U.S. patent number 3,777,981 [Application Number 05/199,856] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-11 for spray apparatus and method.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ransburg Electro-Coating Corp.. Invention is credited to Kenneth R. Pollard, Richard O. Probst, Frank R. Stockton.
United States Patent |
3,777,981 |
Probst , et al. |
December 11, 1973 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
SPRAY APPARATUS AND METHOD
Abstract
Powder color change is accomplished easily and conveniently by
providing a spray device having a channel or groove in its side and
traversing its length in combination with one of a plurality of
elongated, flexible powder feed tubes. The channel is formed from
rigid material. One end of each of the feed tubes is connected to
its cooperatively associated powder pump immersed in a powder
reservoir. Each feed tube is adapted to be snapped into or out of
the channel or groove of the spray device. The feed tube is
retained in the channel in such a manner as to prevent harmful
movement thereof with respect to the channel and other components
of the device during the spraying operation. However, the feed tube
is retained in the channel in such a manner as to permit the user
to remove the tube from the channel without employing undue force
or special tools. The feed tube selected to be snap fitted into the
channel of the spray device dictates the color of the powder to be
sprayed upon activation of the spray device. The system employing
the spray device includes control means for switching from one
powder reservoir to another powder reservoir upon removal of one
feed tube from the spray device and insertion of another feed tube
into the spray device.
Inventors: |
Probst; Richard O.
(Indianapolis, IN), Pollard; Kenneth R. (Indianapolis,
IN), Stockton; Frank R. (Brownsburg, IN) |
Assignee: |
Ransburg Electro-Coating Corp.
(Indianapolis, IN)
|
Family
ID: |
22739310 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/199,856 |
Filed: |
November 18, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/1; 222/567;
239/336; 239/426; 239/526; 239/442; 239/600 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B05B
5/1683 (20130101); B05B 5/032 (20130101); B05B
12/14 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B05B
12/00 (20060101); B05B 12/14 (20060101); B05B
5/025 (20060101); B05B 5/03 (20060101); B05B
5/00 (20060101); B05B 5/16 (20060101); E01b
001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;222/567,568-575
;239/15,317,431,442,426,526,419.3,DIG.14,531,600,305,306 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: King; Lloyd L.
Claims
We claim:
1. A powder spray device for easily and conveniently accomplishing
switching from spraying one type of coating material to spraying
coating material of another type without harmfully contaminating
the subsequently sprayed coating material with previously sprayed
coating material, the spray device including means forming a
barrel, and a handle and carrying a spray forming nozzle, a channel
provided in the side of the barrel traversing the length of the
barrel and communicating with the spray-forming nozzle, and an
elongated feed tube adapted to have one end connected to a powder
reservoir and to fit in the channel, the means being shaped to
retain the feed tube in the channel and in sealed engagement with
the spray-forming nozzle so as to deliver powder to the nozzle and
to prevent harmful movement thereof during the spraying
operation.
2. The spray device of claim 1, wherein the channel is curved
within the barrel and handle of the spray device.
3. The spray device of claim 2, wherein the forward end of the feed
tube is retained at the forward end of the spray device by the
spray-forming nozzle and at the handle by means of the elongated
feed tube adapted to cooperate with the handle.
4. The spray device of claim 1 in combination with means for
selecting one coating material reservoir from several coating
reservoirs from which coating material is withdrawn and supplied to
the feed tube.
5. The combination of claim 4, wherein the means for selecting the
coating material includes a plurality of feed tubes, a different
feed tube cooperatively associated with each reservoir and means
for retaining unused feed tubes to deactivate the coating material
reservoirs cooperatively associated with the unused feed tubes,
removing the feed tube from the retaining means activating the
coating material reservoir cooperatively associated therewith so
that coating material can be withdrawn from that reservoir and
delivered to the gun.
6. A powder spray gun for easily and conveniently accomplishing
switching from spraying powder of one color to spraying powder of
another color without harmfully contaminating the subsequently
sprayed powder with previously spray powder, the spray gun
comprising a barrel and a handle projecting at an angle from the
barrel, a channel provided in the side of the barrel and handle and
traversing the length of each, a spray-forming nozzle carried at
the front of the barrel and an elongated feed tube adapted to have
one end connected to a powder reservoir, the feed tube capable of
being inserted into the channel and retained in the channel at the
front of the gun by the spraying nozzle and at the rear of the gun
by means on the tube cooperating with the handle so as to prevent
harmful movement thereof, the elongated tube being in communication
with the spray-forming nozzle when retained in the channel.
7. The spray gun of claim 8, wherein the gun includes tab means in
the barrel and the handle for retaining the tube in the
channel.
8. The spray device of claim 6, in combination with means for
selecting one powder from several powders and for supplying the
selected powder to the feed tube in the channel of the spray
gun.
9. The combination of claim 8, wherein the means for selecting the
powder includes at least two feed tubes and two powder reservoirs,
and means for retaining the unused feed tube to deactivate the
reservoir connected to the unused feed tube, removing a feed tube
from the retaining means activating the reservoir connected thereto
so that powder can be withdrawn from that reservoir and delivered
to the gun.
10. In a method for easily and conveniently accomplishing switching
from spraying powder of one type to powder of another type without
harmfully contaminating the subsequently sprayed powder with
previously sprayed powder, the steps including providing a spray
device having a barrel, carrying spray-forming nozzle, and
including a channel traversing the length of the barrel and
communicating with a spray-forming nozzle, inserting and removing
feed tubes having one end connected to powder reservoirs into the
channel and in sealed communication with the spray-forming nozzle
with a snap-like action, and spraying coating material withdrawn
from the reservoir from the spray-forming nozzle of the device.
Description
The present invention relates to a spray device including means for
and method of quickly and conveniently switching the device from
ejecting or spraying coating material particles of one color, such
as white, to ejecting or spraying coating material particles of
another color, such as black, without experiencing harmful
contamination of the presently ejected coating material by coating
material previously ejected or sprayed from the spray device.
Preferably, the coating material is ejected from a spray device
employing electrostatic forces; the electrostatic forces assist in
depositing particles of coating material on a surface to be coated,
the surface being maintained at a coating material attracting
potential.
In several of the presently available powder devices, if the user
of the spray device desires to switch or change from spraying
coating material such as powder of one color to spraying powder of
another color, the spray device is disconnected from a powder pump
immersed in powder and the passageway of the feed tube from the
pump to the spray device and the spray device are purged of residue
powder using compressed air, roughage, solvent flush and the like
to prevent contamination of a subsequently sprayed powder with a
previously sprayed powder. Then the purged spray device is
connected to another pump immersed in a reservoir containing powder
of the desired color and powder of the newly selected color is
sprayed from the spray device. Plastic powder conveyed through a
plastic feed tube tends to experience frictional charging during
conveyence, due to, it is believed, random collisions with the side
wall of the plastic feed tube. Charging of such plastic particles
causes particles to cling to the side wall of the feed tube making
it difficult to properly clean the tube using, for example,
compressed air. It should be appreciated that the steps of
disconnecting, purging and connecting the spray device to yet
another powder reservoir is a time consuming and expensive method
of switching from spraying powder of one color to spraying powder
of another color.
Another suggested solution to the color change problem is to use a
different spray device for each colored powder to be dispensed. It
should be appreciated that such a solution is costly to the user,
and requires unusual amounts of space for equipment.
It is, therefore, a desideratum to provide means for and method of
easily and conveniently switching from spraying powder of one color
to spraying powder of another color without purging the entire body
of the spray device and its cooperatively associated powder tube
and without experiencing harmful contamination of subsequently
sprayed powder with powder previously sprayed from the spray
device.
The invention facilitates color change by providing a spray device
having a channel or groove in its side and traversing its length in
combination with one of a plurality of elongated, flexible feed
tubes. The channel is made from a rigid material. One end of each
of the feed tubes is connected to its cooperatively associated
powder pump immersed in a powder reservoir. Each feed tube is
adapted to be snapped into and out of the channel or groove of the
spray device. The feed tube is retained in the channel in such a
manner as to prevent harmful movement thereof with respect to the
channel and other components of the gun during the spraying
operation. However, the feed tube is retained in such a manner as
to permit the user to remove the feed tube from the channel without
employing undue force or special tools. The feed tube selected by
the user to be snap fitted into the channel of the spray device
dictates the color of the powder to be sprayed upon activation of
the spray device.
In the embodiment illustrated in the drawing, the spray device
employs swirling gas (air) to assist in effecting a substantially
uniform distribution of the powder particles in the spray pattern
ejected or sprayed from the device and to assist in providing the
powder with sufficient momentum to be propelled to the vicinity of
the article to be coated. When employing swirl air, the spray
device includes a non-rotating powder distributing means having a
sharp edge at which an electrostatic field is concentrated. The
field electrically charges the power particles. While in the
coating zone, the surface to be coated is maintained at a particle
attracting potential. The swirl air can be eliminated by using, at
the front end of the spray device, a rotating powder distributing
means, a flat-fan type spray nozzle and electrode configuration of
the type illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,617,000, and the like.
The appended drawings are intended to illustrate a powder spray
device embodying the concepts of the present invention constructed
to function in the most advantageous mode presently devised for the
practical application of the principles involved in the hereinafter
described invention. The powder spray device illustrated in several
figures uses electrostatic forces to assist in depositing the
powder particles on a surface to be coated. However, it is to be
understood that the concepts of the present invention can also be
used with non-electrostatic powder spray devices.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of an electrostatic powder
system embodying the concepts of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the spray device illustrating an
elongated, flexible tube snapped into and retained in position by
the spray device;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross sectional view of the front end of the
spray device taken across the lines 3--3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a rear view of the spray device illustrated in FIG. 1;
and
FIG. 5 is a schematic of a control panel for use with the powder
spray device illustrated in FIG. 1.
Referring now to FIG. 1 of the drawing, an electrostatic powder
spray system is illustrated by the reference numeral 10. The powder
spray system 10 includes electrostatic spray device of gun 11,
direct current power supply 12 connected to the gun, powder
reservoirs 13, and control panel 14.
The structure of spray gun 11, which incorporates the concepts of
the invention, is shown in FIG. 2. The spray gun 11 includes barrel
15 and handle 16. Handle 16, including grip portion 17, extends at
an angle below barrel 15 to provide the user with means for
gripping and manipulating spray gun 11. Barrel 15 is fabricated
from a suitable electrically non-conductive material such as nylon,
polyethylene and the like. Handle 16 is fabricated from a suitable
electrically conductive material such as aluminum, brass and the
like.
Channel or groove 18 is formed in and traverses the length of the
barrel 15 and handle 16. Bore 19 is formed in and traverses the
length of barrel 15 and handle 16. An elongated, flexible feed tube
20 is shown as being snapped fitted into channel 18. Tabs 21 and 22
formed in barrel 15 and handle 16, respectively, cooperate with
channel 18 to assist in retaining feed tube 20 therein. The
diameter of channel 18 is slightly larger than the outside diameter
of tube 20. However, the opening of channel 18 through which feed
tube 20 is inserted is slightly less in width than the outside
diameter of the feed tube at tabs 21 and 22.
Elongated flexible feed tube 20 defines the passageway for
conveying powder particles suspended in gas (air) between powder
reservoir 13 and assembly 38 at the forward end of the gun 11. Snap
fitting feed tube 20 into channel 18 of the spray gun 11 suitably
retains the tube in place with respect to the other components of
the spray gun and forms the elongated tube into a gradually curving
passageway. The curved passageway of the feed tube is located in
that portion of the barrel adjacent the handle. Feed tube 20 is
gradually curved in the gun so that abrasive powder articles
flowing through the curved portion of the tube have less of an
erosion effect on the curve of the passageway than such particles
would have if the passageway was abruptly curved. This problem is
largely avoided where a feed tube does not curve into the grip
portion of the handle but extends rearwardly from the barrel along
a straight line and passes out the rear of the gun over the hand of
the user. Attaching the feed tube in such a manner is
unsatisfactory since the tube imposes a torque-like force on the
spray gun which would fatigue the user and restrict the
manipulability of the gun. As shown in FIG. 1, a feed tube 20
projects downwardly from the base of handle 16 where it imposes
little restriction on the manipulability of the gun.
In the event of failure of feed tube 20 because of erosion of its
walls by powder particles or otherwise, the tube can be snapped out
of channel 18 and either the failure site removed by severing the
tube behind such site and the tube reinserted into channel 18 or
another tube can be substituted therefor.
Assembly 38, mounted at the forward end of gun 11, includes bore 42
axially aligned with the forward end 20a of feed tube 20. As shown
in FIG. 3, the forward end 20a of feed tube 20 projects into and is
retained in place by bore 42 by assembly 38. Powder suspended in
air is conveyed through feed tube 20 into assembly 38 of spray
device 11. Delivery of the powder particles to spray gun 11 is
controlled by the user displacing trigger 43 pivotally carried by
gun 11. Depressing trigger 43 actuates switch 28 which activates a
solenoid valve (not shown) in power supply 12 causing powder to be
withdrawn from powder reservoir 13 by venturi pump 36 and delivered
through feed tube 20 to assembly 38. Powder supplied to assembly 38
is formed into a pattern suitable for application to the article to
be coated.
Displacing trigger 43 also electrically connects the output
terminal of the high voltage power supply 12 to edge 37 of assembly
38 through high voltage cable 23, resistor 24, conductive plug 65
and conductive coating 52 carried by non-rotating cylindrical means
49 of assembly 38. Powder ejected from the assembly 38 is
electrically charged by the electrostatic field at edge 37 of
assembly 38. Edge 37 is sharp so that the electrical field gradient
at the edge is sufficiently high to provide the powder with a high
charge-to-mass ratio.
Assembly 38, shown in FIG. 3, includes head 45, outlet passageway
46 terminating in orifice 47, deflector 48 and non-rotating powder
distributing means 49. Head 45, deflector 48 and non-rotating means
49 are fabricated from any suitable erosion resistant, dielectric
material such as nylon and the like in order to minimize wear sites
and electrical charging thereof during operation of the spray gun
11. Preferably, passageway 46 of head 45 has side walls as smooth
as are possible in order to minimize sites at which the entrained
powder can accumulate.
Powder baffle or deflector 48 is carried by rod 53. Rod 53 is
integral with spider-like means 54. The spider-like means 54
includes a plurality of lengthwise apertures through which powder
flows from feed tube 20 toward baffle 48. Powder deflector 48 and
orifice 47 cooperate so as to provide annular opening 55 through
which powder flows. The extent of opening 55 may be varied by
moving deflector 48 along rod 53. After selecting the desired
location of deflector 48 along the length of rod 53, the deflector
is fixed in position by any suitable means such as by frictional
engagement of the deflector with the rod. The configuration of the
periphery of deflector 48 may be round, ellipsoidal, or the like so
as to assist in providing a substantially uniform distribution of
powder particles in annular opening 55. The radial extent of
deflector 48 should be greater than the radial extent of orifice
47. Orifice 47 is the powder outlet orifice. The forward velocity
of the particles of powder ejected from orifice 47 is decreased
when the particles strike the rear surface 56 of deflector 48. The
powder is deflected about 90.degree. in all directions. Preferably,
the axes of orifice 47 and deflector 48 are coincident.
Powder particles are deflected toward interior surface 57 of
cylindrical means 49 at a reduced velocity after striking the rear
surface 56 of the deflector 48. Jets of air are introduced along
surface 57 substantially tangentially to the direction of the flow
of powder particles ejected from orifice 47. The jets of air are
introduced through a plurality of apertures illustrated, in part,
by apertures 58, 59, and 60 formed in the side walls of head 45 to
thereby assist in then effecting a substantially uniform
distribution of the powder over surface 57 of cylindrical means 49.
As many apertures as are necessary to achieve the desired results
may be formed in head 45. The jets of air intercept and swirl the
powder over surface 57 in a substantially whirling, cyclone-type
fashion. The powder moves in a substantially helical fashion
outwardly from the surface 57.
The swirl air flowing from apertures 58, 59, and 60 assists in
providing the powder particles with the momentum necessary to carry
the powder to the article to be coated. Further, the use of swirl
air tends to minimize build-up powder particles on surface 57
during the spraying operation. If powder particles build up on
surface 57, agglomerations of particles are formed and deposited on
the articles. Such agglomerations form a roughness in the coating
that are visible after curing. Agglomerations of particles may also
result in a multicolor coating.
Air is introduced to the apertures 58, 59, and 60 through bore 66
and air valve 67. Air valve 67 includes a finger actuated head 68,
valve stem 69, an annular valve seat 70, and a nut 71 threadably
retained on the stem. The user of the gun can regulate the flow of
swirl air to assembly 38 by appropriately adjusting nut 71. The
user may terminate the flow of swirl air by depressing stem 69.
Assembly 38 can be another configuration when a different spray
pattern is desired. For example, a flat-fan spray nozzle including
pin-like electrode can be substituted for non-rotating assembly 38.
A suitable flat-fan spray nozzle and pin-like electrode combination
for powder spraying is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,617,000.
Gun 11 includes bore 19 in the handle 16 and curved in barrel 15 to
form tubular passageway for electrical circuit means located within
the gun. Bore 19 is formed of non-conductive material, has a
sufficient wall thickness to withstand high direct current
voltages, such as 40,000 up to 100,000 volts, which are applied to
the gun. Bore 10 retains one end of high voltage cable 23 and
resistor 24 having one end connected to cable 23. Resistor 24 is
closely adjacent the forward end of the gun. Resistor 24 is a
multi-megohm resistor having a typical valve of about 160 megohms.
It is desirable to minimize the quantity of metallic conductive
material associated with assembly 38 so as to minimize the
effective electrical capacity of the powder spray device. The
advantages of minimizing the effective capacity are disclosed in
U.S. Pat. No. 3,048,498. The safety features disclosed in that
patent are desirably incorporated in the spray gun 11.
The rear face 50 and outer surface 51 of means 49 are provided with
a substantially continuous conductive coating 52 having a high
resistivity. A suitable material for coating 52 is described in
U.S. Pat. No. 3,021,077. Conductive plug 65 and coating 52 connect
resistor 24 to edge 37 of assembly 38. Assembly 38 also includes
electrically insulative washer 25.
Powder spray gun 11, as illustrated in FIG. 1, ejects electrically
charged particles of powder toward articles 30 moved or displaced
in the direction of arrow 31 by conveyor 32. For the purpose of
illustration, but not for the purpose of limitation, articles 30
are panels. While being coated with charged particles of powder,
the articles 30 are maintained at a powder particle attracting
potential, such as ground potential, by electrical connection to
earth or ground 33 through electrically conductive hangers 34 of
conveyor 32. Electrically charged particles of powder are propelled
to the vicinity of articles 30 in coating zone 35 and are guided to
the surface of the articles 30 by electrostatic forces present in
the coating zone. Coating zone 35 is the zone in which the powdered
particles are deposited on the article(s) being coated.
High voltage direct current power supply 12, capable of supplying a
no-load voltage of from about 40,000 up to 100,000 volts or more,
is connected in series with the spray gun 11 through electrical
cable 23. The polarity of direct current voltage as supplied to gun
11 may be either negative or positive, depending upon, among other
things, the type of powder sprayed. Some powder particles are more
advantageously charged by a negative voltage than by a positive
voltage and vice versa.
The powder reservoirs 13, as shown in FIG. 1, each contain a powder
of a different color or type. The reservoirs 13 may number as few
as two or as many as ten or more. Each reservoir includes means
(not shown) for fluidizing the powder by passing flowing gas such
as air through a foraminous sheet (not shown) located near the
bottom of each reservoir. Gas flows through the foraminous sheet
and is directed upwardly through the powder causing the powder to
expand in volume and become "fluidized." Powder of a suitable color
or type is withdrawn from reservoir 13 by means of a venturi pump
36 immersed in the powder and delivered to gun 11 through an
elongated flexible tube 20. Each reservoir includes a venturi pump
36.
Referring now to FIG. 5, one means of several possible means is
shown to select and control the flow of powder in the feed tube
connected to the spray gun. One side of manually operated 3-way air
valve 71, located in control panel 14, is connected to a compressed
air source (not shown) via hose 72. The other side of valve 71 is
connected to air manifold 73 through hose 72a. When valve 71 is
manually operated to an "on" position (depressed), compressed air
flows from valve 71 through manifold 73 through hose 72b to spring
biased pressure regulator 74. The pressure of the compressed air
exiting regulator 74 is regulated by that regulator. The output of
regulator 74 is connected to pressure gauge 75 through hose 72c.
Gauge 75 is used to display the air pressure of the air delivered
to the nozzle of the venturi pump. Compressed air also flows from
the output of regulator 74 through hose 72d to air piloted, spring
return 3-way valve 76. Activating valve 76 "on" causes compressed
air to flow from the regulator 74 through valve 76 and hose 72e to
a group 77 of selector valves. Each of the selector valves of group
77 is an air piloted spring return, 3-way valve. Air flowing
through the activated valve of group 77 flows to a venturi
pump.
Compressed air flowing through valve 76 also supplies air through
hose 72f for piloting reversing relay valve 78.
Compressed air from the compressed air source flow from air
manifold 73 through hose 72g to power supply 12 where such air flow
is biased either "on" or "off" by an electrical solenoid (not
shown) internal of power supply 12. The electrical solenoid is
biased "on" by depressing trigger 43 causing activation of switch
28 which in turn causes the solenoid to be biased "on" and hence
allowing compressed air to flow therethrough. Returning trigger 43
to its normal position biases switch 28 "off" as well as biasing
"off" the solenoid (not shown) connected thereto. Biasing the
solenoid in the power supply "on," allows compressed air to pass
therethrough and return to control panel 14 through hose 72h. Hose
72h is connected to double air piloted 3-way valve 80. Biasing the
solenoid of the power supply to "off" causes air to be exhausted to
the atmosphere through valve 80. However, biasing the solenoid "on"
causes air from the compressed air source to flow through valve 80
and hose 72i to selector valve group 81 composed of air piloted,
spring return 3-way valves. Group 81 of 3-way valves is used to
activate the pump valve cylinder associated with each of the
venturi pumps.
Air flowing from valve 80 through hose 72j is used to pilot air
piloted, spring return 3-way valve 76. Air also flows from valve 80
through hose 72k and restrictor valve 89 to the pilot of air
piloted spring return 3-way valve 82. Valve 89 allows air to free
flow in one direction and by appropriate adjustment of valve 89
restricts the air flow in the reverse direction. Piloting 3-way
valve 82 causes that valve to open. Opening valve 82 causes
compressed air from manifold 73 to flow through hose 72L and 72m to
reversing relay valve 78. Valve 78 is a reversing relay which
provides an output pressure that is the difference between a
manually set, spring loaded pressure and a variable pneumatic
signal. Reversing relay valve 78 controls the flow of air through
it dependent upon the air pressure supplied to its pilot by 3-way
valve 76 through hose 72f. As the pressure of the pilot air
supplied to reversing relay valve 78 increases, the relay valve is
activated so as to decrease the air flow allowed to pass through
valve 78 from line 72m. Compressed air flowing through reversing
relay valve 78 and hose 72n is supplied to selector group 82
consisting of air piloted spring return 3-way valves. Air flowing
through the activated valve of group 84 flows to the air injector
of a venturi pump.
Compressed air from manifold 73 flows through hose 72o to selector
group 85 consisting of air piloted spring return 3-way valves. Air
flowing through the activated valve of the group 85 flows to the
fluidizing chamber of the powder reservoir. There is one selector
valve in each group 77, 81, 84 and 85 for each reservoir. Two
selector valves are shown in each group since, for clarity, two
powder reservoirs have been shown in the drawing. If ten powder
reservoirs are incorporated into the system, then ten selector
valves are included within each of the groups of selector
valves.
As shown in FIG. 5 there are four air lines 72p, 72q, 72r, and 72s
connected to each reservoir. The flow of air in these four lines is
controlled by the four groups of valves 77, 81, 84 and 85; one
group of valves for each line and each group contains one valve for
each powder reservoir. The valves of groups 77, 81 and 84 are
supplied air from the compressed air source when the solenoid in
the power supply is activated "on" by switch 28. The valves of
group 85, which control the flow of air to the fluidizing section
of the reservoirs, received air from the compressed air source
through manifold 73 when valve 71 is activated.
When using the circuit of FIG. 5, the selection of powder to be
sprayed from gun 11 is accomplished by manually activating either
spring return 4-way valve 87 or 87a each cooperatively associated
with one valve in each of the selector valve groups 77, 81, 84 and
85. The number of 4-way spring return valves 87 and 87a is dictated
by the number of different powders to be sprayed from gun 11. For
convenience only two valves 87 and 87a are shown in FIG. 5. Valve
87 is connected to manifold 73 through hose 72t; valve 87a is
serially connected to 4-way valve 87 through hose 72v. All other
4-way valves likewise are serially connected to valve 87. It is
seen that each 4-way valve obtains its supply air from the
preceding serially connected 4-way valve. The 4-way valve 87
includes a suitable activating device 88 designed to hold a feed
tube 20. The feed tube 20 is connected to the outlet of a venturi
pump. When the tube is retained by device 88, the 4-way valve 87 or
87a associated therewith is biased "off." When the tube is removed
from activating device 88 and inserted into channel 18 of the gun
11, 4-way valve 87 or 87a cooperatively associated therewith is
activated, thereby activating one valve in each of the four groups
77, 81, 84 and 85 cooperatively associated therewith. The selected
powder is withdrawn from the reservoir and supplied to gun 11. The
powder feed begins when trigger 26 is depressed. It should be
understood other means for selecting the powder to be sprayed from
gun 11 can be substituted for the means illustrated in FIG. 5.
Swirl air for assembly 38 is supplied from manifold 13 through hose
72u to gun 11.
In operation, the user depresses trigger 43. As the trigger is
depressed, portion 27 of the trigger actuates switch 28 contained
within the gun 11. Conductors (not shown) from electrical switch 28
run through the grip portion of the handle and are connected to the
solenoid valve (not shown) internal of the power supply 12 in such
a manner as to turn "on" the voltage supply and withdraw powder
from the desired power reservoir. Air flowing through venturi pump
36 thus entrains the solid particles of coating material and
directs the entrained powder into feed tube 20. Since the entire
passageway of the feed tube 20 from the venturi pump 36 into the
assembly 38 has a uniform cross-section and curves gradually in the
barrel, the coating material particles flow to assembly 38 in a
substantially stable suspension. The operator may easily change the
color of the powder being ejected by removing one feed tube and
inserting another feed tube by snapping it into channel 18.
"Powder," as that term is used herein, means and includes
thermoplastic dry powders such as polyester, polyvinyl chloride,
polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, cellulose acetate butyrate;
thermosetting resins such as epoxies, polyesters, acrylics; other
powder such as starch, talc, vitreous enamel; and the like.
Preferably, the individual powder particles are receptive to
acquiring and retaining an electric charge for a predetermined
length of time or are capable of being suitably treated so as to
accept and retain an electric charge for a predetermined length of
time. The powder particle shape and size should be such as to
permit proper distribution on the surface to be coated so that the
fused coating is of good structural strength and appearance. The
melt viscosity and surface tension of the particles of powder
should be such as to provide a film that adheres to the surface to
protect and decorate that surface.
Generally, powders suitable for spraying are prepared by grinding
bulk material, usually at a low temperature. Powder having a
particle size in the order of about 20 to about 250 microns is
preferred for electrostatic powder spraying, however, the powder
may be coarser or finer, depending on the particular material and
application thereof.
While we have shown and described the preferred embodiment of our
invention, it is to be understood that it is capable of many
modifications. Changes, therefore, in the construction and
arrangement may be made without departing from the spirit and scope
of the invention as disclosed in the following claims.
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