair of
ducts to the chamber being opposed across the chamber.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the effective distance
along the length of the chamber perpendicular to the axes of the
first inlet ducts from the openings thereof to the chamber outlet
opening is at least equal to the mean diameter of the chamber.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the base defines liquid
flow controlling and directing means operatively associated with
the flow path through the chamber from the first inlet ducts to the
inlet opening of a nozzle received on the base for causing liquid
flowing through the chamber to have an essentially laminar axial
flow characteristic and an essentially uniform liquid flow pattern
at the nozzle inlet opening when liquid is supplied to the chamber
only through the first inlet ducts.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the flow controlling and
directing means includes proportioning the chamber to have a mean
cross-sectional area in a plane parallel to the chamber floor which
is substantially greater than the effective flow area to the
chamber through the first inlet ducts.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1 including a fountain nozzle
mounted to the base, and wherein the chamber is of circular
configuration and has a mean cross-sectional area in a plane
parallel to the floor thereof which is at least twice the effective
area of the nozzle inlet opening.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5 including controllable means for
supplying liquid to the chamber either through the first inlet
ducts or through the second inlet ducts.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to ornamental fountains or the like having
upwardly discharging liquid discharge nozzles. More specifically,
the invention relates to a novel support base for ornamental
fountains.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There is incorporated herein by reference as though fully set forth
at this point herein that portion of the specification of Pat. No.
3,705,686 extending from column 1, line 12 through and including
column 2, line 23.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A fountain base according to the present invention in one of its
operative states assures a symmetrical discharge pattern by
producing a uniform liquid flow rate into the fountain nozzle. In
this state, it provides an essentially laminar axial liquid flow
into the nozzle thereby facilitating the non-aerating or aerating
operation of the nozzle as defined by its own structure. In another
operative state of the base, it provides essentially uniform
helical liquid flow into the nozzle. Depending upon the operative
state of the base, i.e., the manner in which the water is supplied
to the base, the fountain has one or the other of two distinct
discharge patterns. The particular properties of the discharge
patterns are determined by the nature of the nozzle itself.
In the present invention, the fountain base comprises a housing
having an internal chamber of circular cross-sectional
configuration. A first pair of diametrically disposed liquid inlet
ducts are defined through the housing side walls to the chamber. A
liquid outlet opening is defined through the chamber ceiling and
has a nozzle-engaging collar mounted on the ceiling exteriorly of
the chamber. The collar defines a passage therethrough for receipt
of the nozzle; the longitudinal axis of the passage intersects the
center of the liquid outlet opening. This base is characterized in
that the mean cross-sectional area of the chamber in a plane
parallel to the chamber floor is at least twice the cross-sectional
area of the fountain nozzle at the inlet thereof. Each inlet flow
path alone would increase the probability of an asymmetrical
fountain discharge pattern since it would produce a non-uniform
liquid flow rate at the liquid outlet opening from the base. The
presence of diametrically opposed, coaxially aligned liquid inlet
flow paths cancels the adverse asymmetrical effects,
notwithstanding that each flow path through the base is essentially
right angled. Furthermore, the greater area of the chamber relative
to the opposing inlet openings serves to reduce the liquid
velocity, and thus the Reynolds number, thereby providing an
essentially laminar, essentially axial liquid flow at the liquid
outlet opening of the base, i.e., at the inlet of a fountain nozzle
secured to the base.
The base also defines a second pair of inlet ducts through its side
walls; these ducts have inlet openings which are diametrically
opposed across the chamber, but the ducts within the chamber walls
are aligned substantially tangentially of the chamber. When water
is supplied through the second pair of ducts, but not through the
first pair of ducts, the water flow pattern at the outlet is
balanced, i.e., uniform, but is substantially helical and may be
somewhat turbulent.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other aspects, advantages and features of the present
invention are more clearly set forth in the following description
of the presently preferred embodiment of this invention, which
description is presented with reference to the accompanying
drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional elevation view of a fountain base
according to this invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 2--2 of FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 3--3 of FIG.
1;
FIG. 4 represents one possible discharge pattern achievable by the
fountain base and nozzle combination of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a complete ornamental fountain
system, including a fountain base shown in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 6 represents another possible discharge pattern achievable by
the fountain base and nozzle combination of FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENT
There is incorporated by reference at this point as though fully
set forth herein that portion of the description of Pat. No.
3,705,686 extending from column 4, line 10 to and including column
7, line 3.
A fountain base in accord with the present invention is shown in
FIGS. 1-3 and is designated generally by the reference numeral 134.
Base 134 is very similar to base 10 described in the
above-referenced description from Pat. No. 3,705,686. Thus, base
134 has a cylindrical housing 12' defining a chamber 24' therein in
essentially the same manner as chamber 24 is defined in base 10.
Additionally, nozzle-engaging collar 46 is identical with that of
base 10 as are an identical pair of diametrically opposed inlet
openings 26 defining diametrically opposed liquid inlet ducts 27.
Inlet ducts 27 are defined through side walls 14' of housing 12'
with their longitudinal axes aligned with each other.
Housing 12' is longer in a vertical direction than housing 12 of
base 10 so that the distance Y, measured from the longitudinal axes
of inlet ducts 27 to the liquid outlet opening 19' (or to the
nozzle inlet), is essentially equal to or greater than the mean
diameter of chamber 24' taken in a plane parallel to the chamber
floor 16' . Additionally, base 134 is further characterized in that
the mean cross-sectional area of the chamber in a plane parallel to
the chamber floor, such area being represented by diameter X, is
essentially twice the cross-sectional area at the inlet of
whichever fountain nozzle is employed, such area being represented
by dimension Z in FIG. 1 hereof. These specific dimensions, i.e.,
X.gtoreq.Y and Area X=2 Area Z, are desirable to achieve the
uniform liquid flow rate and substantially laminar flow at the
nozzle inlet in fountain bases, such as base 134, where there are
opposing inlets, but no baffle, such as baffle 28 of base 10
according to the referenced description. More specifically, the
greater length Y of housing 12' relative to that of housing 12
compensates for the loss of the uniform liquid flow rate producing
features of baffle 28. Stated another way, if a baffle, such as
baffle 28, were included in base 134, the vertical length Y could
be substantially reduced.
Fountain base 134 includes an additional pair of diametrically
opposed liquid inlet openings 136 at the inner ends of ducts 137
channeled through housing side walls 14. The longitudinal axes of
ducts 137 are parallel and eccentric with each other and with the
longitudinal axes of ducts 27. If inlets 26 alone are used, base
134 functions similarly to base 10. The liquid flow paths through
ducts 27 cancel each other's adverse effects from right-angled flow
as they interact with each other in chamber 24' and the longer
chamber length establishes a uniform velocity flow rate at base
outlet 19' . Additionally, the substantially greater effective area
of chamber 24' relative to that of openings 26 causes a substantial
velocity reduction, thereby producing an essentially laminar axial
liquid flow at outlet 19'.
Preferably, base 134 is to be used with non-aerating liquid
discharge nozzles of the type shown by nozzle 138 in FIG. 1. Nozzle
138 includes a tubular body 139 defining a duct-like chamber 141
longitudinally therethrough. Nozzle 138 has a conical-shaped insert
plug 140 of smaller diameter than the diameter of chamber 141 and
is fixedly disposed within the chamber by support struts 142
engaged with inner walls 143 of the nozzle body. The conical plug
acts as a turbulence eliminator thereby producing an essentially
non-aerated discharge when the water supplied to it has a laminar
flow characteristic.
What makes base 134 so highly desirable is its ability to
drastically change the discharge from nozzle 138 from non-aerative
to aerative. Not only is the aeration character of the discharge
changed, but the shape and configuration of the discharge pattern
is likewise changed. This change is accomplished by feeding liquid
into chamber 24 through liquid inlet ducts 137 only and not through
inlet ducts 27. Since the longitudinal axes of ducts 137 are
eccentric and parallel with each other, a swirling and spiraling
effect is generated in the liquid within chamber 24. The swirling
liquid is turbulent, notwithstanding the velocity reduction by the
increased effective area of chamber 24 relative to the effective
area of inlets 136. Conical plug 140 reduces some of the
turbulence, but the overall effect is an aerated widespread
discharge.
Thus, base 138 can control the liquid discharge pattern most
effectively by utilizing either of the two pairs of inlet openings.
With inlets 26 in use the base functions to provide a uniform
liquid flow rate and essentially laminar flow at the nozzle inlet.
The discharge pattern produced by nozzle 138, with the base
operating in the above mode, is shown in FIG. 4 and is designated
generally by the reference numeral 145. By substituting inlets 136
for inlets 26, the discharge is changed to a pattern such as that
shown in FIG. 6 and designated generally by the reference numeral
147.
It can be seen, therefore, that fountain base 134 can be used to
achieve two distinct discharge patterns from any of a wide variety
liquid discharge nozzle used therewith; base 134 is not restricted
to use with nozzle 138. For instance, nozzle 58 described in the
above-referenced description could be used with base 134 and, when
liquid is fed only through inlets 136, would produce an aerative
effect to the discharge shown in FIG. 3 of the referenced patent
and, additionally, might inject asymmetry into the pattern. As
stated previously, asymmetry is usually undesirable especially
where the desired discharge pattern is like that of FIG. 3 of the
referenced patent. However, base 134 allows an entirely new effect
to be created, i.e., the periodic switching from a non-aerative,
symmetrical pattern to an aerative possibly asymmetrical pattern
merely by directing liquid into base chamber 24 through a different
pair of inlets, i.e., inlets 136 in lieu of inlets 26.
An ornamental fountain system useful with fountain base 134 is
shown in FIG. 5 and is designated generally by the reference
numeral 142. Fountain 142 includes a pool of water stored in
container 74 and used in a recirculating manner. The recirculation
cycle starts with water flowing out of the pool through opening 78
in the bottom of container 72. The water is guided to pump 80 by
means of conduit 76. Another conduit 144 couples the output of pump
80 to a base inlet selector valve 146. Valve 146 has a pair of
outlets 149 and 151 which are selectively coupled to an inlet 153
to which conduit 144 is connected. Valve 146 is operable to
selectively establish a water flow path from inlet 153 to either
outlet 149 or 151. Further, a pair of conduits 148 and 150 have
their inlets coupled to respective ones of outlets 149 and 151 of
valve 146. Each of conduits 148 and 150 branches off into two
separate water flow paths which are coupled to a respective pair of
fountain base inlet openings by coupling hoses 152. In other words,
conduit 148 is coupled between base inlets 136 and outlet 149 of
valve 146, whereas conduit 150 is coupled between opposing inlets
26 and outlet 151 of valve 146.
Merely by switching the permissible flow path through valve 146
from its inlet to one of its outlets or the other, water is
selectively supplied to base chamber 24 through either inlets 26 or
inlets 136. Thus, the discharge pattern produced by fountain 142
can be either as shown in FIG. 4 or as shown in FIG. 6.
The foregoing description has been presented with reference to
certain specific structural arrangements embodying the invention.
These arrangements have been illustrated and described for the
purposes of example and illustration and are not exhaustive of all
forms which the invention may assume. Therefore, the foregoing
description of the accompanying figures should not be regarded as
limiting the scope of the invention.
* * * * *