U.S. patent number 3,777,059 [Application Number 05/302,318] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-04 for multiple display device.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Business Machines Corporation. Invention is credited to Frank Wilkey, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,777,059 |
Wilkey, Jr. |
December 4, 1973 |
MULTIPLE DISPLAY DEVICE
Abstract
A cathode ray tube is mounted in a substantially vertical
position with a multiline display presented on an upwardly facing
screen. The screen is partitioned into two discrete areas with the
lines of the display associated one area presenting one message and
that associated with the other presenting another, independent
message. A pair of converging mirrors which each reflect one of the
messages to a viewing location thereby permitting the screen to
provide displays for a pair of independent devices.
Inventors: |
Wilkey, Jr.; Frank (Rochester,
MN) |
Assignee: |
International Business Machines
Corporation (Armonk, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23167250 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/302,318 |
Filed: |
October 30, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
348/832; 348/842;
348/840; 359/855; 345/9 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06F
3/153 (20130101); G09G 1/00 (20130101); G06F
1/1601 (20130101); G09G 1/18 (20130101); G06F
2200/1611 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G09G
1/18 (20060101); G09G 1/00 (20060101); G09G
1/14 (20060101); G06F 3/153 (20060101); G06F
1/16 (20060101); G06d 003/14 (); G06k 015/20 ();
H01j 029/89 () |
Field of
Search: |
;178/7.88,7.89,7.82,7.85,7.91,6.5,DIG.23 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Britton; Howard W.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An image display apparatus comprising
a selectively controllable image display device having first and
second unrelated multiline information fields presented on mutually
exclusive first and second areas of a viewing surface; and
a pair of mirror surfaces converging toward one another and toward
said viewing surface such that each defines an acute angle with
said viewing surface,
said pair of mirror surfaces each being arranged to reflect the
image formed on one of said first and second areas of said viewing
surface in substantially opposite directions for observation from
opposite sides of said display apparatus.
2. The image display apparatus of claim 1,
further comprising a pair of passageways extending from said
viewing surface wherein said pair of mirror surfaces respectively
form a portion of the wall surface of each of said passageways and
the balance of the passageway wall surfaces are substantially all
provided with dark, non-reflective surfacing, whereby the contrast
between image and background is enhanced.
3. The image display apparatus of claim 1
wherein each of said information fields include characters
generated on said viewing surface in mirror image with said first
information field being inverted with respect to said second
information field.
4. The image display apparatus of claim 3
further comprising a housing and means for mounting said image
display device about a generally vertical axis and wherein said
display device includes a cathode ray tube mounted about a
generally vertical axis to present the viewing surface in a
generally horizontal upwardly facing position and said pair of
mirror surfaces are generally parallel to a common horizontal
line.
5. In a data entry system comprising
a control unit and
a pair of keyboard entry units connected to said control unit,
the improvement comprising a multiline display device connected to
said control unit and mounted about a substantially vertical axis
to present a generally horizontal viewing surface,
a pair of mirrors each with a reflecting surface defining a plane
which forms an acute angle with said viewing surface, and
each of said mirrors reflecting the image formed on a discrete
portion of said viewing surface toward the position of one of said
keyboard entry units.
6. The data entry system of claim 5,
further comprising a pair of passageways extending from said
display device viewing surface wherein said pair of mirror
reflective surfaces each form a portion of the wall surface of a
respective one of said passageways and the remainder of the wall
surfaces of said pair of passageways are substantially all provided
with dark, non-reflective surfacing, whereby the contrast between
the background and said image is enhanced.
7. The data entry system of claim 5
wherein said image display device is a cathode ray tube positioned
with the screen thereof facing upward, and
said discrete portions form unrelated information fields upon which
intelligible characters are generated.
8. The data entry system of claim 7
wherein the said characters generated in said information fields
are formed in mirror image and the characters in one of said fields
are inverted with respect to the characters in the other of said
fields.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to image display systems and more
particularly to an image display system where a single display
device is partitioned into discrete viewing portions to effect the
function of multiple displays.
The invention is particularly useful where it is desired to provide
an individual display for machine operators sitting along side or
across from each other as in a data entry machine room environment.
The operators in effect are sharing a single display device without
the loss of display quality.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the past, it has been the practice to provide each data entry
machine operator with any individual display device without regard
to the relative physical positions of the operators. Data entry
machine operators sit at a keyboard which is used to enter data on
storage media. As information is keyed into the keyboard, the data
entered is displayed on the face of an image display device. This
enables the operator to monitor the data entered.
Individual display devices are expensive irrespective of their size
not only because of the duplication of the display apparatus, but
also because of the necessary individual driver control and power
circuitry. Hence, even though the electronic circuitry for
furnishing the data to the display devices could be shared, in the
past there has been no sharing of the apparatus for generating the
display.
In the present invention, a single cathode ray tube functions as a
multi-display device. The physical structure of the cathode ray
tube is not changed. A single gun structure is still used and the
deflection system is substantially the same. The images to be
displayed in the discrete viewing areas are generated sequentially
but at a rate which is timely for the viewer or machine operator.
Using mirrors, it is necessary to provide controls whereby one
display has its top line at the bottom of the display with the
characters formed in mirror image, inverted and the first character
of the line appearing at the left hand side of the line. The other
lines of the one display or viewing area are appropriately spaced
from each other and the bottom line is the top line of the display.
The mirror associated with this one display makes the appropriate
inversion of the characters and the lines so that the top line
appears at the top of the display to the viewer and the lines read
from left to right with the characters in the upright position.
The top line of the other display is at the top of the display and
the characters are not inverted but also formed in mirror image
with the first character in the line of characters at the right
hand side of the line. The associated mirror reverses the lines so
that they appear to read left to right to the viewer.
The displayed image is reflected from the cathode ray tube screen
to an operator location through a shrouded passageway provided with
non-reflective dark surfaces to afford the observing machine
operator a brightened contrast between image and background. This
display enhancement overcomes the deleterious effect of ambient
light and ambient light reflections that tend to impair the quality
of displays in the environment of a properly illuminated work
area.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The principal object of the invention is to provide an improved
image display system which: (a) eliminates ambient light
reflections as usually occur on a CRT face; (b) occupies less space
on operator's work surface; (c) is relatively inexpensive; (d)
utilizes a single display device functioning as multiple display
devices; and (e) provides high quality image displays by improving
the apparent contrast of images on the CRT background.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevation illustrating the preferred embodiment of
the invention where the cathode ray tube is mounted in a generally
vertical orientation and a pair of mirrors are at an angle with
respect to each other and the viewing screen of the cathode ray
tube;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a data entry device including the
display apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the control unit and
interconnected devices of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the deflection logic and deflection
system for the cathode ray tube;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating the scanning sequence for a
character generated in mirror image with a cursor underneath;
and
FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating the mirrors of FIG. 1 with the
character lines appearing on the screen of the cathode ray tube
shown in phantom view.
Between housing apertures 21, 22 and the cathode ray tube screen
11, all wall portions that define the passageways, such as housing
walls 17 and 18, are provided with non-reflective, black surfaces.
The shrouded passageways from each of apertures 21 and 22 to screen
11 eliminate ambient light reflections and enhance the contract
between the illuminated image and the background.
DESCRIPTION
Referring to the drawings and particularly to FIG. 1, the invention
is illustrated including a conventional cathode ray tube 10 mounted
in a generally vertical position. The axis of tube 10 is offset
from vertical alignment to present the utilized portion of the
screen 11 symetrically to the viewing station. The display is
generated by using six of eight possible character line positions
on the screen. The line locations are shown at 12a, 12b and 12c.
Since it is desired to partition the display area into two separate
three line displays, the two middle character line positions 12c
were elected as the unused locations to permit maximum separation
of the individual three line displays. Thus, the lines of
information appearing on the screen are represented by the dotted
lines 12a and 12b. The display area of screen 11 is surrounded by a
generally rectangular gasket 14. A transparent glass dust seal
plate 16 overlies and rests upon gasket 14.
Housing 20 overlies screen 11 and engages plate 16 by extending
through an aperture 27 in the table top upper wall 28 of the
machine console 29. Housing 20 is of molded construction and
provided with viewing apertures 21 and 22. A pair of mirrors 25 and
26 are supported within housing 20 and are symetrically arranged
with respect to the centerline of the housing. The reflective
surfaces of mirrors 25 and 26 define a pair of planes that converge
toward screen 11 and each forms an acute angle with the screen.
Viewers observing screen 11 from the directions of arrows A and B
respectively see lines 12a and 12b as the images 13a and 13b on the
reflective surfaces of mirrors 25 and 26.
The display illustrated in FIG. 1 is mounted in a machine console
29 as shown in FIG. 2. The dual station device illustrated has
keyboards 30 and 31 recessed at opposite sides of top surface 28.
Display housing 20 is mounted through the top surface between the
keyboards with the viewing apertures 21 and 22 respectively facing
the positions occupied by operators seated at the keyboards 30 and
31. There is also a pair of data recording devices 32 and 33
normally associated with the keyboards 30 and 31 respectively.
These data racording devices may be magnetic tape or disk drives or
other data storage devices for recording electronically encoded
information manually entered at the keyboards. Console 29 also
encloses a control unit 35 to which, as shown in FIG. 3, are
connected keyboards 30 and 31, the cathode ray tube 10 and the data
recording devices 32 and 33.
The lines of information 12a and 12b appearing on screen 11 appear
as lines 13a and 13b on mirrors 25 and 26 respectively. In FIG. 2,
mirrors 25 and 26 are shown as overlying lines of information 12a
and 12b on screen 11. The characters forming the lines of
information 12a are reversed in mirror image with the character
sequences progressing from right to left. The lines are oriented
with the top line at the top and the bottom line at the bottom.
Mirror 25 reverses the characters and lines so that the characters
appear normal and the lines read left to right to a viewer
observing from the direction of arrow A. The characters forming
lines 12b are likewise formed in mirror image from right to left,
but are inverted so that the first character of each line appears
at the left hand side of the line. As viewed in FIG. 2, the bottom
line is at the top of the display and the top line is at the bottom
of the display. Mirror 26 inverts the characters and lines so that
the top line appears at the top of the display to viewer observing
from the direction of arrow B and the lines read from left to right
with the characters in the upright position. The line inversion for
lines 12b can be seen in FIG. 1.
The beam of cathode ray tube 10 is generated and deflected by the
circuitry shown in FIG. 4. The beam is generated by an output
signal from video amplifier 56. The characters are formed utilizing
a wiggle sweep from wiggle ramp generator 71. The beam is swept
horizontally by a single from horizontal ramp generator 73 and is
positioned to the desired line position by signals from vertical
digital to analog convertor 76.
As the beam sweeps horizontally across the screen 11 in this
particular example, a line of forty characters can be formed. Each
character position can be considered as a 10 .times. 11 matrix. The
beam during its horizontal movement across screen 11 is vertically
deflected up and down by wiggle ramp generator 71 at the rate of
ten up and down excursions per character position. The up excursion
is divided into 11 bit times. This provides the 10 .times. 11
matrix. The down excursion is for beam retrace and consists of five
bit times. During the up excursion, as seen in FIG. 5, the first up
bit time is reserved for displaying a cursor bit. The next bit time
is blank to provide a space between the cursor and the bottom of
the character. Thus, nine vertical bit times are used for forming
the character. Further, only seven of the ten up excursions are
used for forming a character. The remaining three up excursions
provide for a blank space between characters. By this arrangement,
the characters are formed by turning the video amplifier 56 on
during a bit time where a dot is to appear. The character in FIG. 5
is a B underscored by a cursor and generated in mirror image such
that the observer sees the character in normal form when viewing
the reflected image.
In FIG. 4, control line 40 is energized from a control unit 35
(FIG. 3) during the time that lines 12a will be displayed to viewer
observing from the direction of arrow A. Similarly, control ine 41
is energized during the time that lines 12b are being displayed to
viewer observing from the direction of arrow B. Control line 40
provides a conditioning signal for AND circuit 51 for passing a
cursor count from counter 58 which is advanced by pulses from
oscillator 57. During the up excursion of the beam, the first bit
is a cursor bit for normally oriented characters, i.e., characters
forming lines 12a. However, for inverted characters, the cursor bit
is at bit 11. Therefore, the output from the first position of
counter 58 is applied to AND circuit 51 and the output from
position 11 is applied to AND circuit 52 which is conditioned by
the signal on conductor 41. Counter 58 is a conventional counter
such as a right counter which counts to 16 and then resets.
The outputs of AND circuits 51 and 52 are passed via OR circuit 53
to AND circuit 54. The cursor bit itself is contained in character
buffer 65 and the bit position for the cursor in this buffer is
connected by conductor 42 to AND circuit 54. The output of AND
circuit 54 is connected to video amplifier 56 via OR circuit 55.
Thus, the cursor bit will appear upon the screen 11 of CRT 10 at
either bit one or bit eleven during the up excursion of the beam if
there is a cursor bit in character buffer 65. Buffer 65 is loaded
with data from a data source, not shown, via data channel 43. Each
character is represented in coded form in buffer 65 by six binary
bits. Seven bits are required for the cursor. The characters in
buffer 65 are transferred one at a time to character generator 66.
In order to transfer a character from buffer 65 to character
generator 66 in the proper orientation, control lines 40 and 41 are
also applied to buffer 65.
As pointed out previously, the character is formed on screen 11
during seven up excursions. Vertical scan decode block 59 has an
input from position 16 of counter 58 and inputs from conductors 40
and 41 to properly provide indications of the seven up excursions.
Vertical scan decode block 59 has three binary outputs having
binary bit values 1, 2 and 4 and binary bit values 4, 2 and 1 when
conductors 40 and 41 are energized respectively. The three output
conductors from vertical scan decode block 59 are applied to
character generator 66.
Character generator 66 provides nine bits in parallel to serializer
circuit 67. It will be recalled that during the up excursion of the
bam, only nine of the eleven bits are used for generating the
character. The serialized bits are passed by serializer 67 to video
amplifier 56 via OR circuit 55. It should be noted that the nine
bits passed in parallel by character generator 66 will have an
inverse orientation when conductor 41 is energized. It should be
further noted that the serializer 67 does not pass any bits to
video amplifier 56 until bit three when displaying images to viewer
A, i.e., when conductor 40 is energized but passes bits at bit one
when images are being displayed for viewer B, i.e., when conductor
41 is energized. This control is accomplished by AND circuits 60
and 61.
The wiggle ramp generator 71 is controlled by signals from decode
circuit 70 which has an input from position 16 of counter 58.
Decode circuit 70 provides a signal to wiggle ramp generator 71 for
the up excursion for 11 bits and a signal for the down excursion
for five bits. The control for the ten up and down excursions for
each character is provided by wiggle scan counter 68. Counter 68
has an input connected to position 16 of counter 58. The output of
counter 68 is applied to AND circuit 63 and to character counter
69. Counter 68 has an output for every ten input signals from
counter 58. The output signal from counter 68 is used for
transferring six binary bits at a time from character buffer 65 and
for advancing character counter 69. However, the first two
character positions in a line are blank so as to provide sufficient
time for the circuitry to settle down after character buffer 65 has
been loaded. Thus, OR circuit 62 which conditions AND circuit 63
provides a conditioning signal from character position three time
to character position 42 time, i.e., for 40 character positions. In
this manner, a line of characters are generated. The beam must then
retrace to the beginning of the next line. Retrace takes place
during 14 character position times.
Counter 69 provides inputs to decode circuitry 72 for generating
signals to energize horizontal ramp generator 73 whereby the beam
is driven horizontally for 42 character positions and then retraces
in a reverse direction. During retrace, the beam moves at a faster
speed and retraces in a time allotted for 14 character positions.
Position 56 of counter 69 advances line counter 74. The output of
line counter 74 is decoded by vertical decode circuit 75 which
provides three binary outputs to vertical digital to analog
converter 76. The output of vertical to analog converter 76
positions the beam vertically to each line position as determined
by the outputs from vertical decode circuit 75.
From the foregoing, it is seen that the invention provides an image
display system incorporating a single display device partitioned
into discrete viewing portions or information fields to effect the
function of multiple displays. The viewers do not look directly at
the face of the image display device. This is advantageous because
glare is substantially eliminated and image contrast is enhanced.
The optical components, and image i.e., the mirrors are relatively
inexpensive as compared to lenses and fiber optic devices. Further,
a single deflection system is used for controlling the generation
of the images for the multiple display.
* * * * *