U.S. patent number 3,770,950 [Application Number 05/276,517] was granted by the patent office on 1973-11-06 for electric light system for a motor-driven appliance.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Schick Incorporated. Invention is credited to J. Edward Brenneman, Ray H. Enders.
United States Patent |
3,770,950 |
Brenneman , et al. |
November 6, 1973 |
ELECTRIC LIGHT SYSTEM FOR A MOTOR-DRIVEN APPLIANCE
Abstract
A compact light-weight electric shaver includes a DC motor, a
bridge rectifier for converting the AC line current to DC line
current, and a low-voltage electric lamp for illuminating the work
area adjacent the shaver. The lamp is connected in series between
the bridge rectifier and the motor to obviate the need for a
low-voltage power supply, and a zener diode is connected across the
lamp to provide a constant illumination level and to prevent the
current through the lamp from exceeding the rating of the lamp when
the motor is starting or operating under heavy load.
Inventors: |
Brenneman; J. Edward
(Lancaster, PA), Enders; Ray H. (Columbia, PA) |
Assignee: |
Schick Incorporated (Lancaster,
PA)
|
Family
ID: |
23056946 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/276,517 |
Filed: |
July 31, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
362/115;
30/DIG.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B26B
19/28 (20130101); B26B 19/46 (20130101); Y10S
30/01 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B26B
19/46 (20060101); B26B 19/28 (20060101); B26B
19/00 (20060101); B26B 19/38 (20060101); F21v
033/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;240/2BB,2MT,2R,2VC
;323/9 ;30/DIG.1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Silicon Zener Diode and Rectifier Handbook, Second Edition, 1961,
pg. 75, 80, 81, 87, Motorola Semiconductor Products
Division..
|
Primary Examiner: Moses; Richard L.
Claims
We claim:
1. A system for illuminating the work area of a motor-driven
appliance comprising:
a motor having a running current requirement and a greater peak
current requirement;
a source of current capable of supplying the operating requirements
of said motor;
an electric lamp having a predetermined maximum allowable current
level for illuminating said work area;
means for establishing an electrical circuit serially including
said electric lamp between said current source and said motor to
supply said running and peak current requirements of said motor,
said supplied current on occasions exceeding said predetermined
maximum allowable current of said lamp; and
means coupled to said electric lamp for limiting the current
therethrough to a level less than said predetermined maximum
allowable level.
2. A system for illuminating the work area of a motor-driven
appliance as defined in claim 1 wherein said motor is a DC motor
and said current source is unidirectional.
3. A system for illuminating the work area of a motor-driven
appliance as defined in claim 2 wherein said motor-driven appliance
is operable from an AC line and said source of unidirectional
current comprises a rectifier-type power supply.
4. A system for illuminating the work area of a motor-driven
appliance as defined in claim 1 wherein said current limiting means
comprise a zener diode.
5. A system for illuminating the work area of a motor-driven
appliance as defined in claim 4 wherein said zener diode is
connected across said electric lamp.
6. A system for illuminating the work area of a motor-driven
appliance as defined in claim 1 wherein said predetermined maximum
allowable current level is substantially equal to said running
current requirement of said motor.
7. A system for illuminating the work area of a motor-driven
appliance as defined in claim 1 wherein said electric lamp
comprises an incandescent lamp having a rated current level
substantially corresponding to said predetermined maximum allowable
current level.
8. A system for illuminating the work area of a motor-driven
appliance operable from an AC line comprising:
a DC motor having a running current requirement and a greater peak
starting current requirement;
means comprising a rectifier circuit for converting said AC line
current to a unidirectional current capable of supplying said
operating requirements of said motor;
an incandescent electric lamp having a predetermined current rating
for illuminating said work area;
means for establishing an electrical circuit between said rectifier
circuit and said motor which serially includes said incandescent
lamp for supplying said required current to said motor, said
supplied current on occasions exceeding said current rating of said
incandescent lamp; and
means comprising a zener diode connected across said incandescent
lamp for limiting the current therethrough to a level not exceeding
said rated level.
9. A system for illuminating the work area of a motor-driven
appliance as defined in claim 8 wherein said current rating of said
incandescent lamp corresponds substantially to said running current
requirement of said DC motor.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to electric light circuits, and more
particularly to an electric light circuit for a motor-driven
electric appliance.
Small hand-held motor-driven line-operated appliances, such as
electric shavers and electric drills, are often used in areas
having poor illumination, making it difficult or impossible to
operate the appliances without additional illumination.
Accordingly, it is highly desirable that such appliances include an
integral source of illumination for their adjacent work area.
The wide disparity between the relatively high operating voltage of
the 120-volt motors generally employed in such appliances, and the
relatively low operating voltage of available lamps which combine
sufficient light output with the necessary degree of
miniaturization, make it impractical to power a lamp in such
appliances directly from the AC line. Thus, in the case of
appliances with AC motors it has become standard practice to
provide a tap or an additional winding on the motor to obtain the
necessary low-voltage current. However, many hand-held appliances
use permanent-magnet DC motors because of the substantial savings
in cost, size, and weight these motors provide over comparable AC
motors, and in these appliances a tapped motor winding is not
available as a low-voltage current source. Instead, in these
appliances it has become standard practice to utilize one or more
series-connected voltage-dropping elements between the AC line and
the low-voltage lamp. While these elements can be resistors, the
large power dissipation required of resistors and the attendant
problems of cooling and insulating them have made it more desirable
to incorporate a series reactance instead. Thus, it has become
standard practice to provide a capacitor in series between the AC
line and the low-voltage lamp in many DC motor-powered
appliances.
Unfortunately, mylar and other AC-type capacitors suitable for this
purpose occupy a relatively large volume within an appliance, where
space is often at a premium. This is especially true in such small
hand-held appliances as ladies electric shavers, where the need for
illumination is more pronounced because the appliance is normally
not used in front of an illuminated mirror, and where weight and
size factors contribute heavily to customer acceptance.
Furthermore, mylar capacitors are relatively expensive components
and, therefore, present an undesirable additional cost burden in
the highly competitive electric shaver industry.
Accordingly, it is a general object of the present invention to
provide a new and improved work area illumination circuit for a
motor-driven appliance.
It is a more specific object of the present invention to provide a
more economical and compact illumination circuit for a motor-driven
appliance.
Accordingly, the invention is directed to a system for illuminating
the work area of a motor-driven appliance. The system comprises a
motor having a running current requirement and a greater peak
starting current requirement, a source of current capable of
supplying the operating requirements of the motor, and an electric
lamp having a predetermined maximum allowable current rating for
illuminating the work area. Circuit means coupled between the
current source and the motor and serially including the electric
lamp are also included for supplying the required current to the
motor, the supplied current exceeding the predetermined maximum
allowable current rating of the lamp. Means coupled to the electric
lamp are also provided for limiting the current therethrough to a
level less than the predetermined maximum allowable level.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The features of the present invention, which are believed to be
novel, are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The
invention, together with the further objects and advantages
thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following
description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in
the several figures of which like reference numerals identify like
elements, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a ladies electric shaver
incorporating an electric light circuit constructed in accordance
with the invention; FIG. 2 is a top view, partially fragmentary, of
the electric shaver taken along lines 2--2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of the electric shaver of
FIG. 1 taken along lines 3--3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the electric shaver of
FIG. 1.
Referring now to FIG. 1, the invention is shown as incorporated
into a compact, light-weight, ladies electric shaver 10. The shaver
is seen to have a housing formed by two complimentary half sections
11 and 12 formed of a high impact plastic or similar nonconductive
material. The lower end of the housing forms a handle for the
shaver and the upper end is widened to accommodate a shaving head.
The lower portion of the shaving head comprises a three tier
stationary comb blade 13 mounted on a carriage block 14. Comb blade
13, carriage block 14, and the underlying cutting blade together
form a novel unitary cartridge assembly which can be removed at
will. The cartridge assembly may be frictionally held in position
between the extended half sections of the housing which define the
shaver head, or may be secured by means of a spring clip or machine
screw. Removal of the cartridge is facilitated by an ejection
control 15, which is slidably mounted in opposed recesses in the
handle portions of the housing sections and is disposed to push up
on the cartridge when actuated. A single-pole single-throw switch
17 is carried near the bottom end of the housing to enable the
shaver to be turned on and off at will.
The upper portion of the shaving head comprises a transparent
plastic lens 16 for illuminating the work area adjacent the shaver
head. This lens is preferably formed to extend around the top edge
of the shaver head and may have one or more of its surfaces scored
or otherwise treated to better diffuse light passing through from
an underlying source of illumination. In FIG. 2 the lens is seen to
overlie an electric lamp 18, and to have its undersurface scored
adjacent the lamp with a large number of parallel lines 19 to
diffuse the light from the lamp. It will be appreciated that for
certain purposes it may be desirable to focus this light on a
particular point, and that for other purposes it may be desirable
to widely diffuse the light, and that in either case this can be
accomplished by appropriate modification of lens 14.
Referring now to FIG. 3, the shaver in cross section is seen to
include an electric motor 20, which, for the previously mentioned
reasons of size, weight, and economy, may be a conventional
permanent magnet type designed to operate from DC current. It will
be appreciated that, while a permanent magnet DC motor is shown,
other types of motors and other types of electromechanical
transducers, such as solenoid-driven vibrators, could be used in
appropriate instances in conjunction with the invention. An
eccentric drive member 21 is mounted on the output shaft 22 of the
motor. This member includes an off-center pin 23 which engages a
slot-shaped recess in one end of a connecting arm 24. As the motor
turns, drive member 21 rotates and imparts a reciprocating motion
to connecting arm 24. The other end of arm 24 is operatively
engaged with a cutting blade 25, which is slidably mounted on
carriage clock 14 immediately beneath stationary comb 13. As blade
25 is caused to reciprocate under comb 13 by connecting arm 24, it
coacts with comb 13 to achieve the desired shaver cutting
action.
Power for shaver 10 is obtained by means of a line cord (not shown)
which plugs into a standard two-prong male socket 26 on the bottom
of the shaver handle. Lamp 18, which may have either pigtail-type
connecting leads or a standard bayonet or screw-type base, is held
in position by means of an appropriate socket 27.
Referring now to the schematic diagram of FIG. 4, one terminal of
socket 26 is connected by a current-limiting resistor 28 to one
input terminal of a bridge rectifier 29. The remaining terminal of
socket 26 is connected through switch 17 to the remaining input
terminal of the bridge rectifier. Bridge rectifier 29 comprises
four diodes 30-33 connected in a standard bridge configuration.
Specifically, the cathode of diode 30 and the anode of diode 31 are
connected to resistor 28 and the cathode of diode 32 and the anode
of diode 33 are connected to switch 17. The anode of diodes 30 and
32 are connected together to form a negative output terminal 34 for
the bridge rectifier, and the cathodes of diodes 31 and 33 are
connected together to form a positive output terminal 35. Negative
output terminal 34 is connected directly to the negative input
terminal of the motor, and positive output terminal 35 is connected
to the remaining motor input terminal through lamp 18.
In accordance with the invention, a current limiting means in the
form of a zener diode 36 is connected across lamp 18 to prolong
lamp life and provide a more uniform illumination level during
variations in motor loading. Specifically, the anode of zener diode
36 is connected to terminal 35 and the cathode is connected to
motor 20 so that the diode, in effect, forms a shunt path for
current around lamp 18. While a zener diode is shown in the present
embodiment it will be appreciated that other types of elements
having an avalanche characteristic, i.e. having a predetermined
conduction threshold voltage at which they begin to conduct, or
their circuit equivalents, could be used as well.
In operation, and assuming switch 17 is closed, AC power is applied
through resistor 28 to bridge rectifier 29. As a result, a DC
current is developed across terminals 34 and 35, and motor 20,
which is effectively connected across these terminals, begins to
operate. Resistor 28 serves as a current limiting device at this
point to inhibit arcing between commutator segments as current is
first applied to the motor.
Initially, motor 20 may draw a starting current of three to five
times its full load current. Absent zener diode 36, this starting
current would flow through lamp 18, resulting in an overrated
condition and an annoying high intensity flash each time the motor
is started. The repeated overrated condition would eventually
result in premature lamp failure. Zener diode 36 eliminates this
condition by limiting the voltage across the lamp to the conduction
threshold voltage of the diode.
When the motor is running under normal load, the circuit parameters
are selected so that lamp 18 produces its full rated light output.
This is accomplished by selecting lamp 18 to have a rated current
approximately equal to or less than that of motor 20, and by
selecting the conduction threshold of zener diode 36 to be
approximately equal to the rated voltage of the lamp. Now, should
the motor current increase, as during starting, zener diode 36
conducts more heavily and shunts current away from lamp 18. This
maintains the voltage drop across lamp 18 at the threshold voltage
level of the diode, which corresponds to the rating of lamp 18.
Thus, the lamp is protected from having an applied voltage, and,
hence, an applied current, in excess of its ratings. Furthermore,
the lamp is caused to operate without the annoying flash which
would otherwise accompany each start.
In one embodiment of a ladies electric shaver incorporating the
invention, a DC motor is used which has a running current of 60
milliamperes. The lamp selected has a rating of 28 volts at 40
milliamperes, the zener diode has a conduction threshold of 28
volts, and the motor is designed to operate at 92 volts. Although
the motor current may increase to 120-220 milliamperes while
starting, the current through the lamp is effectively limited to 40
milliamperes by reason of voltage across the lamp being limited to
28 volts.
In some instances it may be desirable to select a zener diode
having a higher or lower conduction threshold than the voltage
rating of the lamp. For example, if the motor in the above example
had had a running current at or slightly below the rating of the
lamp, say 40 milliamperes instead of 60 milliamperes, or if the
zener diode had had a wide conduction threshold tolerance, it might
have been desirable to select a zener diode having a threshold
voltage above the rated voltage of the lamp, say 30 volts instead
of 28 volts, to insure full illumination of the lamp. Another
example is where the zener diode is selected to have a threshold
voltage below the rated voltage of the lamp to prolong the life of
the lamp. The disadvantage with this is that full illumination is
not obtained from the lamp and the resulting light may have an
undesirable yellow cast.
It will be appreciated that the illustrated electric shaver will
operate from direct current as well as alternating current, the
bridge rectifier network functioning during DC operation to
establish the DC current at the proper polarity on terminals 34 and
35. Furthermore, it is possible to utilize the invention in
connection with AC lines of different voltages and frequencies, or
in connection with a dual voltage, e.g. 120-220 volt shaver by
selecting appropriate components for the circuit. It is also
contemplated that the invention could be practiced in connection
with an AC motor by connecting two zener diodes having an
appropriate threshold in opposed polarization across the lamp.
Thus, a novel lighting circuit has been shown for electric shavers
and other small motor-driven appliances. The circuit provides
constant light output, regardless of the load imposed on the motor,
and extends lamp life by protecting the lamp from operation beyond
its ratings. The circuit is compact and inexpensive, making it
particularly attractive for incorporation in small electric shavers
where size, weight, and cost are major factors in product
acceptance. Furthermore, it can be readily adapted to a wide
variety of appliances because of its lack of resistors and other
power dissipating components.
While a particular embodiment of the invention has been shown and
described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that
changes and modifications may be made without departing from the
invention in its broader aspects, and, therefore, the aim in the
appended claims is to cover all such changes and modifications as
fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *