U.S. patent number 3,768,412 [Application Number 05/019,666] was granted by the patent office on 1973-10-30 for fastener ammunition for repeating propellant gas powered driving tool.
This patent grant is currently assigned to TRW Inc.. Invention is credited to David Dardick.
United States Patent |
3,768,412 |
Dardick |
October 30, 1973 |
FASTENER AMMUNITION FOR REPEATING PROPELLANT GAS POWERED DRIVING
TOOL
Abstract
Fastener ammunition for a propellant gas powered fastener
driving tool having a barrel and a breech mechanism at the breech
end of the barrel for initially transporting an ammunition round
from an ammunition magazine to firing position, selectively firing
the round in firing position to drive a fastener into a workpiece,
and finally ejecting the spent cartridge case of the fired round,
or the entire round in the event that the round is not fired.
Inventors: |
Dardick; David (Palos Verdes
Peninsula, CA) |
Assignee: |
TRW Inc. (Redonda Beach,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
26692480 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/019,666 |
Filed: |
March 16, 1970 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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665133 |
Sep 1, 1967 |
3514026 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
102/436; 29/432;
102/430; 102/433; 227/9; 227/11; 411/440; 968/359 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41A
9/46 (20130101); B25C 1/186 (20130101); B25C
1/188 (20130101); Y10T 29/49833 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
B25C
1/18 (20060101); B25C 1/00 (20060101); G04B
37/14 (20060101); F16b 015/04 (); F42b
005/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;102/38,41,43,93 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Stahl; Robert F.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a divisional of copending application Ser. No.
665,133, filed Sept. 1, 1967, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,514,026.
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or
privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. Fastener ammunition for a fastener driving tool including a
barrel with internal longitudinal grooves spaced circumferentially
about and extending parallel to the axis of the bore through said
barrel, and a firing chamber for receiving said ammunition and
having a firing position wherein said chamber opens forwardly to
said bore, comprising:
a cartridge case having internal longitudinal grooves spaced
circumferentially about and extending parallel to the longitudinal
axis of said case;
a fastener positioned longitudinally within said cartridge case
having a front shank portion, a rear head with radially projecting
ribs in planes containing the longitudinal axis of the fastener and
engaging in said grooves, and a relatively slender stem joining
said head and shank to permit removal of said head by breaking said
stem; and
a propellant charge in said cartridge case for propelling said
fastener forward from said cartridge case.
Description
Reference is made herein to copending applications Ser. No.
671,910, filed Sept. 1, 1967, and entitled "Sealed Open Chamber
Breech Mechanism and Caseless Ammunition Therefor", now U.S. Pat.
No. 3,446,113, and Ser. No. 665,136, filed Sept. 1, 1967, and
entitled "Semicombustible Ammunition for Open Chamber Breech
Mechanism", now U.S. Pat. No. 3,507,219.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to power operated fastener driving
tools. The invention relates more particularly to fastener
ammunition for a repeating propellant gas powered tool of the type
disclosed in the above mentioned patent.
2. Prior Art
My prior Pat. No. 3,514,026 discloses a propellant gas powered
fastener driving tool for driving a fastener, such as threaded
stud, into a workpiece by propellant gas pressure. This tool has a
barrel and a breech mechanism at the rear end of the barrel
including a firing chamber which is aligned with and opens
forwardly to the bore in the barrel when the chamber is in firing
position. The wall of the bore is formed with longitudinal grooves.
Fixed to the muzzle end of the barrel is a safety collar having a
central opening aligned with the bore and an annular stop shoulder
facing rearwardly toward and spaced from the latter barrel end to
form an annular recess between the shoulder and barrel. The wall of
the collar opening is longitudinally grooved like the barrel except
that the collar grooves are angularly displaced from the barrel
grooves.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides fastener ammunition for the tool of
my prior patent. This fastener ammunition comprises a cartridge
case having internal longitudinal grooves and containing a fastener
and a propellant charge. The fastener has a rear safety head with
radially projecting ribs which engage in the cartridge case
grooves, a front shank portion to be driven into a workpiece, and a
slender stem joining the shank and head.
When the ammunition is located in firing position in the firing
chamber of the tool, the cartridge case grooves are aligned with
the grooves in the tool barrel. Accordingly, when the ammunition is
fired by ignition of its propellant charge with the safety collar
of the tool barrel pressed against a workpiece, the fastener is
propelled forwardly from the cartridge case through the barrel,
with the fastener ribs engaging in the barrel grooves, to drive the
fastener shank into the workpiece. Forward travel of the fastener
through the barrel is arrested to limit penetration of the fastener
into the workpiece, by engagement of the fastener ribs with the
stop shoulder of the safety collar. The tool is removed from the
fastener by first rotating the tool to align the grooves of its
safety collar with the fastener ribs and then withdrawing the tool
rearwardly from the fastener. The rear safety head of the fastener
is then removed by snapping the stem which joins the head to the
fastener shank.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fastener driving tool of the type
in which the present fastener ammunition is used;
FIG. 2 is a section taken on line 2--2 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a transverse section through the breech mechanism of the
driving tool in FIG. 1, showing the breech cylinder in firing
position;
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section through the driving tool showing
the various parts of the tool in the positions which they occupy
when the tool is in its normal inoperative condition;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view looking in the direction of the arrows
on line 5--5 in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged section taken on line 6--6 in FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged section taken on line 7--7 in FIG. 8;
FIG. 8 is a longitudinal section through the driving tool showing
the various parts of the tool in the positions which they occupy
when the tool is conditioned for firing;
FIG. 9 is a section taken on line 9--9 in FIG. 8; and
FIG. 10 illustrates a stud which has been driven into a workpiece
by the fastener driving tool of FIGS. 1 through 9.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The drawings illustrate fastener ammunition 10 according to the
invention for use in a fastener driving tool 40 of the kind
disclosed in my Pat. No. 3,514,026. Ammunition 10 includes a
fastener 12, a propellant charge 14 for driving the fastener into a
workpiece, and an outer cartridge case 16 which contains the
fastener 12 and its propellant charge 14. Mounted in the rear end
of the case is a primer 18.
Cartridge case 16 has a generally triangular round shape in
transverse cross-section and is constructed of a suitable
yieldable, non-combustible material, preferably a non-combustible
plastic. Extending longitudinally into the front end of the
cartridge case 16 is an opening 20. Fixed within and externally
complementing this opening is a sleeve or liner 22 having a central
bore 24 opening through its ends. The wall of this bore has a
number, in this instance three, of uniformally spaced longitudinal
grooves 26. Liner 22 is constructed of a suitable non-combustible
material which may comprise the same plastic material as the
cartridge case. The liner has a length somewhat less than that of
the cartridge case opening 20 and is positioned with its front end
flush with the front end of the cartridge case. Accordingly, the
rear end of the liner is spaced from the rear end of the cartridge
case to define therebetween a chamber for containing the propellant
charge 14.
Tool ammunition according to the invention may comprise fasteners
of various sizes, types, and shapes, depending upon each particular
job application. The particular fastener 12 illustrated is an
externally threaded stud including a forward pointed shank 28, an
intermediate externally threaded body 30, and a rear safety head
32. The safety head is joined to the stud body by a relatively
slender connecting stem 34. The rear safety head 32 has a central
cylindrical portion 36 of the same diameter as the threaded stud
body 30 and a number of uniformally spaced, radially projecting,
longitudinally extending ribs 38. These ribs are equal in number to
and slidably engaged in the grooves 26 in the cartridge case liner
22. The stud body 30 and cylindrical safety head portion 36 are
sized to fit closely but slidably within the liner bore 24. The
stud has the same overall length as and is positioned with its ends
flush with the ends of the liner 22. The illustrated fastener
driving tool 40 is a stud driver having a barrel 42 containing a
bore 44 and mounting forward work engaging means 46, and a breech
mechansim 48 at the breech end of the barrel for transporting the
present ammunition rounds 10 in succession to and firing each round
in firing position at the breech end of the bore. The contained
stud 12 of each fired round is propelled, by propellant gas
pressure, into the workpiece with which the tool is currently
engaged. Breech mechanism 48 includes an ammunition carrier or
cylinder 50 containing firing chambers 78 for receiving the
ammunition rounds 10 to be fired, and means 52 for driving the
carrier in such a way as to successively transport the rounds to
firing position. The stud driver is equipped with ammunition
storage and infeed means 54 for containing a number of ammunition
rounds 10 to be fired and automatically feeding the contained
rounds in succession to the ammunition carrier 50. The ammunition
storage and infeed means of the illustrated stud driver, for
example, comprise two ammunition magazines 56a, 56b each capable of
holding several ammunition rounds.
The carrier drive means 52 comprises a coupling 58 between the work
engaging means 46 and the ammunition carrier 50. This coupling is
arranged in such a way that the carrier is driven through the
coupling to transport an ammunition round 10 from the ammunition
storage means 54 to firing position in response to pressure of the
work engaging means against the workpiece with the axis of the
barrel 42 at the proper angle, in this instance normal, relative to
the work surface. In the event that the tool is removed from the
workpiece without firing, the carrier is again automatically driven
through the coupling 58 to eject the unfired round. Subsequent
re-engagement of the work engaging means with a workpiece
transports the next ammunition round from the storage means to
firing position. Accordingly, a live ammunition round is never
located in firing position in the stud driver except when the
latter is properly engaged with a workpiece. The muzzle end of the
barrel 42 is provided with a safety ring or collar 60 which
cooperates with the safety head 32 of each fired stud 12 to prevent
penetration of the stud completely through a workpiece. As will
appear from the ensuing description, the safety head of each stud
and the safety collar of the stud driver are uniquely constructed
and arranged to accomplish this safety function while permitting
rapid and easy separation of the driver from each driven stud.
The work engaging means 46 of the illustrated stud driver 40
includes a safety shield 102 and shield interlock means 104. Safety
shield 102 has a hollow, generally cylindrical cup 106 with a
cylindrical side wall 108 and a rear end wall 110. The front side
of the cup is open. Secured to and projecting axially from the rear
side of the rear cup wall 110 is a bearing sleever 112 which
slidably receives the stud driver barrel 42. Also secured to the
rear cup wall 110 and the bearing sleeve 112, and extending
rearwardly from the rear wall in laterally spaced relation to the
barrel sleeve is a second bearing sleeve 114. This latter sleeve
slidably receives a spindle 116 having a rear shaft 118. Shaft 118
extends rotatably through the front end of the breech frame 62 on
the axis 72 of the breech cylinder 50 and is secured at its rear
end to the cylinder. Disposed within the forward end of the spindle
sleeve 114 is a compression spring 120. This spring acts between
the rear safety shield wall 110 and the front end of the spindle
116 to yieldably urge the safety shield 102 forwardly along the
barrel 42 to its fully extended position of FIG. 4. Forward spring
extension or travel of the shield is limited by engagement of the
front end of the barrel sleeve 112 with the rear end of the safety
collar 60 on the barrel. The safety shield 102 is retractable
rearwardly along the barrel 42 to its fully retracted position of
FIG. 8 against the action of the shield spring 120. In its fully
retracted position, the annular front end face of the safety collar
60 and the annular front edge of the safety shield are located
substantially in a common plane normal to the axis of the
barrel.
The safety shield spindle sleeve 114 and the breech cylinder
spindle 116 form a part of the cylinder drive coupling 58. This
drive coupling further comprises motion translating means for
converting axial motion of the safety shield 102 into intermittent,
unidirectional rotation of the breech cylinder 50. To this end, the
illustrated motion translating means comprises a spring loaded cam
follower pin 124 carrier by the spindle sleeve 114. Follower pin
124 is dispoed with its axis normal to the axis of the spindle 116
and slidably engages in a double helix groove 126 formed in the
outer surface of the spindle. The follower pin 124 and helix screw
126 are so constructed and arranged that the retraction of the
safety shield 102 from its fully extended position to its fully
retracted position drives the breech cylinder 50 in the
counterclockwise direction in FIG. 3 through an angle equal to
one-half the angular spacing between the adjacent cylinder firing
chambers 78, in this instance through an angle of 60.degree..
Spring return of the shield to its fully extended position drives
the cylinder in the same direction through the same angle. When the
safety shield 102 is in its fully extended position of FIG. 4 one
firing chamber 78 is located in an infeed position A, wherein the
chamber registers with an ammunition infeed opening 80a, the
following firing chamber (in the direction of cylinder rotation) is
located in an infeed position B, wherein the chamber registers with
an ammunition infeed opening 80b, and the third firing chamber is
located in an ejection position E, wherein the chamber registers
with an ejection opening 82.
Each full retraction stroke of the safety shield 102 rotates a
cylinder firing chamber 78 from infeed position B to firing
position F, and each full extension stroke of the shield rotates
the latter firing chamber from firing position to ejection position
E, and the following firing chamber to infeed position B.
Safety shield 102 is retracted by engaging the shield with a
workpiece W and the pressing forwardly on the tool. The shield is
returned to extended position by its spring 120 when the tool is
removed from the workpiece.
The safety shield interlock means 104 prevent retraction of the
safety shield 102 to arm the stud driver 40, and thereby prevent
firing the driver, unless the tool is pressed against a workpiece
with the axis of the barrel 42 normal to the work surface. This
eliminates the possibility of firing of the tool with the barrel
canted relative to the work surface which might permit ricocheting
of the fired stud 12.
It will be recalled that the stud 12 of each present ammunition
round 10 has a rear safety head 32 including a cylindrical portion
36 with radially projecting safety ribs 38. These safety ribs
slidably engage within the longitudinal grooves 26 in the cartridge
case liner 22. The wall of the bore 44 in the stud driver barrel 42
is formed with similar longitudinal grooves 148 which register with
the liner grooves 126 of each ammunition round 10 when the latter
is located in firing position. These barrel grooves are sized to
slidably receive the safety head ribs 38 of each fired stud 12. In
this regard, it is significant to note that because of the
triangular round shape of the illustrated ammunition, each
ammunition round 10 may occupy any one of three different angular
positions in the breech cylinder firing chambers 78. That is to
say, each round may be positioned in a firing chamber with any one
of the three curved sides of the round exposed at the open side of
the chamber. The liner grooves 26 and barrel grooves 148 are
automatically aligned in each position of the round. Accordingly,
when an ammunition round is fired in the present stud driver, its
contained stud 12 will be propelled forwardly through the bore 44
in such a way that the safety head ribs 38 of the stud engage in
and slide along the barrel grooves 148.
Under normal conditions, each fired stud 12 will penetrate the
workpiece W until the forward end of the threaded stud body 30
engages the work surface. In this regard, it should be noted a
significant feature of the present stud driver ammunition resides
in the fact that each ammunition round 10 will contain the proper
propellant charge 14 for its particular stud size and type and the
particular work material in which the stud is driven for driving
the stud to the correct depth.
Accordingly, the possibility, which exists in a conventional stud
driver, of mating an improper propellant charge with a stud to be
driven is greatly minimized if not virtually eliminated in the
present stud driver. As noted earlier, however, and as is
well-known to those skilled in the art, there always exists the
possibility of firing a stud into a workpiece or workpiece area
which is softer than anticipated and which would permit travel of
the fired stud completely through the work unless the stud were
restrained or captivated by the tool. The safety collar 60 of the
present stud driver and the safety head 32 on the stud 12 of each
present ammunition round 10 cooperate to provide this
stud-captivating action.
In connection with this stud-captivating action, attention is
directed to FIG. 4 wherein it will be observed that the safety
collar 60 has a front wall 150 which is spaced from the front end
of the barrel 42 to define therebetween an internal annular groove
or recess 154. This recess has an outside diameter slightly greater
than the diameter of a circle centered on the axis of each stud 12
and circumscribing the safety head ribs 38 of the stud. Opening
through the front safety collar wall 150, on the axis of the barrel
bore 44, is a circular opening 156 of about the same diameter as
the bore. Wall 150 also has three uniformly spaced notches 158 of
about the same cross-section as the barrel grooves 148. These
notches open radially into the front collar wall opening 156 and
are angularly displaced from the barrel grooves 148. It is now
evident, therefore, that in the event of excessive penetration of a
fired stud 14 into a workpiece W, the stud will be finally arrested
by engagement of its safety head ribs 38 with the front wall 150 of
the safety collar 60. The stud is thus captivated by the stud
driver until deliberately released. Such release is accomplished by
rotating the tool relative to the driven stud to a position wherein
the safety collar notches 158 are aligned with the safety head ribs
on the driven stud and then retracting the tool rearwardly from the
stud.
The operation of the illustrated stud driver 40 is now believed to
be obvious. Briefly reviewing this operation, the stud driver is
conditioned for firing by removing the ammunition magazines 56a,
56b from the breech frame 52 and loading each magazine with the
proper number of ammunition rounds 10. The magazines are then
reinstalled on the tool, whereupon the tool is readied for use.
During such use, the stud driver is pressed forwardly against a
workpiece W with the axis of the barrel 42 normal to the work
surface. This action initially actuates the interlock means 104 to
release the safety shield 102 for retraction relative to the
barrel. Continued forward pressure of the tool against the
workpiece now results in forward extension of the barrel relative
to the shield, and hence relative retraction of the shield relative
to the barrel, until the front end of the safety collar 60 bottoms
against the work surface. This relative retraction of the safety
shield 102 along the barrel 42 drives the breech cylinder 50 to
transport an ammunition round 10 from one of the ammunition
magazines 56a or 56b to firing position. At this point, the trigger
98 of the tool is depressed to fire the round currently in firing
position and thereby effect the forward propulsion of its contained
stud 12 into the workpiece.
Returning now to the operation of the illustrated stud driver,
excessive penetration of a fired stud 12 into the workpiece W is
prevented or limited by engagement of the stud safety ribs 38 with
the front wall 150 of the safety collar 60. The tool is removed
from such a fired stud by rotating the tool to a position wherein
the front safety wall notches 158 are aligned with the stud ribs
and then withdrawing the tool rearwardly from the stud. After each
stud is driven into the workpiece, the safety head of the stud may
be easily removed by merely snapping or breaking the slender
connecting stem 34 between the head and the stud proper.
* * * * *