U.S. patent number 3,769,644 [Application Number 05/174,708] was granted by the patent office on 1973-11-06 for roofing tool roofing kit, and method of using same.
Invention is credited to Wayne Case.
United States Patent |
3,769,644 |
Case |
November 6, 1973 |
ROOFING TOOL ROOFING KIT, AND METHOD OF USING SAME
Abstract
A novel method of repairing shingle roofs and a versatile
roofing tool for use in such a method is disclosed. The method
involves removing individual, defective composition or wood
shingles and replacing them with a rigid shingle, such as a metal
plate. A roofer's hammer having a hammer head at one end and a claw
at the other end of a handle having a gradual compound curve near
the midlength of the handle is particularly useful for this
purpose. It is used by slipping the claw under shingles immediately
above the defective shingle until it reaches the nail near the far
edge of the shingle. The claw is engaged with said nail and the
head of the hammer is forced downward to extract said nail. A metal
plate is engaged in a clip alongside said hammer head. The plate is
then forced into the space left by the removed shingle.
Inventors: |
Case; Wayne (Salt Lake City,
UT) |
Family
ID: |
22637186 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/174,708 |
Filed: |
August 25, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
7/144; 7/166;
254/26R |
Current CPC
Class: |
B25F
1/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B25F
1/00 (20060101); B25f 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;7/8.1R,8.1B,9,12
;145/1A,3B ;254/25,26,21 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Jones, Jr.; James L.
Assistant Examiner: Parker; Roscoe V.
Claims
I claim:
1. A roofer's hammer having a length of from about 8 inches to
about 18 inches comprising:
a an elongated handle attached to a hammer head comprising a
substantially straight upper shank adjacent said hammer head; a
substantially straight lower shank having nail pulling means at the
end thereof, said lower shank substantially parallel to said upper
shank and offset therefrom so that said hammer handle is leveraged
about said offset between said upper and lower shanks wherein the
lower shank is at least about as long as said upper shank and said
offset connects said upper and lower shanks by a gradual compound
curved section adapted to serve as a gripping region; and
b a hammer head having at least one striking face wherein the
striking face is substantially parallel to a plane containing said
upper and lower shanks and said curved handle section.
2. The hammer of claim 1 wherein said upper shank is offset at
least about 3/4 inch from said lower shank.
3. The hammer of claim 1 wherein the substantially straight lower
shank is at least about 6 inches in length.
4. The hammer of claim 1 wherein the substantially straight upper
shank is at least about one-half the length of the lower shank.
5. The hammer of claim 1 wherein the upper shank and lower shank
are offset by and connected by a compound curved section which is
in a straight-line alignment with said striking face.
6. The hammer of claim 1 wherein the length of the curved handle
section is less than the length of said lower shank.
7. The hammer of claim 1 wherein the hammer head has attached
thereto a clip for holding a plate-like shingle in a position
projecting beyond the top surface of said hammer head.
8. The hammer of claim 1 wherein a knife element is replaceably
attached to the hammer head.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field:
The invention relates to a novel method of repairing shingle roofs
and to a unique roofing tool and roofing kit useful in said method.
Shingle roofs of various compositions, wooden shakes and the like
develop leaks after years of exposure. Although separate leaks can
be traced to a particular shingle, it is customary to repair said
roofs by spreading hot tar over the defective shingle and
surrounding shingles. The heat of summer drives out the oily
components and the cold of winter causes the tar to crack, again
permitting the roof to leak. Subsequent applications of tar must
cover an ever increasing area to seal the edge of the former tar
patch. If shingles are subsequently replaced, a large number of
shingles must be removed which is difficult because of the large,
thick tar patch.
RELATED ART
Patents have been granted on hammers having a combination of
utilities. The following patents are known to applicant:
U.S. Pat. 418,085 of Tack shows a hammer head, a straight handle
and a notch on the side of the handle for nail pulling.
U.S. Pat. 1,642,390 of Tekker describes a roofer's hammer with a
claw on the end of the handle. A spear-like blade is attached above
the hammer head for cutting purposes.
U.S. Pat. 899,016 of Allen relates to a roofing hammer having a
projection above the head for forcing curved metal roofing strips
into place.
U.S. Pat. 698,631 of Carlisle discloses a carpenter's hammer with a
clip on the side of the hammer head for holding a nail in a driving
position.
U.S. Pat. 450,922 of Truman described a staple puller having a claw
at one end and a tack hammer at the opposite end. The claw is
leveraged about a fulcrum point near the claw.
U.S. Pat. 2,419,613 of Crement describes a sheet-metal workers
hammer having a curved handle so that the hammer head may be easily
placed in various striking positions without substantially changing
ones striking motion.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The following are objects of the invention:
To provide a roofer's hammer having offset, elongated nail-pulling
means opposite the hammer head;
To provide a roofer's hammer having clip means for holding a
shingle adjacent the hammer head;
To provide a roofer's hammer having knife means disposed on the
hammer head opposite a striking face;
To provide a roofer's hammer having removable elongated nail
pulling means.
DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
A novel roofer's hammer and an improved method for repairing
shingle roofs has been invented. The hammer is especially
advantageous inasmuch as it is the only tool required for repairing
a shingle roof by replacement of defective or deteriorated
shingles. The hammer has preferably a striking face and a knife
blade as part of the hammer. The handle has a gradual compound
curve intermediate its ends and nail pulling means at the end
opposite the hammer head.
The hammer is used to remove defective shingles by inserting the
elongated nail pulling means under a shingle above the defective
shingle until it contacts a nail holding the defective shingle. The
nail is removed by forcing the hammer head towards the roof causing
the nail pulling means to raise. After removing all the nails
holding the defective shingle a new shingle is inserted, which may
be facilitated by having a hammer with shingle holding means.
Further description of the invention may be facilitated by
reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a shingle roof section and the
novel roofer's hammer.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a shingle roof section and the
novel roofer's hammer holding a replacement shingle.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a shingle roof repair kit
comprising hammer, shingles and nails.
FIG. 4 is an elevational view of the novel roofer's hammer.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the novel roofer's hammer.
A novel method of repairing shingle roofs is illustrated in FIGS. 1
and 2. In FIG. 1 a section of shingle roof is shown with the
uppermost shingle 10 fully exposed. A full shingle, usually 36
inches in length and 12 inches in width is composed of three
shingle sections. The slots between the sections are about 3/8 inch
wide and are about one-half the width of a shingle, i.e., the slots
are about 6 inches in length. It is nailed to the roof by nails 11
along the upper edge 12 of the shingle. A defective or deteriorated
shingle is designated by the letter "a." To remove shingle "a" it
is necessary to insert the elongated nail pulling means 14 forming
the lower shank 15 of the hammer under the shingles "b" and "c"
immediately above shingle "a" until the nail puller (claw) comes
into contact with the nails 13 fastening shingle "a" to the roof.
The elongated nail pulling means 14, including lower shank 15, is
preferably straight and sufficiently long that nails 13 may be
pulled without unduly raising the upper shingles ("b" and "c").
The nail pulling means 14 inserted under shingles "b" and "c" lays
flat against the roof. When the claw contacts a nail, the hammer
head 16 is forced towards the roof to cause the claw to be levered
about the compound curved section 17 of the hammer handle. The
longer dimension of the hammer head is parallel to the roof when
the flat portion of the claw is flush with the roof. Forcing the
hammer head towards the roof raises the claw, pulling the nail
engaged therein. Other nails holding the particular shingle to be
removed are pulled in a similar manner.
A replacement shingle "d" held by a clip 18 alongside the longer
dimension of the hammer head is inserted in place of the removed
shingle as shown in FIG. 2. The clip 18 is positioned on the upper
side of the hammer head when said hammer is positioned for nail
pulling. Shingle "d" has about the same dimensions as one of the
three sections of a large shingle such as shingle 10. A single nail
19 placed under shingle "e" can be used to hold shingle "d" in
place although several nails can be used, if desired. Also, a
complete shingle can be replaced in this manner by using three
metal plate inserts. Shingle "d" is shown in two positions; first,
in the clip of the hammer ready to be inserted and; second,
inserted as part of the roof.
The advantages of the novel repair method and hammer are numerous.
The hammer permits repair of a roof by use of a single tool which
increase safety and improves efficiency. This hammer provides means
for pulling nails, pounding nails, cutting shingles where necessary
and inserting shingles. Repair of shingle roofs by the method of
this invention is simple, efficient and inexpensive. Repairing
shingled roofs by application of tar is a temporary repair inasmuch
as the heat of summer usually evaporates the oily components
present resulting in cracking during the winter months. The repair
method of this invention involves only the defective shingles. The
replacement shingle can be substantially the same color as the
shingle removed, thereby resulting in a repaired roof in which the
repairs are substantially undetectable.
The simplicity of repairing a roof by the means of this invention
enables repair by unskilled roofers such as homeowners. A repair
kit for use by homeowners as well as roofer's is illustrated in
FIG. 3. A hammer similar to the one illustrated in FIG. 4 is
provided along with shingles, which are usually sheet metal
inasmuch as metal shingles are easier to insert than composition or
wood shingles. Nails of the appropriate size are also provided so
that repair work will be effective.
FIGS. 4 and 5 depict a preferred embodiment of the hammer of this
invention. FIG. 4 is an elevational view looking at one striking
face 20 of the hammer head 16. The striking face 20 is in a plane
which is parallel to a plane passing through the entire length of
said handle. The handle comprises three sections; an upper shank
(Z) attached to said head, a compound curved section (Y) connecting
said upper shank to the lower shank (X).
The upper shank (Z) may be quite short with the hammer head 16
being substantially adjacent to the compound curved section (Y).
However, it is generally preferred that the upper shank be about 2
to 6 inches in length with an optimum length of about 4 inches. The
compound curved section is generally several inches in length and
preferably sufficiently long that the hammer may be gripped in this
region with little discomfort to the hand. The handle may be
gripped near the junction of the compound curved section (Y) and
the lower shank (X) in a fashion to align the hand with the
striking head. This is illustrated in FIG. 4 by the dotted line
passing through the hammer head and the handle at the juncture
between the compound curved section (Y) and the lower shank (X).
The compound curved section preferably comprises gradual curves so
that the handle may be gripped in that region.
The lower shank and upper shank are both preferably straight
sections and are substantially preferably parallel to one another.
A slight departure from a parallel relationship does not, however,
diminish the utility of the hammer. The lower shank is at least
about 6 inches in length and is terminated at its end with a claw
for pulling nails. It is preferably located at the end of the
handle rather than at a side of the handle near the end. A claw
located at the end of the handle can be forced under nail heads
with greater force. As shown in FIG. 4 the claw is tapered from the
handle thickness to a thin, straight edge at the trailing edge 21
of the claw. The trailing edge runs perpendicular to the striking
face 20 of the hammer. The lower shank is generally longer than the
upper shank and a desirable weight balance is achieved when the
ratio of the upper shank length to lower shank length is from about
1:1 to about 1:2.
The offset or displacement (W) between the upper and lower shank is
from about 3/4 inches to about 2 inches although a displacement of
about 1 inch to about 1-1/2 inch is preferred. The handle thickness
can range from about 3/4 inch to about 2 inches with a preferred
thickness of from about 1 inch to about 1-1/2 inch.
The lower shank may range in length from about 6 inches to about 18
inches. A preferred length for the lower shank is about 6 inches to
8 inches for an integral handle. However, because some situations
require a longer shank, for example, for use with 14 inch long wood
shingles, it is desirable to have detachable lower shanks. Optimum
balance of the hammer is achieved when the lower shank is about 6
to 8 inches in length, but detachable lower shanks up to 18 inches
may be readily utilized. The detachable lower shank may be
connected to the remainder of the handle by a threaded joint, a
friction joint, a spring loaded ball and detent joint, or a tongue
and groove joint locked with a set screw.
This novel roofer's hammer can be readily provided with a knife
blade 22 for use in cutting tar paper, composition shingles and the
like. In FIG. 5 a thin, razor-like, replaceable blade is shown
attached to the hammer head by a pair of net screws. Other means of
attaching a blade to the hammer head may be utilized, for example,
by having a blade attached to a short threaded stud which could be
screwed in a threaded hole in one of the hammer faces. The blade
may also be retractably attached to the hammer head so that both
striking faces of the hammer can be used. The blade is generally
short, about one to two inches in length and about 1/4 inch to
about 1/2 inch in width with a very thin thickness. Although a
permanent knife blade can be made a part of the hammer it is
preferred that replaceable blades be utilized.
The knife blade may be placed on the hammer head in substantially
any orientation, for example, the blade may project above the
hammer head in alignment with the upper shank of the handle. A
preferred location for the knife blade is shown in FIG. 5. The
cutting edge of the blade may be reversed so that cutting action
results from either pulling or pushing action.
The hammer, method and repair kit of this invention are
particularly useful for replacing worn or defective shingles or
roofs having shingles blown off. The replacement shingles are
preferably metal or plastic shingles such as nylon, polyester,
rigid vinyl and the like which may easily be inserted under the
remaining shingles without damaging the remaining shingles. The
replacement shingles should be sufficiently rigid to be
self-supporting when gripped near an edge.
The hammer is particularly advantageous inasmuch as defective
shingles can be replaced without substantially damaging the
surrounding shingles. To enhance this property of the hammer the
lower shank may have a substantially different cross-sectional
shape than the upper shank and curved section. For example, a thin,
flat cross-section for the lower shank enhances its ability to be
slipped under shingles without damaging the shingles inasmuch as
the shingles are raised only slightly. Because compositon shingles
tend to become brittle upon aging it is desirable to disturb
surrounding shingles as little as possible when removing defective
shingles or inserting replacement shingles.
Although the invention has been described hereinabove with
reference to specific embodiments, it is to be understood that it
is not to be limited solely thereto but to include all the
variations and modifications falling within the scope of the
appended claims.
The hammer described above may be utilized efficiently in varying
lengths from about 8 to about 30 inches although best balance is
achieved for handle lengths of about 8 to 18 inches and preferably
about 12 to 18 inches.
* * * * *