U.S. patent number 3,768,962 [Application Number 05/294,440] was granted by the patent office on 1973-10-30 for gas torch.
Invention is credited to Frank Baranowski, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,768,962 |
Baranowski, Jr. |
October 30, 1973 |
GAS TORCH
Abstract
Stoichiometric gas-and-air combinations promoting optimum
high-temperature and centered burning in a propane torch or the
like are promoted by an air-admitting base member which fixedly
mounts a gas nozzle and cooperating venturi in a critical
highly-precise spaced concentric alignment which is readily
achieved by way of concentrically machined nozzle and venturi seats
into which the nozzle and venturi are separately forced into a
predetermined centered relationship via alignment-inducing seating
surfaces.
Inventors: |
Baranowski, Jr.; Frank
(Lynnfield Center, MA) |
Family
ID: |
23133431 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/294,440 |
Filed: |
October 2, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
431/353; 239/429;
137/888; 431/354 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F23D
14/64 (20130101); Y10T 137/87587 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
F23D
14/46 (20060101); F23D 14/64 (20060101); F23d
015/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;431/344,353,354,355
;239/429,434,419.5 ;137/604 ;48/180 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Dority, Jr.; Carroll B.
Claims
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters patent of the
United States is:
1. A gas torch including a nozzle having a minute orifice
therethrough and a peripheral substantially annular seating surface
in concentric alignment with said orifice, a venturi tube having a
central passageway which is of relatively small diameter at an
upstream end and of outwardly flaring relatively larger diameters
downstream thereof, a substantially tubular base member mounting
said nozzle and venturi in spaced axial alignment, said base member
having a first circularly generated annular seat surface and a
second substantially concially shaped annular seat surface
concentric with and spaced axially from said first seat surface,
said base further having means for admitting gas laterally into the
space between said seat surfaces, said venturi tube having an
exterior substantially conical seating surface thereon shaped to
mate with said second surface, means forcing said conical seating
surface of said venturi into mated self-centered relation with said
second surface and holding said venturi tube in fixed relation with
said base member, said nozzle seating surface being mated with said
first seat surface, and means holding said nozzle in fixed relation
with said base member with a downstream end of said nozzle orifice
in spaced relation to an upstream end of said venturi tube.
2. A gas torch as set forth in claim 1 wherein said base member has
lateral orifices admitting air into the space between a downstream
end of said nozzle and an upstream end of said venturi tube, and
further including an inlet tube for connecting a combustible gas
under pressure into said tubular base member at an end upstream of
said nozzle, and a flame tube connected with said tubular base
member and directing gas-air mixtures downstream thereof and of
said venturi tube.
3. A gas torch as set forth in claim 2 wherein said first surface
is nearer the upstream end of said base member and is a
substantially cylindrical surface, wherein said peripheral seating
surface of said nozzle has a substantially spherical rounding and
is of a maximum diameter about a few thousandths of an inch larger
than that of said cylindrical surface, whereby said peripheral and
cylindrical surfaces interfere and said nozzle is thereby tightly
fitted with said base when said nozzle peripheral surface is
press-fitted to said cylindrical surface.
4. A gas torch as set forth in claim 2 wherein said conical seating
surface in said venturi tube is on the upstream side of an external
shoulder of said venturi tube, and wherein said means forcing and
holding said venturi tube in fixed relation with said base member
is in abutting relation to the downstream side of said
shoulder.
5. A gas torch as set forth in claim 3 wherein said first surface
is of smaller diameter than said second surface and said second
annular seat surface has an inner diameter larger than the outer
diameter of said first surface, thereby accommodating tooling for
the machining of said first surface and for fitting of said nozzle
with said first surface through space within said second annular
seat surface, said second annular seat surface being nearer the
downstream end of said base member and flaring outwardly in the
downstream direction.
6. A gas torch as set forth in claim 5 further including a first
substantially planar annular surface at the upstream end of said
first surface and substantially normal to the central axis of said
first surface, and a second substantially planar annular surface at
the upstream end of said nozzle disposed to bottom against said
first planar surface.
7. A gas torch as set forth in claim 2 wherein said first surface
is nearer the upstream end of said base member and is substantially
conical, and wherein said peripheral seating surface of said nozzle
is substantially conical and sloped to mate with said first
surface.
8. A gas torch as set forth in claim 7 wherein said first surface
and said nozzle surface flare outwardly in the upstream direction
with reference to said base member, and wherein said second surface
flares outwardly in the downstream direction.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Gas-burning devices in which ambient air is entrained with a stream
of combustible gas to produce a flame-sustaining jet or the like
have long been known in a variety of forms, among which is the
modern simple torch fitted to a small tank of compressed gas and
serving household and professional needs in such operations as
soldering and brazing. In some constructions of such torches, a
small stream of the compressed gas is sought to be directed
centrally into a flame tube by a nozzle having a single very small
orifice, the ambient air around the nozzle being admitted to become
entrained with the gas and flow with it into the flame tube for
mixing which will result in an ignitable jet at the downstream end
of the tube. Such an arrangement is disclosed in my U.S. Letters
Pat. No. 3,679,171, for example. Preferably, the mixing in the
flame tube is improved by a venturi disposed at the upstream end of
the tube, and into which the high-velocity nozzle emissions are
directed.
It has been found that optimum air-gas mixtures and flame
temperatures and efficiency cannot be realized in such torches
unless the cooperating nozzle and venturi are very precisely
centered, a misalignment or eccentricity of even but a few
thousandths of an inch being troublesome. However, the nature of
the torch assemblies is necessarily such that the nozzle and
venturi must also be held in an axially spaced relation, with
needed air being admitted between them, and this poses very
practical difficulties, including those associated with costs and
skills, in forming precision-related supports for the nozzle and
venturi and in assembling them in a required accurate concentricity
which can be maintained under conditions of use.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An elongated tubular torch assembly, having an upstream inlet tube
connectable with a compressed-gas source and a downstream flame
tube from which an ignitable jet of a gas-air mixture is to be
discharged, further includes an intermediate base member which
mechanically interconnects the inlet and flame tubes together,
which admits ambient air through lateral openings, and which
further serves to mount an upstream gas-emitting nozzle and a
cooperating downstream venturi in axially spaced and precisely
concentric relationships. The latter relationships are uniquely
achieved by way of precisely aligned circular machining of axially
spaced seats in the base, with the machining preferably being
performed simultaneously from one end by a single tool, and by way
of cooperating seat surfaces on the nozzle and venturi,
respectively, which are to be mounted in relation to the base. The
respective mating seating surfaces are shaped to cause automatic
centering, and there are further mechanical provisions for keeping
the mating seat surfaces together in mechanically secure
relationship, whereby the nozzle orifice and venturi opening are
reliably held in the desired precise spaced concentric alignment.
In the case of one preferred nozzle mounting in the base, the
automatic centering is assured by way of a flat-bottomed
cylindrical recess in the base, cooperating with a flat-bottomed
nozzle which is laterally rounded to press-fit tightly within the
cylindrical recess. Cooperating conical mating surfaces assure
automatic centering of the base and venturi.
Accordingly, it is one of the objects of the present invention to
provide novel and improved gas-burning torches in which optimum
flame production is promoted simply and at low cost by
self-centering alignments of an orificed nozzle and an associated
venturi.
Another object is to provide unique automatic alignment of nozzle
and venturi elements of a gas torch by way of cooperating
self-centering seating surfaces in a mounting base and on mating
portions of the nozzle and venturi elements.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Although the aspects of this invention which are considered to be
novel are specifically expressed in the appended claims, further
details as to preferred practices and embodiments and as to the
further objects and features thereof may be most readily
comprehended through reference to the following description taken
in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a pictorial illustration of a gas torch of a type in
which the present invention may be embodied advantageously;
FIG. 2 provides an enlarged and partly cross-sectioned detail of an
improved self-centered base, nozzle and venturi assembly in the
torch of FIG. 1 and expressing the present invention; and
FIG. 3 provides a similar enlarged and partly cross-sectioned
detail of an alternative embodiment of the improved self-centered
base, nozzle and venturi assembly in a torch such as that of FIG.
1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Having reference to the drawings, wherein the same reference
characters designate identical parts in the different views, and,
in the first instance to FIG. 1 thereof, there is illustrated a gas
torch 4 of generally elongated form having an inlet tube 5 equipped
at its upstream end with a swivel coupling 6 designed to be
threadedly connected with the outlet of a pressure-regulator
body.7. A suitable regulator is disclosed in my copending U.S. Pat.
application Ser. No. 97,107, filed Dec. 11, 1970 and now Pat. No.
3,699,998, for example. A pressurize gas, such as propane, is
directed into inlet tube 5 from a tank or the like, through the
regulator, and becomes associated with ambient oxygen -- supplying
air in a tubular base 8 having lateral air-admitting openings, 9
and 10. In downstream relation to base 8 is a flame tube 11, whence
the admixed gas and air are intended to discharge as an ignitable
jet which will burn with intense heat and in a rather narrowly
defined flame.
Apertured base 8 supports an upstream nozzle element 12 and an
axially spaced downstream venturi element 13 which, together,
produce a jet-pump action entraining air via the lateral openings 9
and 10 and, further, cause the air and gas to be mixed properly and
expelled at high velocity (FIG. 2). Tapered nozzle 12 has an
accurately centered minute orifice 14 from which a needle-like
stream of the gas is to be directed in as close an axial alignment
and centering with the upstream end of venturi 13 as is possible.
Skewed or radial divergences between the longitudinal axis of the
venturi and the needle-like stream of gas tend to deteriorate the
quality of air-gas mixture and lower the temperature of the
resulting flame, such that even a few thousandths of an inch or
radial eccentricity can prove troublesome in these respects.
Although the orificed nozzle and venturi elements themselves can be
manufactured quite accurately, their subsequent mounting in the
required alignment has been exceedingly difficult to develop and
maintain. However, as is shown in FIG. 2, these difficulties are
resolved by forming two centered axially spaced circularly machined
seats, 15 and 16, in the body of base 8. Upstream annular seat 15
is of right-cylindrical form, with a bottom surface normal to its
longitudinal axis, and is of smaller diameters than the downstream
conically shaped annular seat 16, such that both seats can be
machined in precise axial alignment by a single forming tool
inserted from the intended downstream end of the base. Upstream
seat 15 is disposed upstream of the lateral base openings 9 and 10,
with seat 16 being downstream thereof. Nozzle 12 has a rounded
exterior base portion, 12a, generally of ring-like or toroidal
curvature, which is of slightly larger maximum diameter than the
surrounding inner diameter of the cylindrical portion of seat 15,
such that the nozzle may be press-fitted firmly into the
illustrated mated relationship with that seat by a suitable tool
(not shown) inserted through the downstream end of the base along
with the nozzle. An interference of 1-5 thousandths inch is
preferred between these mated parts, either or both of which may be
of metal such as brass or aluminum. The upstream end of nozzle 12,
which is also normal to the longitudinal axis of seat 15, base 8
and the elongated nozzle and its orifice, may be bottomed against
the aforesaid bottom surface of seat 15, and the downstream end of
that seat may be mechanically punched or peened over to insure
accurate seating and holding of the nozzle.
The conical tpaer of downstream seat 16 flares outwardly in the
downstream direction, and mates with a correspondingly shaped
conically sloped seating surface 17a on the shoulder 17 near the
upstream end of the venturi 13. These conical seating surfaces,
when fully mated, insure that the longitudinal axis of the venturi
is precisely aligned in the critical relationship with the nozzle
orifice axis; however, such full mating is realized only when the
base and venturi are forced and held together in the illustrated
orientation. For the latter purposes, the elongated stainless-steel
flame tube 11, closely fitted about the venturi 13, is forced
upstream against the venturi shoulder 17 and is firmly held there
by a closely surrounding plastic-locking sleeve 18 which, in turn,
fits closely within an accommodating cylindrical downstream recess
19 in the base 8. Preferably the locking sleeve 18 is of a plastic
such as that commerically known as Delrin, and has a multiplicity
of closely spaced annular grooves about its exterior, such that is
can cold flow slightly and allow the parts to be snap-fitted
together into the illustrated relationship, while thereafter
securely holding them in the assembled and properly aligned
condition. In other arrangements, screw-threading or other
appropriate fastening provisions may serve to hold the base, flame
tube and venturi together. A particle filter 20, which assists in
avoiding plugging of the small nozzle orifice, is also illustrated
upstream of the nozzle, and retained by way of the compression
exerted by the screw-threading between the swivel tube 5 and base
8.
In the modification of FIG. 3, wherein the same or functionally
corresponding parts are designated by the same reference characters
as in FIGS. 1 and 2, with distinguishing single-prime accents being
added, the venturi mounting is the same but the nozzle 12' is
centered and aligned by way of conically-shaped seating surfaces.
There, the exterior surface 12b is conically tapered, with the
taper flaring outwardly in the upstream direction, and a
correspondingly shaped and sloped annular seat 8b is formed at the
upstream part of base 8' to receive and mate with and center the
nozzle. Inlet swivel tube 5', when screwed into the illustrated
relationship with base 8', securely holds the mating surfaces
together and perserves the needed alignment of nozzle 12' and
venturi 13'.
Torches of the improved constructions tend to burn with intense
heat while nevertheless remaining relatively cool at the site of
the base. Aluminum, rather than more costly brass, can be used for
the construction of metal parts at the locus of the base, while
preserving the needed mechanical integrity and alignments.
* * * * *