U.S. patent number 3,765,412 [Application Number 05/211,600] was granted by the patent office on 1973-10-16 for inflatable cervical collar for prevention of head and neck injury.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary, Department. Invention is credited to Arthur E. Hirsch, Ayub K. Ommaya.
United States Patent |
3,765,412 |
Ommaya , et al. |
October 16, 1973 |
INFLATABLE CERVICAL COLLAR FOR PREVENTION OF HEAD AND NECK
INJURY
Abstract
A novel medical appliance is disclosed comprising an inflatable
cervical collar adapted to be disposed about the neck of a wearer
who may be an occupant of a motor vehicle, for example. A source of
compressed gas is connected to the inflatable collar, and
triggering means are associated with the compressed gas source for
inflating the collar upon the occurence of an impact to the
vehicle, such as a rear-end collision. When the collar is inflated,
rotation of the neck of the wearer relative to the torso is
substantially reduced or prevented, thus preventing a whiplash-like
head or neck injury.
Inventors: |
Ommaya; Ayub K. (Bethesda,
MD), Hirsch; Arthur E. (Bethesda, MD) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary, Department (Washington,
DC)
|
Family
ID: |
22787594 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/211,600 |
Filed: |
December 23, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
128/846;
128/DIG.23; 128/857; 128/DIG.20; 606/241 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
5/055 (20130101); Y10S 128/23 (20130101); Y10S
128/20 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
5/04 (20060101); A61F 5/055 (20060101); A61h
001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/75,132,DIG.20,DIG.23 ;2/3,6,DIG.3 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Yasko; J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A medical appliance for reducing rotational displacement of the
neck and for preventing head and neck injury of a wearer during an
impact to a vehicle carrying the wearer, said appliance comprising,
in combination:
an inflatable collar means adapted to be disposed about the neck of
the wearer, said collar means, when inflated, inhibiting rotation
of the neck relative to the torso;
a source of compressed gas and means communicating said source of
compressed gas with said inflatable collar means for inflating the
collar means when triggered; and
triggering means adapted to be carried by the wearer and associated
with said compressed gas source for triggering said source of
compressed gas, said triggering means detecting acceleration of a
body portion of the wearer above predetermined limits upon the
occurrence of an impact to the vehicle, whereby said collar means
is inflated.
2. A medical appliance as defined in claim 1, further including
means for removably detaching said inflatable collar means to an
article of apparel on the body of the wearer.
3. A medical appliance as defined in claim 2, further including, in
combination, a helmet adapted to be disposed on the head of the
wearer, said helmet being coupled to said collar means and defining
said article of apparel.
4. A medical appliance as defined in claim 2, further including, in
combination, a garment adapted to be disposed on the upper torso of
the wearer, said garment being coupled to said collar means and
defining said article of apparel.
5. A medical appliance as defined in claim 1, wherein said body
portion comprises the head of the wearer.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention generally relates to the medical arts and
particularly concerns an inflatable medical appliance for the
prevention of head and neck injuries of the whiplash-type such as
oftentimes occur in automobile accidents.
The number of traffic accidents involving motor vehicles such as
automobiles, motorcycles and the like, has been rising in recent
years and has reached alarming figures. Associated with this
increasing accident rate has been an increase in injuries and
fatalities of the occupants of the vehicles involved. And, leading
among such injuries, are injuries to the head and neck,
particularly as occur in the common rear-end impact type of
accident.
Such head and neck injuries are generally the result of two
mechanisms. One such mechanism comprises a direct impact to the
head and neck. Another such mechanism consists of a acceleration of
the head and neck, i.e., a "whiplash" type of action. Each of these
mechanisms oftentimes effects cerebral concussions and brain
injuries including macroscopic intracranial hemorhage. Clinical
evidence suggests that rotational displacement of the neck,
expressed as either rotational velocity or acceleration, is a prime
physical mechanism of brain damage in whiplash injuries caused by
the impact of rear-end vehicle collisions. In fact, approximately
half of the potential for the brain injury during such a collision
is directly proportional to the amount of head rotation of the
occupant of the vehicle, and it is known that rotational
acceleration of the head above certain predetermined limits, such
as 1800rads/sec..sup.2 will probably result in cerebral
concussions.
In recognition of the propensity for occurence of head and neck
injuries during vehicular collisions, many safety appliances and
the like have been developed in the prior art. For example, the
proper use of seat and shoulder belts in a vehicle oftentimes
prevents the impact type of head injury upon a vehicular collision.
Other prior art approaches to this problem have included the
provision of inflatable bags or other such mechanisms which
generally act as a barrier or "wall" about the occupant of the
vehicle, also to prevent impact-type of head injuries. Little has
been done in the prior art, however, to prevent neck and head
injuries of the non-impact or "whiplash" variety and specifically
to prevent rotational displacement of the neck of an occupant of a
vehicle during a vehicular collision.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The instant invention proposes to provide a medical appliance which
is adapted to be worn by the occupant of a vehicle, which appliance
has as its primary objective the reduction of rotational
displacement of the neck and head of the wearer during an impact to
the vehicle carrying the wearer.
Another objective of the instant invention concerns the provision
of a medical appliance which is of an inflatable type, wherein
inflation of the appliance is effective automatically upon the
occurence of an impact.
These objects as well as others which will become apparent as the
description proceeds are implemented by the instant invention which
will be seen to comprise an inflatable collar which is adapted to
be disposed about the neck of a wearer who may be an occupant in a
vehicle, for example. The collar means is normally in an uninflated
condition, and when the collar means is inflated, it serves to
inhibit rotation of the neck relative to the torso of the wearer.
As mentioned at the outset, the reduction of rotational
displacement of the neck serves to substantially reduce and prevent
neck and head injuries to the wearer during an impact to the
vehicle.
In a preferred inventive embodiment, the inflatable collar is
adapted to be removably attached to an article of apparel, such as
a helmet or an upper torso garment, on the body of the wearer. Such
attachment serves to facilitate the utilization of the medical
appliance, and further assists in the reduction of rotational
displacement of the neck.
A source of compressed gas is connected to the inflatable collar
for inflating the collar when triggered. In this respect, a
triggering device is associated with the compressed gas source for
releasing the compressed gas upon the occurence of an impact to the
vehicle within which the wearer is an occupant. In the preferred
inventive embodiment, the triggering means serves to detect
acceleration of the head and neck of the wearer itself, which
acceleration is caused by an impact to the vehicle.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention itself will be better understood and features and
advantages thereof other than as above-discussed will become
apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred
inventive embodiment, such description making reference to the
appended single sheet of drawings, wherein:
FIGS. 1a, 1b, and 1c are perspective illustrations of the side,
front and rear, respectively, of a first embodiment of the novel
medical appliance of the instant invention in an uninflated
condition;
FIGS. 2a, 2b, and 2c are side, front, and rear views, respectively,
of the first embodiment of the instant invention depicted in FIGS.
1 in an inflated or operative condition;
FIGS. 3a and 3b are front and side perspective views, respectively,
of another embodiment of the instant invention depicted in an
uninflated condition; and
FIGS. 4a and 4b are front and side perspective illustrations,
respectively, of the second inventive embodiment of FIGS. 3
illustrated in an inflated or operable condition.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED INVENTIVE EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings and particularly to FIGS. 1 and 2
thereof, a first embodiment of the novel medical appliance of the
instant invention is depicted. The medical appliance will be seen
to comprise an inflatable collar means 12 constructed of rubberized
cloth or similar impervious synthetic material. The inflatable
collar means 12 is adapted to be worn about the neck of the wearer
and, as seen in FIG. 1c, has overlapping ends which assure a secure
fit and guard against undesirable rotation. The inflatable collar
means 12 is further adapted to be removably attached to an article
of apparel on the body of the wearer and, in this instance, the
collar means 12 is illustrated as being removably attached to a
helmet 10. In fact, collar means 12 functions as the chin strap for
helmet 10.
In FIGS. 1, the collar means 12 is depicted in its uninflated
condition. When the collar means 12 is inflated, such as depicted
in FIGS. 2, the collar means serves to inhibit rotation of the neck
of the wearer relative to the torso and, in this respect, it will
be seen that the collar means 12 is itself contoured so as to
comfortably fit about the neck of the wearer and further about the
shoulders. A source of compressed gas, such as cylinder or
container 14 disposed on helmet 10, is provided and is connected to
the inflatable collar means 12 via a coupling tube 16 so as to
controllably inflate the collar. In this respect, the collar is
adapted to be inflated upon the occurrence of an impact to the
vehicle within which the wearer is an occupant. To this end, a
sensing means or means for triggering the compressed gas source 14
is provided as at 18, which sensing means broadly senses the
occurrence of an impact.
In the preferred embodiment, sensing means 18 serves to detect
acceleration of a body portion of the medical appliance wearer,
such as the head or neck, when such acceleration exceeds a
predetermined medically safe level. The actual internal
construction of the triggering means 18 serves no part of the
instant invention, and such triggering means could comprise any of
the well-known accelerometer type devices available in the art.
Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4 of the appended drawings, a second
embodiment of the novel medical appliance of the instant invention
is shown. Here, the inflatable collar means is designated by
reference numeral 20 and is adapted to define a removable and
overlapping lapel for an upper torso body garment as shown. The
inflatable collar means 20 is connected to an associated source of
compressed gas 14 via a connecting or coupling tube 26, which
compressed gas is caused to flow into and inflate the collar means
20 upon impact sensed by triggering means 18. The components of
this second preferred embodiment of the invention operate in a
fashion similar to like elements in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and
2.
It should be noted that with respect to the embodiment depicted in
FIGS. 1 and 2, the collar means, when inflated moves in a downward
direction as shown by the arrows in FIG. 1a so as to make contoured
contact with the shoulders of the wearer. With the embodiment
depicted in FIGS. 3 and 4, the collar means, when inflated, moves
upwardly under the chin of the wearer in a direction indicated by
the arrows in FIG. 3a.
It should now be apparent that the objects initially set forth at
the outset to this specification have been successfully achieved.
It further should be appreciated that while preferred inventive
embodiments have been illustrated and described herein,
modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art, and
the invention may be variously practised within the scope of the
appended claims.
* * * * *