U.S. patent number 3,759,009 [Application Number 05/110,409] was granted by the patent office on 1973-09-18 for composite load bearing panels.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Gordon T. Kinder. Invention is credited to Frank F. Ransome.
United States Patent |
3,759,009 |
Ransome |
September 18, 1973 |
COMPOSITE LOAD BEARING PANELS
Abstract
Composite, load bearing panels comprising two thin metal sheets,
preferably mild steel, having a low density cementatious core
material therebetween. Each metal sheet has a plurality of integral
keys pressed angularly outward the refrom to extend into the
cementatious core material. The keys of one sheet, which extend to
a depth greater than 50 per cent of the thickness of the core
material, are alternately spaced in relation to the keys of the
other sheet and act both as a mechanical bond for the sheets and
the core material and as reinforcement to the panel giving it
substantial strength in both tension and compression.
Inventors: |
Ransome; Frank F. (Livingston,
NJ) |
Assignee: |
Kinder; Gordon T. (Martins
Ferry, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
22332856 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/110,409 |
Filed: |
January 28, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/598;
52/599 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04C
2/28 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E04C
2/26 (20060101); E04C 2/28 (20060101); E04b
005/04 (); E04c 002/26 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/596-599,724,725,727,425,612,334,569,430,574,436,588 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
957,742 |
|
May 1964 |
|
GB |
|
1,213,564 |
|
Dec 1959 |
|
FR |
|
Other References
Text: International Congress on Lightweight Concrete, Vol. I, May
1968, pages 78, 194, William Clowes and Sons, Ltd., London
Scientific Library Call No. TP884, L515, 1968..
|
Primary Examiner: Abbott; Frank L.
Assistant Examiner: Ridgill, Jr.; James L.
Claims
I claim:
1. A composite load bearing panel comprising two thin metal faces
having a cementatious core material therebetween, each metal face
having a plurality of integral keys positioned substantially
90.degree. outward therefrom to extend into the core material to a
depth of greater than 50 per cent of the core material thickness,
the keys including a web portion extending from the metal face and
terminating in a flange portion, at least one of the web portion
and flange portion having a plurality of holes extending
therethrough, said keys of one face being alternately spaced in
relation to the keys of the other face and being in overlapping
relationship so as to prevent failure by a straight shear plane,
said keys acting both as a mechanical bond between the faces and
the core material and as reinforcement of the panel giving said
panel substantial strength in both tension and compression.
2. The panel of claim 1 wherein the webs of said keys of each sheet
have sides which angle toward each other away from the metal face
and terminate in the flange to define a substantially T-shaped
key.
3. The panel of claim 1 wherein said keys of each face are
positioned in rows crosswise of said face, the keys of a given row
in each face being staggered in relation to the keys of an adjacent
row, said rows of one face aligning with the rows of the other face
in alternating key relationship.
4. The panel of claim 1 wherein each metal face extends outwardly
at 90.degree. along at least one edge thereof to form panel sides
to encapsulate the cementatious core.
5. The panel of claim 4 wherein at least one side has a free end to
accommodate a free end of an adjacent panel to form a space
therebetween, said space being filled with grout.
6. The panel of claim 1 wherein the metal faces are mild steel
sheets having a thickness between 22 and 30 gauge, inclusive.
7. The panel of claim 6 wherein the cementatious core material has
a density less than 50 lbs./cu.ft. and preferably below 20
lbs./cu.ft.
Description
My invention relates to composite panels and, more particularly, to
load bearing panels having thin metal faces and a cementatious core
material therebetween.
Load bearing panels often require considerations beyond the primary
requisite of sufficient strength to support a given load. These
additional properties can be any or all of fire resistance, sound
absorption, easy fastenability to various support members and the
ability to interlock with adjacent panels to form a complete load
bearing structure. Metal products such as steel plates possess some
of these properties, but others such as sound absorption and
fastenability are lacking. In addition, the weight of the plates
often create handling problems and the cost of such plates may be
prohibitive. On the other hand, various types of cementatious
materials qualify for many of the secondary considerations, but
because of their inherent low tensile strength, they cannot be
satisfactorily used in and of themselves as load bearing panels
subjected to beam type loading.
To overcome these individual problems, I have utilized the
advantageous attributes of both the metals and the cementatious
materials to achieve a composite panel which is structurally sound.
At the same time, the panel is lightweight, highly fire resistant
and can be easily made sound absorbing. Further, the panels may be
easily fastened to various support members and may be interlocked
with each other to form the desired structural member.
My invention is a composite load bearing panel in which light gauge
sheet metal, preferably mild steel, form the panel faces which are
separated by a cementations core material. A plurality of
mechanical keys are pressed at an angle from the face of the sheets
to form a mechanical bond between the core material and the sheets.
The keys extend beyond 50 per cent of the thickness of the core
material and are preferably alternately spaced in rows with respect
to keys of the same face, as well as the opposing face to maximize
the reinforcement of the panel.
In the accompanying drawings, I have shown my presently preferred
embodiments in which:
FIG. 1 is an isometric of my composite panel;
FIG. 2 is a section taken along section lines II--II of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a section taken along section lines III--III of FIG. 1;
and
FIG. 4 shows the interlocking of adjacent panels.
My composite load bearing panel, generally designated 10, includes
a top face 11 and a bottom face 12 made from a metal such as mild
steel and having a cementatious core material 13 therebetween, see
FIG. 1. The sides 19 and 20 of the panel are merely extensions of
the faces 11 and 12 and will be described in detail
hereinafter.
The top and bottom faces 11 and 12, respectively, are mechanically
bonded to the cementatious core material 13 by means of a plurality
of keys 14 which are integral with their respective faces and which
depend outwardly therefrom at an angle into the cementatious core
13. These keys 14 play a vital role in the overall performance of
the load bearing panel 10, for they not only anchor the composite
panel in assembled relationship by mechanical bonding, but they act
as reinforcers for the panel so that the panel has substantial
strength in tension and compression.
The keys 14 are pressed outwardly from the metal sheets to an angle
of preferably 90.degree.. When the keys are at 90.degree. to the
faces of the panel, they prevent lateral movement of the faces in
either direction under load conditions. Where the load condition
will be light or in one direction only, the angularity of the keys
may vary from 90.degree., but, of course, the 90.degree. angularity
provides an added safety factor.
The depth of the keys 14 with regard to the thickness of the
cementatious core 13 is also very critical and should be greater
than 50 per cent of that depth so that the keys 14 of the top and
bottom faces 11 and 12 overlap. Then it is not possible to have a
straight shear plane through the core material since any shear
plane would be continually disrupted by the keys 14 of either or
both the top and bottom sheets 11 and 12, respectively.
In addition, the keys 14 should be staggered to optimize the
reinforcing effects and the mechanical bond strength. I have found
that satisfactory conditions are achieved when the keys 14 of the
top face 11 and bottom face 12 are staggered and alternated in
directions crosswise, as well as lengthwise of the panel 10. For
example, such a crosswise plane is shown in FIG. 2 where the keys
14 of the bottom face 12 alternate with the keys 14 of the top face
11. The same type of alternating relationship between the keys of
the top face 11 and the keys of the bottom face 12 is shown in FIG.
3 for a plane extending lengthwise of the panel 10. This staggering
of the keys 14 is easily achieved by pressing the keys 14 to form
rows. The keys of one row are staggered with respect to keys of
adjacent rows, see FIG. 1. Therefore, keys of every other row are
not traversed by a straight lengthwise plane passing therethrough,
see FIG. 3 where the rows containing untraversed keys are shown
dotted.
As stated earlier, the result of the key overlap is to prevent a
straight shear plane from passing through the panel. In addition,
the plurality of staggered keys balances the applied load since
when any two adjacent tabs are in tension, the adjacent tabs
thereto are in compression.
A very satisfactory key, both for purposes of mechanical bonding
and reinforcing, is one in which the sides 15 and 16 of the key 14
angle toward each other away from the metal face and terminate in a
flange 17 to form a somewhat T-shaped section, see FIG. 2. As
illustrated, the flanges 17 from the keys 14 of opposing faces 11
and 12 are in overlapping relationship. Mechanical bonding is
further increased by punching a plurality of holes 18 in both the
flange 17 and the area between the sides 15 and 16 of the keys 14.
The cementatious core material 13 fills these holes 18 as it is
poured into the space formed by the metal periphery, and after
solidification, the mechanical bonding is substantially
increased.
The voids 25 formed in the faces 11 and 12 by the pressing out of
keys 14 can be used for connecting the panel 10 with joists or
other structural members utilized to support it.
The metal faces of the panel are preferably made out of mild steel
sheets having an ultimate strength in the range of 30,000 psi and
having a thickness between 22 and 30 gauge, inclusive. This
provides adequate strength for the panel and at the same time
permits easy pressing out of the keys and forming for the panel
sides.
The cementatious core material 13 is preferably somewhat cellular.
This reduces the weight of the panel, increases the sound
absorption, maintains fire resistance and at the same time,
minimizes the cost. Although I prefer to keep the density of the
cementatious core below 20 lbs./cu.ft., the density can go as high
as 50 lbs./cu.ft. and still be reasonable in terms of overall panel
weight. While more dense material such as concrete can be employed,
I prefer the lighter cementatious materials, of which there are
many, since all the desirable properties can be achieved by the use
thereof. Generally speaking, the thickness of the composite panel
will vary between one-half and 3 inches, depending upon the span
and the load requirements of the panel.
The panels 10 can be easily interlocked with each other along the
panel sides with the space therebetween filled with a grout of the
core material to present a uniform surface and an equal sound and
fire rating, see FIG. 4. This can be accomplished by double bending
the top metal face to form the side 20 having an upwardly extending
free end 21. An adjacent panel having a side 19 with a downwardly
depending free end 22 is interlocked therewith and the space
therebetween is filled with core material 23.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that within the
framework of the above specification, the key depth and spacing, as
well as the face gauges, core materials and densities may be varied
to accommodate almost any load over any given span condition.
* * * * *