U.S. patent number 3,771,568 [Application Number 05/312,667] was granted by the patent office on 1973-11-13 for ink analyzer and compensator.
This patent grant is currently assigned to A. B. Dick Company. Invention is credited to Vincent E. Bischoff, Robert I. Keur.
United States Patent |
3,771,568 |
Bischoff , et al. |
November 13, 1973 |
INK ANALYZER AND COMPENSATOR
Abstract
In an ink drop writing system a vibrating nozzle forms drops,
which are thereafter deflected electrostatically, whereby
characters or waveforms are written on paper by the deflected
drops. The fluid resonance of the ink must be considered in the
design of the nozzle if good drop formation and printing is to be
obtained. This invention maintains a desired fluid resonance by
compensating for the effects of evaporation on fluid resonance.
Inventors: |
Bischoff; Vincent E. (River
Grove, IL), Keur; Robert I. (Niles, IL) |
Assignee: |
A. B. Dick Company (Chicago,
IL)
|
Family
ID: |
23212468 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/312,667 |
Filed: |
December 6, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
137/805; 137/827;
347/7 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41J
2/195 (20130101); F15C 1/04 (20130101); Y10T
137/2191 (20150401); Y10T 137/2071 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
2/17 (20060101); B41J 2/195 (20060101); F15C
1/00 (20060101); F15C 1/04 (20060101); F15c
001/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;73/54 ;346/75,140
;137/803,804,805,807,812,815,816,818,819,825,832,827,834,829,835 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Scott; Samuel
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A system for maintaining the velocity of sound through an ink
contained in a reservoir, which is used in an ink jet writing
system, substantially constant, said system comprising:
means for generating a sonic pulse,
transmitting transducer means for applying said sonic pulse to said
ink,
receiving transducer means positioned a predetermined distance away
from said transmitting transducer means for producing an output
pulse responsive to receiving the pulse applied to said ink,
means for measuring the interval elapsed between the application of
said sonic pulse by said transmitting transducer to said ink, and
the time said receiving transducer provides an output pulse,
a source of solvent, and
means responsive to said interval differing from a predetermined
time interval for adding a predetermined amount of solvent from
said source to said ink.
2. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein said means for generating
a sonic pulse includes means for generating a clock pulse having a
duration equal to said predetermined interval, and
said means for measuring the interval elapsed between the
application of said sonic pulse by said transmitting transducer to
said ink and the time said receiving transducer provides an output
pulse comprises,
gate means to which said clock pulse and output pulse of said
receiving transducer are applied for producing a gate output pulse
when said output pulse of said receiving transducer occurs prior to
the termination of said clock pulse, and
means for applying said gate output pulse to said means for adding
a predetermined amount of solvent to enable it to add solvent from
said source to said ink for a predetermined interval.
3. In an ink drop writing system wherein it is desired to maintain
the speed of sound through the mixture of ink-solvent which is
used, substantially constant, a system comprising:
a sonic transmitting transducer positioned within said ink-solvent
mixture,
a sonic receiving transducer positioned a predetermined distance
from said transmitting transducer within said ink solvent,
a source of solvent,
normally closed valve means for permitting, when opened, a
predetermined amount of solvent from said source, to be added to
said ink and solvent mixture,
means for applying a pulse signal to said transmitting transducer
to be transmitted through said ink-solvent mixture and received by
said receiving transducer, which produces a transducer signal
responsive thereto,
means for measuring the interval required for said pulse signal to
travel between said transmitting transducer and said receiving
transducer, and producing an output signal when said interval is
less than a predetermined value, and
means responsive to said output signal for opening said valve means
for a predetermined interval, whereby a predetermined amount of
solvent is added to said ink and solvent mixture.
4. A system as recited in claim 3 wherein said means for measuring
the interval required for said pulse to travel between said
transmitting transducer and said receiving transducer
comprises:
an AND gate comparator,
means to apply said pulse signal which drives said transmitting
transducer also to said AND gate comparator, and
means for applying said transducer signal receiving transducer to
said AND gate comparator whereby the output of the AND gate
comparator is indicative that the interval required for said pulse
signal to travel from said transmitting to said receiving
transducer through said ink-solvent mixture is less than a
predetermined interval.
5. Apparatus as recited in claim 3 wherein said means for opening
said valve means over a predetermined interval when the interval
for a pulse to travel between said transmitting and receiving
transducer is less than a predetermined interval includes:
a two input AND gate,
means for applying a clock signal to one input of said AND gate
simultaneously with the application of a pulse signal to said
transmitting transducer, and
means to apply the transducer signal of said receiving transducer
to the other input of said AND gate to enable said AND gate when it
occurs in the presence of said clock signal,
a one-shot circuit providing an output for a predetermined interval
in response to an input pulse,
means to apply the output of said AND gate to said one-shot
circuit, and
means to apply the output of said one-shot circuit to said valve
means.
6. Apparatus as recited in claim 5 wherein said means to apply the
output of said one-shot circuit to said valve means includes:
a delay circuit, for delaying the application of the output of said
one-shot circuit to said valve means for a predetermined
interval.
7. In an ink drop writing system wherein it is desired to maintain
the velocity of sound through an ink-solvent mixture contained in a
reservoir substantially constant, apparatus comprising:
a sonic transmitting transducer positioned within said ink-solvent
mixture,
a sonic receiving transducer positioned within said ink-solvent
mixture at a predetermined distance from said transmitting
transducer,
normally closed valve means for enabling solvent to be added from
said source to said ink solvent mixture when open,
a source of clock pulses having a predetermined width,
means responsive to the leading edge of a pulse from said source to
apply a pulse to said transmitting transducer, whereby said
receiving transducer will provide a transducer pulse at an interval
thereafter determined by the time required for the pulse from said
transmitter transducer to travel through said ink-solvent mixture
to said receiving transducer,
And gate means,
means for applying a clock pulse from said source to said AND gate
means,
means for applying said transducer pulse to said AND gate means
whereby said AND gate means provides an output when said pulse from
said receiving transducer for providing a transducer pulse occurs
during the interval of said clock pulse, and
means responsive to said AND gate means output for enabling said
valve means to be opened for a predetermined interval.
8. Apparatus as recited in claim 7 wherein said means for applying
said AND gate means output to said valve means includes:
a delay circuit for delaying application of subsequent pulses to
said valve means until the solvent which has been added by the last
operation of said valve means has been dispersed through said
solvent ink mixture.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to ink drop printing systems, and more
particularly, to improvements therein.
In a U.S. Pat. No. 3,683,396, there is described a technique for
designing a nozzle for ink drop writing apparatus in a manner to
create fast satellite ink drops whereby better drop charging and
thereby improved ink drop writing is made to occur, and also in a
manner to improve the efficiency of operation of an ink drop
writing system. As the ink stream emitted by a vibrating nozzle is
broken up into drops, it is noted that each drop is accompanied by
a small drop known as a satellite. Describing this separation in
more detail, when a drop is formed there is a fine filament of the
fluid that connects the drop to the stream just before separation.
This filament forms a satellite. If the drop separates from the
filament before the filament separates from the stream, the
filament will form into a satellite whose speed will be less than
that of the drop, which is known as a slow satellite condition. If
the filament separates from the stream before it separates from the
drop, the filament will form into a satellite whose speed is
greater than that of the drop, resulting in a fast satellite
condition. There is an intermediate satellite condition which
occurs when the drop and filament separate simultaneously,
resulting in the satellite speed being the same as that of the
drop. In the fast satellite condition, the charge applied to the
drop also charges the satellite, where as in the other satellite
conditions, charge must be applied to both drop and satellite to
insure that the satellite will not arrive at the paper at a
location outside of the character or waveshape being formed,
otherwise, the drop writing has a poor and sloppy appearance.
It should be appreciated that the synchronism of the drop charge
inducing voltages is much less difficult with a fast satellite
condition than with a slow satellite condition because the charging
voltage need only be synchronous with one separation per drop
period, instead of two separations per drop period, which is
resorted to, if the satellite is to receive a charge which will
direct it to the proper location. Operation in a fast satellite
condition is facilitated by designing the nozzle for fluid
resonance. In the design of the nozzle for fluid resonance, its
internal length is determined by the formula F=N/4 .sup.. V.sub.f
/L.sub.f is the internal length of the nozzle, and F is the desired
frequency of resonance. The frequency of resonance is determined
amongst other things, by the frequency in which the nozzle is
vibrated.
From the foregoing formula, it is seen that once a nozzle is
designed and built, the only variable which is left at a fixed F,
is V.sub.f for the speed of sound through the fluid in the nozzle.
Normally, the ink which is to be used is contained in a reservoir
out of which it is pumped to thereafter pass through the vibrating
nozzle. The ink contains a solvent. Evaporation of this solvent
from the ink, alters the velocity of sound through the ink, thereby
shifting the fluid resonance of the nozzle and thereby changing the
drive requirement.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of this invention is to provide an arrangement for
maintaining the velocity of sound through the ink, in an ink drop
writing system substantially constant despite the presence of
evaporation.
Another object of this invention is the provision of a novel and
useful ink parameter monitoring and maintenance system.
This invention measures the velocity of sound periodically through
the ink and, if it departs from the predetermined value, this
invention adds solvent to the ink to compensate for the solvent
which has been evaporated to restore the solution to a condition
whereby the speed of sound again attains a desired value. Thie is
accomplished by measuring the interval required for a sonic pulse
to travel through the ink a predetermined distance. If the interval
varies from a predetermined value, a value is operated to permit
solvent from a source to flow into the ink reservoir.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the
invention.
FIG. 2 is a series of waveform diagrams which are shown to assist
in an understanding of the operation of the circuit arrangement,
shown in FIG. 1 .
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of an ink parameter monitoring
arrangement for sensing the velocity of sound in the ink, together
with a container 10 for ink solvent, and a valve 12 which is
operated when it is desired to permit ink solvent to be metered
from the container 10 into an ink reservoir 14. The ink reservoir
14 is connected through a pipe 16, shown in fragmentary fashion to
the ink nozzle, (not shown) which comprises the ink jet writing
system. Ink jet writing systems of the type with which this
invention is concerned, are briefly shown and described in the
aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,683,396, and U.S. Pat. No.
3,512,172, amongst others.
In accordance with this invention, a clock pulse generator 20,
which may be the clock pulse generator for the ink jet writing
system, applies a clock pulse to a transducer driver 22, and to an
inverter amplifier 26. The transducer driver 22, applies a pulse to
a sonic transmitting transducer 25, in response to the clock
pulse.
FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram shown to assist in an understanding of
the invention. Waveform A represents the clock output of inverter
amplifier 26. Waveform B is a sound pulse or acoustic pulse output
from transducer driver 22 which is applied to the transducer 25,
upon the occurrence of each leading edge of a clock pulse.
The sonic transducer 25, transmit a pulse through the ink to a
second sonic receiving transducer 28. The received pulse, shown in
FIG. 2 as waveform C, is supplied to the receive amplifier 38 and
is a positive going pulse to AND gate 30. A second input to the AND
gate 30 is an output of the inverter amplifier 26. Accordingly, if
the pulse received by the receiving transducer 28, as represented
by waveform C, is received before the negative going trailing edge
of the clock pulse A, has occurred then, gate 30, under these
circumstances is enabled, that is, with the input from the receive
amplifier 38 being positive, before the clock pulse positive going
trailing edge occurs, and the gate then applies an output to the
one-shot circuit 32. One-shot circuit 32 applies a pulse of a
predetermined duration, exemplified by 150 microseconds, to a delay
circuit 34. The output of the delay circuit is applied through an
amplifier driver 36 to the valve 12, and maintains it open for the
interval determined by the interval of the one-shot. Thereby, a
predetermined amount of solvent is added to the ink in the ink
reservoir 14.
If the receive pulse coming from transducer 28 occurs
simultaneously with or after the occurrence of the trailing edge of
the clock pulse A, then AND gate 30 is not enabled, and the valve
will not be opened. If the receive pulse coming from transducer 28
occurs before the trailing edge of the clock pulse A, the valve
will be opened. Accordingly, when the time required for the sonic
pulse to travel between the two transducers through the ink is less
than the interval of the clock pulse, it is known that enough
solvent is evaporated so that the speed of sound through the ink is
not proper for operation of the nozzle at the fluid resonance
region desired. If the interval measured by the speed of the sonic
pulse over the distance between the two transducers is greater than
the interval of the clock pulse, then there is too much solvent in
the ink and the system will not operate to add solvent until a
sufficient amount is evaporated to bring the circuit that adds
solvent into operation.
It should be appreciated from the foregoing that the width of the
clock pulse or the interval over which it occurs is adjusted to be
equal to the time required for sound to travel through the ink
between transducers 25 and 28, when the ink has a consistency which
provides a desired velocity of sound.
The reason for the use of the delay circuit 34 is to insure that
the system does not operate to add solvent again, once solvent has
been added until such time as the solvent which has just been added
has had a chance to be mixed throughout the ink in the reservoir. A
suitable delay interval is readily determined from this "mixing
interval."
There has accordingly been described and shown herein, a novel and
useful arrangement for maintaining a predetermined substantially
constant velocity of sound for the ink.
* * * * *