U.S. patent number 3,762,991 [Application Number 05/093,669] was granted by the patent office on 1973-10-02 for paper machine foil support having controlled deflection.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Beloit Corporation. Invention is credited to Edgar J. Justus.
United States Patent |
3,762,991 |
Justus |
October 2, 1973 |
PAPER MACHINE FOIL SUPPORT HAVING CONTROLLED DEFLECTION
Abstract
A dewatering foil for positioning beneath a traveling
Fourdrinier wire of a paper making machine having a supporting beam
pivotally mounted at its ends with the beam constructed relative to
the foil so that in all positions of support it has a vertical
downward component of deflection due to the force of the friction
of the wire against the foil.
Inventors: |
Justus; Edgar J. (Beloit,
WI) |
Assignee: |
Beloit Corporation (Beloit,
WI)
|
Family
ID: |
22240127 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/093,669 |
Filed: |
November 30, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
162/352;
162/374 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D21F
1/486 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
D21F
1/48 (20060101); D21g 009/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;162/374,351,352,354 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Bashore; S. Leon
Assistant Examiner: D'Andrea, Jr.; Alfred
Claims
I claim as my invention:
1. In a dewatering foil structure for the fourdrinier section of a
paper making machine, the combination comprising:
a dewatering foil having an upper planar surface for close running
relation with a fourdrinier wire and positioned at an angle thereto
to aid in removing water from a web on the wire and having a
leading edge contacting the wire;
a rectangular hollow fabricated beam supporting the foil beneath
the wire;
end support means for the beam;
the beam having a width substantially wider than said foil surface;
said beam constructed to have a moment of inertia with a first
principal axis which is generally vertical and a second principal
axis which is generally horizontal;
said beam tilted with respect to the wire at a substantially
greater angle than the angle between the foil surface and the wire
so that the resultant beam deflection due to frictional force of
the wire acting on the foil has a downward component whereby
running variations of the frictional force of the wire on the foil
will vary the deflection of the beam in a downward direction
avoiding vibration of the beam through such frictional variances,
said foil mounted on the upper leading corner of said beam and
projecting a substantial distance ahead of the beam with said
contacting leading edge being ahead of the beam.
2. In a dewatering foil structure for the fourdrinier section of a
paper making machine constructed in accordance with claim 1, the
combination comprising:
said end support being located directly below the contacting
leading edge of the foil.
3. In a dewatering foil structure for the fourdrinier section of a
paper making machine constructed in accordance with claim 1, the
combination comprising:
said contacting, leading edge located relative to the center of
gravity of the beam to form an angle of more than 30.degree. with a
line normal to the wire extending through said center of
gravity.
4. In a dewatering foil structure for the fourdrinier section of a
paper making machine constructed in accordance with claim 3:
wherein said angle between the contacting leading edge and the
center of gravity of the beam is between 40.degree. and 50.degree.
.
5. In a dewatering foil structure for the fourdrinier section of a
paper making machine constructed in accordance with claim 3:
wherein said angle between said contacting leading edge and the
center of gravity of the beam is substantially 45.degree. .
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to improvements in supports for foils in
paper making machines. The foils are generally of the nature shown
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,377,236 assigned to the assignee of the instant
application. In this type of foil, the foil generally has a leading
edge which makes line contact across the traveling fourdrinier
wire, and has a planar offrunning surface which forms a small
diverging angle with the wire, so that as the wire passes the foil,
water will emerge from the web through the wire and flow onto the
upper surface of the foil and downwardly off the trailing edge to
dewater the web. The wire travels at a relatively high rate of
speed and in the dynamic operation of dewatering, changes in the
frictional force of the wire on the foil occur. These frictional
forces while varying in small amounts can change very rapidly, and
it has been found that with foil supports of conventional
construction vibration and chattering occur resulting in unstable
operation and non-uniform dewatering that can cause non-uniform
fiber arrangement and result in non-uniformity of the web on the
wire. One of the reasons for this vibration has been discovered to
be the stubbing effect between the foil and the wire which
resembles a stick - slip type of vibration which occurs
approximately at the maximum natural frequency of the foil support
about its vertical axis. Foils and their supports have been
generally designed to obtain maximum strength to accommodate static
forces or vertical forces of the wire on the foil and have been
designed to accommodate other factors without recognition of the
vibration caused by variations in the frictional force caused by
rubbing of the wire on the foil blade.
Designs heretofore available have also been constructed with the
support for the foil being located so that its center of gravity is
generally vertically directly beneath the foil. It has been
discovered that this type of construction also causes vibrations
and disturbing effects to the web formation inasmuch as this
excites a torsional natural frequency. This is particularly true
with open sections of construction such as those employed with
double deflectors beneath the wire.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an
improved foil support having construction which helps eliminate the
vibrations and chatter between the foil and the wire due to
variances in frictional force which result during high speed
dynamic operation.
A more specific object of the invention is to provide a support
wherein momentary increase in frictional force between the wire and
foil results in a downward deflection of the foil thereby tending
to compensate for the increase or, in other words, decrease the
frictional force and thereby tend to obtain a stable running
condition.
Another object of the invention is to provide a foil support
wherein the structural positioning between the foil and its support
are such that torsional natural frequency vibrations due to
reaction between the foil and the support are avoided.
Other objects and advantages will become more apparent with the
disclosure of the preferred embodiments of the invention in the
specification and drawings in which:
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a support beam for a foil, with
portions omitted, constructed in accordance with the present
invention; and
FIG. 2 is a detailed vertical sectional view taken substantially
through line II--II of FIG. 1 and illustrating schematically the
unique construction and location of the elements.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As illustrated in FIG. 2, a traveling fourdrinier wire W is located
in a fourdrinier section of a paper making machine and travels over
dewatering elements including a foil 9. The foil has a leading edge
10 at which it forms substantial line contact with the wire W, and
has a trailing planar surface 11 which forms a small angle 12 of
divergence with the wire W for removing water from the web through
the wire. The small angle of divergence preferably is in the range
of 0.degree. to 3.degree. and this is adjustable to accommodate
variations in running conditions by the support structure which
will be described. The foil is rigidly mounted on a support beam B
with a gib connection 13 on a plate 19 secured on the beam B. The
beam and the foil extend in a cross-machine direction beneath the
wire, and the beam is supported on its ends. At the ends are
trunnions 14 and 15 which are adjustably mounted on the frame of
the machine to pivot the beam to obtain the desired offrunning
angle 12 between the foil and the wire. Various suitable locking
structures which permit angular adjustment may be obtained, and
need not be shown in detail since they will be fully appreciated by
those skilled in the art. A split collar arrangement which can be
locked by tightening the parts in the collar is a conventional
structure which may be employed.
The beam preferably is constructed in an open box shape with the
walls of the box shown at 18, and cross reinforcing webs 17 extend
across the box beam B. At the ends of the beam are plates 16 to
which the trunnions 14 and 15 are attached.
As shown in FIG. 2, the support beam has a first principal axis Y
which is substantially vertical and a second principal axis X which
is substantially horizontal (the axes are not exactly horizontal or
vertical and their principal location will become clear in the
following description).
The vertical axis X is the axis of the maximum moment of inertia
and the horizontal axis Y is the axis of the minimum moment of
inertia of the beam construction. The center of gravity of the beam
is shown at C.G.
As the wire travels over the foil, a frictional force is caused by
the rubbing of the wire on the foil. This force, as it acts on the
center of gravity of the beam, is shown by the arrowed vector F.
For this analysis the weight of the wire on the foil need not be
taken into account since it is substantially static.
As shown in FIG. 2 the X and Y components of the force F are shown
at F.sub.x and F.sub.y.
Plotting the deflection of the beam in the X direction, the force
F.sub.x and from the minimum moment of inertia I.sub.y will result
in a deflection .DELTA.X.
The deflection along the Y axis is shown as .DELTA.Y which is
obtainable from the force F.sub.y and the maximum moment of inertia
I.sub.x.
The beam is designed with the X axis being the maximum moment of
inertia and the Y axis being the minimum moment of inertia so that
F.sub.x is greater than F.sub.y and accordingly .DELTA.X is much
larger than .DELTA.Y.
.DELTA. is the vector addition of .DELTA.X and .DELTA.Y and is the
resultant deflection of the beam B. Therefore, it will be apparent
that the deflection .DELTA. has a downward component with respect
to the direction of the wire, and the deflection .DELTA. is at an
angle .alpha. with respect to the wire.
The result of this construction is that if a variation occurs in
the frictional force between the wire and the foil, for example, an
increase in .DELTA.F will cause the beam to deflect downwardly
causing the foil to move in a direction away from the wire to
decrease the normal force (shown by the arrowed line 20) and
thereby decrease the frictional force. Accordingly, a decrease in
the frictional force .DELTA. will cause the beam to move slightly
upwardly tending to increase the normal force 20 and thereby
increase the frictional force. This will achieve a condition of
stability.
It has been discovered in practice that the angle .alpha. (which is
the angle between the resultant deflection vector and the wire)
should be between 0.degree. to 5.degree.. This results in the
vertical axis Y of the moment of inertia being near the full
vertical position to minimize static beam deflection. Because of
the possibilities of inaccuracies of construction, the positive
angle should be maintained and designed to insure that an actual
angle of 0 degrees or more will result.
It has been further discovered that to avoid exciting a torsional
natural frequency in the beam it is important to position the
leading edge 10 of the foil 9 beyond a minimum angle .beta. . This
is the angle of measurement between a line 21 normal to the wire,
and a line 22 drawn through the center of gravity C.G. and the
leading edge 10 of the foil. It has been discovered that an optimum
angle for .beta. is substantially 45.degree., and between
40.degree. and 50.degree. is desirable. The 30.degree. angle is
critical and if .beta. falls lower than this torsional vibration,
with its disturbing effect on web formation will tend to occur.
As will be apparent from the foregoing disclosure and the
illustration of FIG. 2, a positive angle .alpha. can be obtained by
construction and design both in the tilted position of the beam
relative to the foil and the strength of the moment of inertia
along its vertical axis Y relative to the strength of the moment of
inertia along its horizontal axis X.
Thus, it will be seen that there has been provided an improved foil
and support therefor which achieves the objectives and advantages
above set forth which improves stability of operation and results
in improved paper web formation particularly in high speed
operating machines.
* * * * *