U.S. patent number 3,759,057 [Application Number 05/216,414] was granted by the patent office on 1973-09-18 for room air conditioner having compressor with variable capacity and control therefor.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Invention is credited to William A. English, Robert R. Young.
United States Patent |
3,759,057 |
English , et al. |
September 18, 1973 |
ROOM AIR CONDITIONER HAVING COMPRESSOR WITH VARIABLE CAPACITY AND
CONTROL THEREFOR
Abstract
A room air conditioner with a compressor having variable
capacity is provided by the invention, with the variable capacity
automatically adjusted to balance with the refrigeration load of
the space being cooled. A movable valve progressively opens a
portion of the compressor cylinder to the suction side of the
system so that a progressively reduced volume of active cylinder is
available for compression. The volume available for compression is
automatically proportioned by a control arrangement which is
actuated by the temperature of the space being cooled.
Inventors: |
English; William A. (Export,
PA), Young; Robert R. (Murrysville, PA) |
Assignee: |
Westinghouse Electric
Corporation (Pittsburgh, PA)
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Family
ID: |
22806974 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/216,414 |
Filed: |
January 10, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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2838 |
Jan 14, 1970 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
62/196.3;
417/292; 62/229; 417/440; 62/217 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24F
5/001 (20130101); F04B 49/16 (20130101); F25B
49/022 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24F
5/00 (20060101); F04B 49/16 (20060101); F25B
49/02 (20060101); F25b 041/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;62/217,228,196,229
;417/292,440,274,304 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Perlin; Meyer
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation-in-part of our copending U.S.
patent application, Ser. No. 2838, filed Jan. 14, 1970 now
abandoned.
Claims
We claim:
1. A room air conditioner for cooling and dehumidifying a room,
comprising:
a single cylinder hermetic compressor, including a piston, and a
cylinder wall having a number of ports therein spaced axially
relative to the cylinder axis, in that part of the length of the
cylinder wall traversed by the head end of said piston;
valve means for said ports, said valve means having one position
corresponding to full capacity operation of said compressor closing
all of said ports, and being movable in a direction generally
parallel to said cylinder axis and generally transverse to the
direction of any gas flow through said ports, to an opposite
position in which all of said ports are open;
means placing said ports, when open, in communication with the
suction side of the compressor;
control means for said air conditioner including means for
effecting movement of said valve means in accordance with
temperature changes in a selected range in the room conditioned by
said air conditioner, said valve means moving progressively in a
direction from said one position toward said opposite position in
response to progressively lower temperatures in said range in said
room, so that the compression stroke of said piston is, in effect,
progressively shortened to provide progressively reduced capacity
of said compressor while continuing to operate to provide reduced
cooling and dehumidification of said conditioned room.
2. A room air conditioner according to claim 1 wherein:
said means for effecting movement of said valve means includes
means providing the motive power for moving said valve means
independent of changes in discharge and suction pressures of said
compressor.
3. In a room air conditioner according to claim 1 wherein:
said control means includes first thermostatic means for selecting
a first temperature established in the upper limit of said selected
range, and second thermostatic means for selecting a second
temperature establishing a lower limit of said selected range.
4. A room air conditioner according to claim 3 including:
means for adjusting said first and second thermostatic means
together with a relatively constant temperature differential
therebetween to effect a change of said selected temperature range
as a whole.
5. A room air conditioner according to claim 4 wherein:
said first thermostatic means controls switch means for controlling
said means effecting movement of said valve means; and
said second thermostatic means controls switch means for starting
and stopping compressor operation.
6. A room air conditioner according to claim 1 wherein:
said air conditioner includes a refrigerant evaporator and blower
means for effecting air flow through said evaporator to said room;
and
means for reducing air flow through said evaporator in accordance
with the reduction of the capacity of said compressor.
7. In a room air conditioner according to claim 6 wherein:
said means for effecting movement of said valve means associated
with said compressor is connected to simultaneously operate said
means for reducing air flow.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a room air conditioner having a variable
capacity compressor and controls therefor.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In order to operate a refrigerant system at a reduced load where
the compressor utilized includes only a single cylinder, a method
must be devised to provide the system of which the compressor is a
part with a reduced load capacity. Some methods utilized to provide
this reduced system capacity include hot gas bypass, a solid state
speed control for the compressor, suction gas throttling or reheat.
In each of these methods the amount of power consumed by the system
to obtain partial capacity is not correspondingly reduced relative
to the power consumed at full capacity. Obviously such an
arrangement is wasteful, requiring the home owner or refrigeration
system owner to pay for power which should not actually be required
for part capacity operation. Compressors have, therefore, been
designed which provide variable capacity, in and of themselves, so
that the system power requirements at partial load are reduced.
Compressors which have only a single cylinder but yet have a
variable capacity are well known in the compressor field. An
example of a compressor having a reduced capacity arrangement that
utilize valves to vary the active volume of the compression
cylinder is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 1,481,358. In the arrangement
shown therein, valves are opened to provide reduced capacity and
are manually actuated so that a portion of the cylinder, may be
opened to the suction side of the system. However, the structure
shown in this patent does not disclose any arrangement or control
system whereby control of the compressor capacity is obtained
automatically through actual load conditions. In U.S. Pat. No.
877,492, an automatic arrangement is shown for controlling
unloading valves which reduce the capacity of a compressor (pump)
but the device of this patent is directed towards the regulation of
the operation of a gas engine so that the automatic means
controlling the valve arrangement is actuated by the actual speed
of the engine. Thus, this patent in no way suggests the automatic
operation of a single cylinder compressor utilized in an air
conditioning or refrigeration system which is responsive to the
actual loading imposed on it by the space for which it offers
cooling.
Other U.S. Pat. Nos. relating to one aspect or another of
compressor capacity control include: 2,036,846, 2,036,847,
2,170,846, 2,555,005 and 3,272,786, cited in our original
application. However, none of these patents are directly concerned
with room air conditioners of the single cylinder hermetic
compressor type, and are not provided with structural arrangements,
nor control arrangements, which yield modulating control (in the
sense of progressive or incremental steps) of compressor capacity.
That is, they appear to provide arrangements in which the reduction
of compressor capacity available is of a predetermined, given
amount.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the principles of the invention, a room air
conditioner has a single cylinder hermetic compressor of variable
capacity attained by a series of ports spaced axially along the
cylinder wall and adapted to be placed in communication with the
suction side of the refrigeration system. These ports are capable
of being progressively closed and opened by a valve member movable
in a direction generally parallel to the cylinder axis. Movement of
the valve member is governed by control pressures responsive to
changes in the temperature of the room being cooled. The valve
member covers all the ports in the cylinder wall at full compressor
capacity. As the demand for cooling in the room is progressively
reduced, the valve member is moved to uncover, in corresponding
progressive fashion, portions or all of successive ports closer and
closer to the head of the cylinder. This vents more and more of the
cylinder volume to the suction side of the refrigeration
system.
In one embodiment of the invention, the control pressure is
provided by a generator containing oil or refrigerant which has a
conduit leading to the valve member so as to provide a pressure on
the driving piston of the valve member when the oil or refrigerant
containing generator has been activated. Activation of the
generator is provided by a thermostat conveniently located in the
room being cooled. When the room temperature falls to a selected
level, a pair of contacts close providing current flow to a heating
coil surrounding the generator. As this generator heats, the oil or
refrigerant provides an increasing pressure against the piston of
the valve body, urging the piston in a direction to uncover the
ports in the cylinder wall. Although such a thermostat actuated
switch is an on-off device, the heating coil and generator can be
sized so that intermittent current flow to the heating element of
the generator will, as the time of current flow increases, move the
piston more and more towards a port opening position. In the
embodiment disclosed, substantially a 50 percent reduction can be
obtained in capacity for the compressor in small increments.
In a second embodiment of the invention, the control pressure is
provided by a tap off the condenser of the refrigeration system,
this tap containing a three way solenoid which is again actuated by
contacts activated by the thermostat so as to provide a pressure
from the condenser to the piston in the valve body whenever the
temperature in the room falls below that set on the thermostat. A
conduit is also connected into the solenoid valve so that, with
room temperatures above or equal to that set on the thermostat,
provision is made for permitting the back flow of control pressure
to the suction side of the system to thereby equalize the pressure
on each side of the valve body.
In a third embodiment of the invention, condenser pressure is again
utilized as the control pressure for the valve body but in this
embodiment no flexible bellows is disposed between the piston and
the conduit leading from the condenser. Thus, a certain amount of
control pressure leakage is permitted to flow past the piston into
the suction side of the system to provide pressure equalization
when full capacity of the compressor is required. With this
arrangement, a two-way solenoid valve is all that is required to
provide and interrupt condenser control pressure from being imposed
on the valve body piston. A significant savings over the cost of
the second embodiment may be attained by the use of the two-way
solenoid valve.
DRAWING DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 is a view of the compressor cylinder of the instant
invention in cross-section with the generating arrangement shown
generally schematically;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the apertured plate of the valve body of
the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but showing the second
embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIGS. 1 and 3 but showing the third
embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a room air conditioner provided with
a variable capacity compressor and control system according to the
invention, and with the control system shown in removed relation to
the air condition-er for clarity.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1 of the drawings, a compressor 8 (shown only
fragmentarily) having a cylinder 10 can be seen. A piston 12 is
disposed in the cylinder of the compressor for reciprocating
movement so as to provide a pressurized refrigerant gas for a
refrigeration or air conditioning system. Piston 12 is connected to
a crank shaft 14 by a connecting rod 16 as is conventional in a
compressor configuration so that rotation of crank shaft 14
actuates the piston 12 in its reciprocating motion.
A suction manifold 18 formed in a housing 9 of the compressor 8 is
provided for introducing low pressure refrigerant gas into the
cylinder 10 and a discharge manifold 20, also formed in the
compressor housing, is provided for receiving the pressurized gas
discharged from the cylinder 10. Each of these manifolds is partly
formed in an end member 22 of the housing by casting or the like so
as to provide an inexpensively manufactured configuration. Disposed
inwardly of the end member 22, as shown in the drawings, is a valve
plate 24 having both a discharge valve 26 and a suction valve 28,
with the valve plate 24 disposed between the cylinder 10 and the
end member 22 so as to complete the enclosure for the manifolds 18,
20. A pair of gaskets 30 and 32 are disposed on opposite sides of
the valve plate 24 to insure that there is a gas tight seal between
it and the end of the cylinder 10 and end member 22. It should be
clear that, on the suction stroke of the piston 12, gasses are
drawn from the suction manifold 18 through the suction valve 28
into the cylinder 10 and that, on the exhaust stroke of the piston
12, gasses are forced outwardly through the discharge valve 26 into
the discharge manifold 20 and from there through a discharge port
34 disposed in end plate 22 so as to provide for the exit of
compressed gasses to the condenser of the refrigeration system, the
discharge valve 26 and suction valve 28 serving as check valves to
prevent the backward flow of gasses into the cylinder 10 or
discharge manifold 20, respectively. The valves 26 and 28, of
course, are spring biased into a generally closed position by being
formed as a resilient member or the like.
As is conventional, the piston 12 reciprocates within the cylinder
10 between a bottom dead-center position as illustrated in FIG. 1
to a top dead-center position closely adjacent to valve plate 24.
During this movement of the piston 12 a volume within cylinder 10
is swept, this volume depending upon the diameter of the bore of
the cylinder 10 and the length of the stroke of the piston 12, and
such sweep represents the full capacity of the compressor.
In order to provide for reduced capacity of the compressor, means
are provided to reduce the active volume of the sweep of the piston
12 during which actual compression of the refrigerant gas is
maintained. A series of ports indicated 36 and 38 in FIG. 1 are
disposed in a wall 40 forming the cylinder 10, there being two
ports 36 in aligned relationship and three ports 38 in aligned
relationship. Such alignment is substantially perpendicular to the
axis along which the piston 12 reciprocates. The ports 36 and 38
open to and are in confluent relationship with corresponding ports
42 and 44 disposed in an apertured plate 46 mounted on the wall 40
of cylinder 12, a milled face 48 on cylinder 10 providing for this
mounting. The apertured plate 46 can best be seen in FIG. 2 where
it is easily ascertained that the ports 42 and 44 are in an aligned
relationship similar to the ports 36 and 38 so that a flow of
refrigerant gas may pass outwardly of the cylinder 10 when the
ports are open to the suction side of the system. The ports 36 are
spaced axially, relative to the direction of the cylinder axis,
from the ports 38; and so are, correspondingly, the ports 42 spaced
from ports 44. All of the ports are in that part of the length of
the cylinder traversed by the head of the piston.
The aperture plate 46 forms one side wall of a control valve 50
which controls the degree to which the ports 42 and 44 are open so
as to correspondingly control the degree to which refrigerant gas
from the cylinder 10 escapes as the piston 12 sweeps from its
bottom dead-center position to its top dead-center position.
Disposed within the control valve 50 is a slide member 52. The
slide member 52 includes an enlarged portion 54 which, during the
reciprocating motion of the slide member 52, has one side that
covers or uncovers the ports 42 and 44, the slide member 52 being
guided in its movement across the ports 42 and 44 by a thickened
portion 56 of a second side wall 58 of the valve 50, disposed
opposite to the apertured plate 46, by the elongated ends of the
ports 42 and 44 and by an enlarged portion 59 on apertured plate
46. The control valve 50 is generally square in cross-section and
its enclosure is completed by an end wall 60 disposed in abutting
relationship with valve plate 24 and an end cap 61. A flange 62 is
integral with end wall 60 to provide one convenient area for
connection of the end wall 60 with the side wall 58.
Disposed substantially medially of the end wall 60 is a port 64.
The port 64 passes completely through the end wall 60 and opens
into confluent relationship with a port 66 disposed in valve plate
24, the said port 66 communicating with the suction manifold 18.
Suction manifold 18 is thereby opened to the interior of control
valve 50.
The end cap 61 includes a blind bore 68 which terminates short of
the exterior of the end wall 61 so as to provide a capped portion
70 to substantially close this end of the control valve 50. A bore
72 of the same diameter as blind bore 68 is disposed in an
intermediate body member 74 of control valve 50. This element is
located between the end cap 61 and the thickened portion 56 of side
wall 60 and the termination of apertured plate 46. The coaxial
bores 68 and 72 mount within their confines a piston 76 that is
capable of movement rectilinearly so as to move reciprocating slide
member 52.
The piston 76 is urged in one direction of its movement by a
flexible diaphragm or flexible bellows 78 made of a flexible
plastic material. The flexible diaphragm 78 is positioned between
capped portion 70 and intermediate body member 74 of control valve
50 to provide a gas tight seal therebetween and so that
pressurization of it will tend to move it deformingly and, due to
its abutment against the piston 76, move the piston 76 therewith.
The piston 76 includes a cylindrical tab portion 80 which is
insertingly held in a bore 82 extending through the end of the
slider member 52 to aid in the conjoint movement of these
members.
Slider member 52 also includes a larger bore 83 which extends
axially for substantially the full length of the slidable member 52
from the end opposite to the end having bore 82 to form a
substantially hollow cylindrical shape for the reception of an
expansion spring means 84. Expansion spring 84 is in the form of a
circular coiled compression spring and provides a resilient bias to
the slide member 52 urging it into a position where it covers the
ports 42 and 44 thereby placing the cylinder 10 in a full capacity
supplying condition, with the bore 83 providing a guiding means for
the spring 84 during its expansive and contractive movements. A
cylindrical boss 86 is made integral with the end wall 60 so as to
extend in axial alignment with the axis of the compression spring
84. Cylindrical boss 86 is of such a diameter that it fits within
the coils of an expansion spring and thereby provides an additional
alignment and guiding means for the spring 8 in its expanding and
contracting movements.
The control valve 50 is completed by the use of a vent 88 connected
to a stand pipe disposed to prevent oil from entering the control
valve 50. The vent 88 is in communication with the suction side of
the system in the hermetically sealed can enclosing the
compressor.
Extending through the capped portion 70 of control valve 50 is a
bore 90, this bore being of smaller diameter than the bore 68 but
being in communication therewith so as to permit a pressure flow to
the flexible diaphragm 78. A conduit 92 is connected with the bore
90 so as to be in fluid tight seal with it to convey a supplied
control pressure to the control valve 50. The conduit 92 extends to
a closed reservoir 94 which may contain either oil or a refrigerant
so that the reservoir 94, the conduit 92 and a portion of the bore
68 form a closed system in order that an increase in pressure of
the oil or refrigerant contained in reservoir 94 will be
transmitted to the rolling diaphragm 78 to thereby impart
rectilinear motion to the piston 76. To increase the pressure in
reservoir 94 and send a pressure signal to the rolling diaphragm
78, a heating element 96 is extended in a coiled relationship
around the outer periphery of the reservoir 94. Thus, the heat
imparted through this heating coil to the reservoir 94 will cause a
consequent pressure rise in the reservoir 94 and an increased
pressure on the movable diaphragm 78. If the rolling diaphragm 78
is to be constructed of a somewhat pervious material (for economy)
there is a possibility that the closed system formed by the
reservoir 94, conduit 92 and bore 68 may have leakage inwardly or
outwardly. To eliminate this possibility a sufficient quantity of
mercury 95 or the like is placed in the end of the conduit 92 at
the valve body, and within the bore 68 against the rolling
diaphragm 78, so that the mercury will occupy the bore 68
regardless of the valve position and thus provide a barrier to the
passage of fluids or gasses inwardly or outwardly through the
rolling diaphragm 78. Alternatively, a relatively more expensive
metallic, non-permeable diaphragm may be utilized and, in this
case, no mercury is required.
In order to move the control valve 50 so as to proportion the
capacity of the compressor directly to the refrigeration load, a
control means is provided for the application of electrical energy
to heating element 96. A control circuit 98 forms this means and
provides a flow of electric current to the heating coil 96 by the
use of a pair of on-off contacts 100 and 102 which form a switch
104. Contact 100 is electrically connected to a lead 106 which
extends to and is connected to one end of the heating coil 96, with
this contact mounted generally so as to be non-movable and rigid
with the remainder of the system. The contact 102 is, in turn,
connected to a load 108 that extends to a source of current such as
the 110 volts provided for the space being cooled. Another lead 110
extends from this electrical supply and is connected to the
opposite end of the heating coil 96. Movable contact 102 is mounted
on a thermostat 112 within the cooled space so as to be movable
with the coiled temperature sensing element 114 of the said
thermostat. Thus, the contact 102 moves as the temperature in the
area being cooled changes and, as the set temperature for the space
is attained, contact 102 electrically contacts contact 100
providing a closed circuit for the flow of electricity into the
heating coil 96.
The operation of the first embodiment of the invention will now be
detailed. At full capacity of the compressor 8, the cylinder 10 has
its entire volume swept by the piston 12, with the control valve 50
in a position so as to close off the ports 36 and 38. Thus, the
compressor acts at its full capacity and, until a signal is
received relative to the reaching of the previously selected
temperature of the space being cooled, the compressor will continue
to provide full capacity to the refrigeration system. When the
temperature of the space being cooled reaches that set by the
thermostat 112, the contacts 102 and 100 move into electrical
connection providing heating to the reservoir 94 and imposing a
pressure on rolling diaphragm 78. This pressure moves rolling
diaphragm 78 against piston 76 urging this piston towards opening
of the ports 42 and 44.
Since the heating coil does not provide an instantaneous buildup of
heat in the reservoir 94, the initial pressure imposed on the
piston 76 only compresses the spring 84 a slight amount and thereby
only moves the sliding member 52 a slight amount to partially
uncover the first row of ports 42. Only a small volume of gas under
compression is thereby permitted to escape to the suction side of
the system through ports 64 and 66 to the suction manifold 18 or
through vent 88. Since the skirt of the compressor piston 12 in its
compression stroke will cover the ports 36, the remaining volume of
refrigerant gas contained in cylinder 10 is compressed and
discharged through the discharge valve 26 to the discharge manifold
20. Thus, only a slight change in the capacity of the compressor
has been arrived at which will accommodate slight changes in the
refrigeration load in the space being cooled. In the event that
this space temperature remains at that which the contacts 100 and
102 are in electrical conducting condition then the heating coil 96
will continue to heat the reservoir 94. This provides additional
pressure and urges piston 76 and slidable member 52 in a further
capacity reducing direction thereby opening port 42 further. As
long as the contacts 100 and 102 stay closed, the heating element
96 will continue to heat the fluid contained in the reservoir 94
urging the slidable member 52 further towards a capacity reducing
position until both the ports 42 and 44 are fully uncovered.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, these ports are located at
such a position that a maximum reduction to 50 percent of capacity
of the compressor in nearly infinite steps may be achieved. It
should be obvious, however, that additional capacity reduction
could be arrived at by providing additional ports or by locating
the ports 42 and 44 at a position which is closer to top
dead-center of the piston 12.
It should be clear from the arrangement just described that
capacity reduction of the compressor is directly responsive to the
temperature reduction of the room being cooled and that this occurs
in a modulating fashion rather than in on-off fashion. The volume
of the refrigerant gasses actually compressed corresponds to the
demand for cooling and results in lowered power requirements for
the total system and reduced system cycling. Probably most
important however is that modulating the capacity, as distinguished
from on-off cycling, results in better humidity control of the room
being conditioned.
The second embodiment of the invention can be seen in FIG. 3. In
this embodiment as well as the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, similar
reference numerals are utilized to indicate similar elements to
those in the first embodiment. This embodiment is substantially
similar in all respects to the first embodiment save for the method
and means for providing a control pressure to the sliding member
52. More specifically, a conduit 92' extends from the bore 90 of
control valve 50 to a solenoid valve 116 which functions as a
three-way valve. Solenoid valve 116 includes an axially extending
bore 118 that extends substantially for the full length of the
solenoid valve. A series of radially spaced ribs or the like (not
shown) may be utilized within the bore 118 to provide guidance for
a solenoid actuated plunger member 120. This member is disposed so
as to move longitudinally within the bore 118 to alternatively open
or close ports 122 and 124 located within the bore 118, with a pair
of valve portions 126 and 128 formed on the plunger member 120 and
shaped generally conically and being adapted to close the ports 122
or 124, respectively.
The conduit 92' communicates with the bore 118 intermediate the
ports 122 and 124 so as to be able to be supplied by pressure from
either a conduit 130 or a conduit 132, with the conduit 130
connected to the higher, discharge side of the compressor 8 and the
conduit 132 connected to the lower or suction side of the
compressor 8 whereby the conduit 92', dependent upon the position
of the plunger member 120, obtains a flow of high pressure
refrigerant from the conduit 130 or a flow of low pressure
refrigerant from the conduit 132. A biasing means 134 in the form
of a coil compression spring is disposed within the bore 118 so as
to locate the plunger member 120 in a position sealing against the
port 122. Actuation of an electrically energized coil 136 of the
solenoid valve 116 moves the plunger member 120 to a position where
the port 122 is opened and the port 124 is closed so that the
conduit 92' may have imposed thereon the high or discharge pressure
of the compressor.
Actuation of the solenoid valve 116 is accomplished in a manner
similar to actuation of the heating coils 96, the thermostat
control switch 106 providing a flow of current through leads 106'
and 110' to actuate the solenoid valve 116 into providing
compressor discharge pressure (control pressure) into conduit
92'.
Operation of the second embodiment of the invention is
substantially similar to the first embodiment. Control pressure is
either provided by the conduit 130 (high) or conduit 132 (low).
This pressure flows into conduit 92' through the solenoid valve 116
to the flexible diaphragm 78 which is actuated to move slidable
member 52 in a capacity reducing direction of the compressor. Thus,
the control pressure is either on or off so that the slidable
member 52 moves from full capacity to one half capacity, the
control means thereby providing load proportioning of full or one
half load.
The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 also uses, as the actuating
control pressure for the slidable member 52, the compressor
discharge or condenser pressure of the refrigeration system. In
this embodiment of the invention, however, only a two-way solenoid
valve 116' is required to permit the flow of the discharge pressure
into a conduit 92". A solenoid actuated plunger member 120' is
again disposed in a bore 118 formed in the solenoid valve 116. This
member includes a valve portion 126' formed with a general conical
shape which opens or closes a port 122' which is in confluent
relationship with the conduit 92" leading to the valve control body
50'. Control pressure is provided through the conduit 130 from the
discharge pressure of the compressor, this pressure being present
in the bore 118 of solenoid valve 116'. Upon actuation of the
solenoid plunger 120', the solenoid actuated plunger member 120'
moves away from the port 122' so that the conical portion 126' of
the plunger permits the flow of discharge pressure into conduit
92". This imposes the conduit discharge pressure on the control
valve 50' by this pressure being present in both bores 68' and
72'.
In this embodiment of the invention no flexible diaphragm 78 is
present in the control valve 50' so that the discharge pressure of
the compressor is imposed directly on the piston 76'. In view of
the omission of the rolling bellows in this embodiment of the
invention, a certain amount of the discharge pressure from the
compressor may pass by the piston 76' so that bleeding of the
discharge pressure into the suction side of the system may be
obtained. By this means, as the solenoid valve 120' moves to its
discharge pressure supplying position and then to its closed
position, such discharge pressure is slowly bled through the bores
68' and 72' to relieve pressure from the piston 76' to provide
substantially the same operation for this embodiment of the
invention as described for the second embodiment.
In FIG. 5 there is illustrated an arrangement in which the variable
capacity compressor is incorporated in a room air conditioner 138,
and a control system with additional detail, in part, is shown
schematically and in separated relation from the room air
conditioner. Parts which are common to the parts shown in FIG. 1
are given identical numerals.
The air conditioner 138 is in large part conventional and includes
a compressor and variable capacity valving arrangement of the type
shown in FIG. 1 provided in a hermetically sealed shell 140. The
room air conditioner also includes a condenser 142, evaporator 144,
room air fan 146 and the usual connecting refrigerant lines which
are not enumerated but which have directional arrows showing the
flow of refrigerant. The generator 94 contains a two-phase charging
fluid selected to correspond with the operating temperature limits
of the control system. The resistance heater 96 is wrapped about
the generator and the whole is encased within an insulating jacket
148. Both the first thermostat 112, and a second thermostat 150 may
be of the same general character as illustrated in FIG. 1, that is
of a bimetal type, but with a temperature control knob 152 being
provided to permit the simultaneous adjustment of the two
thermostats 112 and 150 upwardly or downwardly while maintaining a
relatively constant temperature differential between the two
thermostats as set. A third thermostat 154 may be provided in heat
exchange relation with the generator 94 and serves essentially as
an overheat safety device which breaks the circuit to the
resistance heater 96 if a condition pervails in which the high
pressure corresponding to a high temperature in the generator would
possibly rupture the piston diaphragms or break down the charging
fluid. A main on-off switch 156 is also shown.
The room air conditioner as illustrated in FIG. 5 is also provided
with means for controlling the rate of air flow through the
evaporator in accordance with compressor capacity. This is
accomplished by providing a branch control line 158 connected to a
control cylinder 160 which converts changes in the control pressure
from the generator to mechanical force through linkage 162 to
control the position of an air flow damper 164 illustrated as being
in the return air inlet of the room air side of the air
conditioner. The control cylinder 160 operates in the same general
fashion as the control cylinder for the valve member varying the
capacity of the compressor operates.
The manner in which the system operates is as follows. The control
knob 152 is turned to adjust the thermostats 112 and 150 to set a
desired room temperature, for example, the setting may be
75.degree. for the thermostat 112 and, assuming a 6.degree.
differential between the thermostats 112 and 150, the thermostat
150 will accordingly be set at 69.degree.. With a room temperature
in excess of the 75.degree., the compressor will operate at full
capacity. As the temperature in the room is reduced, assuming a
cooling load that the compressor at full capacity is more than
capable of handling, the temperature of the room will drop. When it
reaches 75.degree., the thermostat 112 closes and energizes the
resistance heater 96. The temperature of the charging fluid will
rise very slowly as a function of the heat applied and the heat
loss through the insulation. This temperature increase will
evaporate more charging fluid and increase the pressure in the
control tubing 92 and 158. This increased pressure acts on the
pistons in the two control cylinders causing them to push against
the biasing springs and move to an equilibrium position. If this
pressure is sufficient to cause some venting from the compressor
cylinder, a reduced capacity of the compressor results. At the same
time, the damper 164 is moved toward a slightly closed position to
reduce the air flow through the evaporator. If the room temperature
remains below the 75.degree. setting, a continued increase of
control pressure will cause a further reduction in compressor
capacity and a further decreased air flow from the blower. If with
this situation prevailing the temperature of the room being air
conditioned rises above the 75.degree. setting of the thermostat
112, the heater 96 will be deenergized by opening of the
thermostatically controlled contacts in thermostat 112. Then the
temperature of the charging fluid in the generator 94 will slowly
decrease as a function of the ambient temperature and the heat loss
through the insulation 148 of the generator jacket. As a result,
the control actuators will move toward the full capacity of the
compressor, and full air flow through the evaporator.
If the temperature in the room is below 75.degree., and the
compressor is operating at fully reduced capacity and with the air
flow through the evaporator at its reduced value, and the
temperature in the room continues to decrease to 69.degree. because
of the relatively small cooling load in the room, the thermostatic
switching contacts in thermostat 150 will open and stop compressor
operation. It is in this situation of course that the overheat
safety switch 114 may be desirable since the heater 96 remains
energized by the continued closure of the switch contacts in
thermostat 112.
However, assuming that the charging fluid attains an equilibrium
pressure and temperature, when the room temperature increases again
above the setting of the thermostat 150, operation of the air
conditioner will again commence, it being appreciated it will be
with reduced capacity of the compressor and air flow so that in
effect a relatively low level of cooling will be obtained. It is
considered likely to be advantageous in this arrangement that the
control pistons for the compressor and for the air flow remain in
positions giving reduced capacity, particularly in connection with
the compressor since the starting torque required should
accordingly be reduced.
In an alternative arrangement of the thermostatic switches 112 and
150, the switch 112 would be connected to receive power from the
line running from switch 150 to the compressor, rather than
directly from the AC line as shown, so that when switch 150 opens
the power to the heater 96 is also cut off.
The main intent of the reduced air flow through the evaporator with
the reduced capacity of the compressor is to obtain the best
dehumidification possible under the circumstances. With the reduced
air flow, there is greater liklihood that a part of the cooling
capacity will be available for the removal of latent heat, and not
wholly expended on removal of sensible heat of the air passing
through the evaporator.
It is noted that the temperature examples given are examples only
and that the temperature differential noted may be selected
according to the particular system.
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