U.S. patent number 3,774,366 [Application Number 05/090,306] was granted by the patent office on 1973-11-27 for box beam structures and connections for beam-supported structures.
Invention is credited to William H. Baker.
United States Patent |
3,774,366 |
Baker |
November 27, 1973 |
BOX BEAM STRUCTURES AND CONNECTIONS FOR BEAM-SUPPORTED
STRUCTURES
Abstract
Box beams are provided having flanged lug sections on one side
thereof adapting them for attachment to other structural components
such as cross supports and beam-supported structures. Connections
are provided for attaching structural components such as purlins to
such beams, for instance, to form a cross-supported beam structure,
in a manner that facilitates assembly and disassembly, and is
adapted for mass fabrication of both components as modular
units.
Inventors: |
Baker; William H. (Albany,
NY) |
Family
ID: |
22222214 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/090,306 |
Filed: |
November 17, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/664; 52/846;
52/665; 52/66; 52/669 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04B
9/064 (20130101); E04B 9/16 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E04B
9/06 (20060101); E04B 9/16 (20060101); E04c
002/42 (); E04b 001/36 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/664,665,666,668,669,729,484,66,321,348,349,350,475,477,488,461-464,731
;287/189.36A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
197,263 |
|
Jul 1965 |
|
SW |
|
661,063 |
|
Nov 1951 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Perham; Alfred C.
Claims
Having regard to the foregoing disclosure, the following are
claimed as the inventive and patentable embodiments thereof:
1. A box beam adapted for fabrication in modular units for
attachment to structural components comprising a box beam body
having four sides in a box configuration and integral therewith, a
flanged lug extending outwardly from the surface of at least one
side and longitudinally of the box beam, the flanged lug being
arranged in spaced sections, a connector engaging the flanged lug,
and a structural component extending between spaced sections of the
lug from one side to the other of the lug and held therein via the
connector, the connector being a pin extending through an aperture
in the body of the structural component and engaging one side of
the flanged lug, and preventing withdrawal of the component from
such engagement.
2. A box beam according to claim 1, having at least two parallel
rows of flanged lugs.
3. A box beam structure according to claim 1, in which the
structural component is a cross support.
4. A box beam structure according to claim 1, in which the
structural component is a track for a movable roof wheel
assembly.
5. A box beam according to claim 1, in which the lug is
right-angled.
6. A box beam according to claim 1, in which the lug is
T-shaped.
7. A cross-supported box beam structure comprising, in combination,
a plurality of box beam supports and a plurality of cross-supports
at an angle of from qbout 45.degree. to about 135.degree. to the
longitudinal axis of the beams; a plurality of lug sections on one
side of a plurality of the box beam supports with gaps between
adjacent lug sections, arranged so that gaps on box beams attached
to cross-supports are in alignment; the cross-supports extending
between and across the box beam supports through the gaps of box
beam support lug sections to which they are attached; apertures
through the body of the cross-supports beneath the lug sections at
such gaps; and pins extending through the apertures for attaching
the cross-supports to the box beams via the lugs, the pins having
one straight end extending through the aper ture and one turned end
extending from beneath the lugs for grapsing the pins to insert
them through and remove them from the apertures.
8. A cross-supported beam structure in accordance with claim 7, in
which the lugs are arranged as parallel rows of
longitudinally-extending beam sections, with the lugs in the form
of right-angled or T-beams, and pairs of pins fitted between rows
of lugs hold the cross supports against movement in the gaps in
either direction.
9. A cross-supported beam structure in accordance with claim 7, in
which the beam supports are composed of modular box beam units.
10. A cross-supported beam structure in accordance with claim 7, in
which the beam supports are made of aluminum.
11. A cross-supported beam structure in accordance with claim 7, in
which the cross-supports are purlins which carry a track for a
movable wall or roof structure.
12. A cross-supported beam structure in accordance with claim 7, in
which the cross supports are purlins which are designed to carry a
roofing structure.
13. A cross-supported beam structure in accordance with claim 7, in
which the gaps are in the form of narrow slots engaging the sides
of the cross supports in a press fit.
14. A cross-supported beam structure comprising, in combination, a
plurality of box beam supports and a plurality of cross-supports at
an angle of from about 45.degree. to about 135.degree. to the
longitudinal axis of the beams; a plurality of lug sections on one
side of a plurality of the box beam supports with gaps between
adjacent lug sections, arranged so that gaps on box beams attached
to cross-supports are in alignment; the cross-supports extending
between and across the box beam supports through gaps of box beam
support lug sections to which they are attached; apertures through
the body of the cross-supports beneath the lug sections at such
gaps; and pins extending through the apertures for attaching the
cross-supports to the box beams via the lugs, the lugs being
right-angled, and the pins fitting snugly in the corner of the
right-angle.
15. A cross-supported beam structure comprising, in combination, a
plurality of box beam supports and a plurality of cross-supports at
an angle of from about 45.degree. to about 135.degree. to the
longitudinal axis of the beams; a plurality of lug sections on one
side of a plurality of the box beam supports with gaps between
adjacent lug sections, arranged so that gaps on box beams attached
to cross-supports are in alignment; the cross-supports extending
between and across the box beam supports through the gaps of box
beam support lug sections to which they are attached; apertures
through the body of the cross-supports beneath the lug sections at
such gaps; and pins extending through the apertures for attaching
the cross-supports to the box beams via the lugs, the lugs being
T-shaped, and the pins fitting snugly in one or both corners of the
T.
Description
Efforts to cut cost and facilitate construction in the building
industry have led to the development of a large variety of modular
types of beams, supports, panels and other types of structures that
can be manufactured at a factory and assembled on the site to build
any kind of structure. In most instances, the modular units require
drilling, tapping and other operations in the course of assembly,
which is of such a nature that it is not easy to disassemble the
structure, either in whole or in part, for repair or for removal of
the structure to another building site. It is, of course, important
that the structure be assembled in a manner to minimize the number
of through ports from outside to inside of the structure, so as to
keep leakage entrances to a minimum. It is also important that the
structure have a sufficient rigidity to withstand any of the types
of weather conditions that are likely to be encountered, as well as
provide adequate interior loading capabilities.
In accordance with the invention, box beams are provided that have
flanged lug sections on at least one side thereof, adapting them
for attachment to other structural components. Preferably, the lug
sections are arranged in parallel rows, two rows on each beam, and
the flanges extend on each side of each lug, in a T-configuration.
Such beams are readily prepared as modular units by extrusion,
lowering costs and ensuring availability in standard sizes.
Connections also are provided for attachmnt of any type of
structural component to such beams via the flanged lugs. Such
connections are arranged so as to engage the lug flanges, attaching
thereto from below, and optionally, also at the sides thereof. Snap
clips can embrace the flanged lugs; pins can engage them from
below; these are merely exemplary.
A preferred embodiment of the invention features means for
attachment of cross supports to beams which permit ready assembly
or disassembly of the structures, without the necessity for any
mechanical shaping, drilling or other fitting operations. Simple
insertion of a removable pin is sufficient to provide a secure,
rigid structure.
Such cross-supported beam structure according to the invention
comprises, in combination, a plurality of beam supports, and a
plurality of cross supports at an angle of from about 45.degree. to
about 135.degree. to the longitudinal axis of the beams; a
plurality of lug sections on one side of a plurality of the beam
supports, with gaps between adjacent lug sections, arranged so that
gaps on beams attached to cross supports are in alignment, the
cross supports extending between and across the beam supports
through the gaps of beam supports to which they are attached;
apertures through the cross supports beneath the lug sections at
such gaps; and means extending through the apertures for attaching
the cross supports to the beams via the lugs, comprising pins
extending through the aperture, and optionally but preferably
having one turned end extending from beneath the lugs for grasping
the pins to insert them through and remove them from the
apertures.
The box beams of the invention are provided with at least one and
preferably two rows of shaped lug sections along at least one
exterior wall or side, to which structural members, cross supports
or other modular unit structures are to be attached. The rows of
flanged lug sections are parallel to each other, and relatively
closely spaced, and extend as far along the beam as is necessary
for the rigidity of attachment desired.
The flanged lugs can have any flanged cross-sectional
configuration, provided the flange can retain a connector of the
invention to the beam. The flange consequently extends outwardly
from the lug. The lug can carry one flange, i.e. a right or left
right-angled-configuration, or two flanges, i.e. a T-configuration,
of which the two flanges can have the same or different widths and
lengths. The lugs can themselves be I- or T- or
right-angled.-beams, attached to or formed in the surface of the
box beams.
Modular box beams can, for example, be extruded of aluminum, with
continuous flanged lugs extending longitudinally therealong, in a
T- or right-angled.-configuration. If intended for use in a large
structure, such as a roof or floor-supporting structure, gaps can
be cut through the rows of lugs at selected intervals, as slots
wide enough to receive cross supports. A press fit between a cross
support or the purlin and beam in the slot is especially
advantageous, for a rigid structure.
The lug sections composing each row of flanged lugs are disposed at
spaced intervals along the beam, with gaps therebetween that are
shaped to receive the cross support members or a portion thereof.
The gaps between lug sections of adjacent or distant beams to be
attached to the supports are preferably in alignment, so that the
cross supports extend end to end between and across the beams via
the gaps. However, the gaps can also be offset, in any arrangement,
in any desired pattern.
The gaps can be aligned at an angle to the beams that is
appropriate for the cross support structure desired. Usually, the
gaps are set at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the beams,
but any angular position can, of course, be selected. Usually, the
angle will be within the range from about 45.degree. to about
135.degree., with respect to the beam's longitudinal axis.
These flanged lug or box beams can receive any of a variety of
types of connectors, and the structure of the connector is selected
according to the structural component to be attached to the box
beam.
In the case of cross supports, a convenient type of connector is a
pin, passing through an aperture in the cross support beneath the
flanged lug. The cross supports, which can, for example, be
purlins, having a flat, I- or T-beam configuration, are provided
with apertures at spaced intervals, corresponding to the spacing of
the beam supports, at a location such that when the cross supports
are in position in the gaps across the box beams, there is an
aperture beneath at least one longitudinally-extending flange of at
least one lug section of each beam to which it is to be attached.
Two apertures can be provided, one on each side of each lug, and
parallel rows of lugs also can be provided, in which case the cross
supports can have apertures on either or both sides of each lug,
between or outside each row of lug sections.
The apertures in the cross supports can be arrange for attachment
of the cross supports to the beams at any position along the cross
supports. End attachment of each cross support is usually required
in any structure. In a beam structure extending over a large area,
a number of connections to intermediate beams may be useful, in
which case intermediate apertures are also provided.
Pin connectors of the invention are especially useful in attaching
cross supports end-to-end to box beam supports, to form a long
roof, wall, or floor structure. In this case, the box beams should
be provided with two parallel rows of lugs, and the cross supports
are then placed end-to-end, with the end of one through a gap in
one row of lugs, and the abutting end of the next cross support
through the gap in the parallel row of lugs on the same box beam.
The pins lock the ends of the supports in place, and because at
opposite ends of the cross support the pins are on opposite sides
of the lugs, sliding of the cross supports in the slots is
inhibited by the pin connectors.
The pin connectors in accordance with the invention can be round,
triangular, square, or polygonal in cross-section, sized to fit
snugly in the apertures of the cross supports in a press fit, and
when in position therethrough to lodge securely against the lug
flange and body, preferably one on opposite sides of each lug or
pair of lugs, to prevent sliding movement of the cross supports
with respect to the beams, as well as to prevent removal of the
cross supports from the gaps in the beams, by lodging beneath the
flanges as well as against the bodies of the lugs.
Each connector pin has a straight shaft portion, for insertion in
the aperture and lodging against the body and flange of the lug.
The pins can be entirely straight, from end to end. Usually,
however, it is more convenient to provide a turned end of
sufficient length to project out from beneath the flange, for
access thereto beyond the lug flange. The turned end (or the
straight end, if there is no turned end) provides a base against
which force can be applied, such as by a hammer or pliers, in
inserting the pin into and through and removing the pin from the
apertures. After the pin has been inserted, if the pin and aperture
are round, a turned end can be turned downwardly against the lug
body, so that it is out of the way, concealed beneath the lug.
To disassemble the structure, one merely pushes the pin out of the
aperture, releasing the cross support from the beam, which can then
be removed.
A turned end also provides a convenient means for disassembly of
the structure. All that is ncessary to take the structure down is
to turn the pin so that the turned pin end can be grasped, and then
withdraw it from its aperture.
It will be apparent that any cross-sectional configuration of cross
support can be used, and that the gaps across the lugs can be
shaped accordingly. Thus, I-beams, T-beams, box beams and other
types of cross support configurations can be used.
The flanged lug box beams of the invention, with or without cross
supports, can also be used to support a number of types of
structural components, which can be attached to the flanged lugs by
clips. The clips are provided with gripping ends that attach to the
flanged lugs, at the outside edge, the inside edge, or both. Such
clips can be resilient, i.e., snap clips, and therefore removable.
They can also effect a permanent connection.
The clips are useful to attach roofing, wall panels, movable roof
tracks, insulation sheets, acoustic panels, lighting shields, and
other structures to the beams. The clips can grip the lugs between
other structural components, such as cross supports.
The box beams and connectors of the invention as well as the cross
supports used therewith can be made of metal or of plastic. Since
the invention is especially intended for use as and with modular
units, extrudable metals are particularly useful, such as, for
example, aluminum, aluminum alloys, and titanium alloys, as well as
structural steel. Plastics are also well suited for manufacture in
extruded or molded shapes, and where they have sufficient strength
they can also be employed. Typical useful plastics include
polyamides, such as nylon, polycarbonates, polystyrene,
phenol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde,
polyester, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polytrifluorochloroethylene
polymers. Plastic-coated metal structures are also useful,
particularly where corrosion and weathering are to be
inhibited.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings,
in which:
FIG. 1 represents an isometric view of one end of a box beam of the
invention with two parallel rows of flanged lug sections, and
showing a purlin in place between two lug sections;
FIG. 2 represents an isometric view showing the end of the purlin
in FIG. 1, before attachment to the box beam of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-section of another portion of the box beam shown
in FIG. 1, showing two abutting purlins connected at their ends to
the lugs thereof;
FIG. 4 shows in cross-section another embodiment of box beam, with
another type of lug flange configuration;
FIG. 5 shows a clip connector for attaching a structural component
such as a track support for a movable roof structure;
FIG. 6 shows in cross-section a movable roof structure supported on
a cross-supported-box beam structure of the invention; and
FIG. 7 is a view from the bottom of the cross-supported-box beam
structure of FIG. 6.
The beam structure 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 of the box type, made of
extruded aluminum, with the exposed top exterior surface 2 provided
with three channels 3, 4, 5 and two raised portions 6, 7 between
the channels. The channels serve as gutters. Each raised portion 6,
7 extends longitudinally along the longitudinal axis of the box
beam, from end to end, and integral therewith are two lugs 8, 9,
which are parallel and which have a T-configuration, with a
supporting body or base 10, 11 and flat T-tops 12, 13 integral
therewith, defining flanges 14, 15, 16, 17 extending on each side
of the supporting base 10, 11, with the two facing flanges 15, 16
being slightly narrower than the outside flanges 14, 17.
A plurality of slots 20, 21 are cut across each of the lugs at
spaced intervals, for reception of cross supports, such as the
purlins 25. The cross support or purlin 25 is also an extruded
piece. The purlins can have any desired cross-sectional
configuration, but the I-configuration shown is especially useful
in a horizontal purlin for a roof, with a groove or slot 26
extending longitudinally of the flanged top 27 thereof. The top 27
and supporting body 28 project beyond the base 30 on each end
thereof, and the body 28 is shaped with a longitudinal groove 29,
circular in cross-section, extending from end to end, to facilitate
attachment to other building components. The base 30 of the purline
25 has flanged sides 31, 32. The top 27 and end of body 28 extend
sufficiently beyond the end of base 30 to project into the slot 20
of lug 8 of the beam, but not to the lug 9, due to the end of the
base 30 abutting the base 10 of the lug 8, and at the same time the
base 30 rests squarely on the surface 2 and raised portion 6 of the
box beam.
The purlin is locked in this position by the round pin 50, which
extends through the aperture 51 at the end of the purlin. The pin
50 fits snugly against the lower face of the flange 15, and also
against the base 10 of the lug, and in this position locks the end
of the purlin firmly in place in slot 20 on the beam, in which it
fits snugly in a press fit.
In installation, the purlin end is readily inserted in the slot 20
in the beam, and locked in the position shown in FIG. 1. All that
is necessary is that the end of the purlin be pushed through the
slot 20 until the base 30 abuts base 10. The pin is then inserted
in the aperture 51, with the turned end 50 facing out and up, and
the pin is then driven home by striking the end 52 with a hammer.
The hammer is then used to rotate the lug downwardly, as shown in
FIG. 1, so the turned end faces in and is concealed between the two
lugs 8, 9.
FIG. 3 shows completion of the next step, after insertion of a
second purlin 25' in the slot 21 of the beam, and fastening this
purlin in place by inserting pin 50' through aperture 51' of purlin
25' beneath flange 16 of lug 9. The abutting purlin ends are spaced
slightly apart, to allow for dimensional changes of the purlins
with temperature.
In a similar manner, the other ends of the purlins 25, 25' (not
shown) are attached to beams at another portion of the structure.
They may also be attached to beams at intermediate portions along
their length. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, only one pin is needed at
each end to lock the purlins in place, because the pins at each end
are on opposite sides of the lugs beneath which they are attached,
and thus prevent sliding of the purlin.
The lugs in FIGS. 1 to 3 have straight flanges. To obtain a more
secure locking of the pins in position, and help to prevent any
sidewise movement of the cross supports in the slots, it is also
possible to form the lug flanges with a downturned portion, as
shown in FIG. 4. In this case, the pins 50 are arranged to engage
the body of the lug 40, the bottom of flange 42, and the downturned
portion 44 of the flange. In this case, to facilitate insertion of
the pins in the apertures, the ends 45 of the pins can be provided
with an S-curve, to fit beneath the downturned flange of the
lug.
FIGS. 5 and 6 show how the box beams of the invention (for
illustration, cross-supported as in FIGS. 1 to 3, but this is not
essential) can support a movable roof structure. The box beams 1 in
between the purlins 25 carry aluminum box clips 18, whose twin
gripping ends 19 terminate in flanged tips 22 whose bases bear on
the tops of the lugs 8, 9, and which embrace the exterior flanges
14, 17 of lugs 8, 9 of the beam 1. The clips, which are in the form
of channels that are extruded in this configuration, are attached
at spaced intervals, to allow the purlins to cross between the lug
sections to the movable roof track structure 23. The track
structure includes track portion 24, exterior guides 33, and
interior guides 34, arranged to accommodate the wheel-supporting
frame 35 and retain it on the track. It will be apparent that the
structure is easy both to assemble and to disassemble, with the
clips being slid over or snapped onto the flanged lugs 8, 9, on
installation, and removed in a similar manner. In this same way,
clips can be used to attach wall, roof, and floor paneling to the
box beams.
The clips 18 can be modified so that their gripping ends grasp the
interior flanges 15, 16 of the flanged lugs 8, 9, with equivalent
results. The structure of the clip is of course chosen with regard
to the component to be attached. The box clip 18 is stronger than a
clip with a single base, but a single base clip may be preferable
for a wall panel, since the clip in that case need not carry a
load.
* * * * *