U.S. patent number 3,758,996 [Application Number 05/250,717] was granted by the patent office on 1973-09-18 for multiple glazed unit.
This patent grant is currently assigned to PPG Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to George H. Bowser.
United States Patent |
3,758,996 |
Bowser |
September 18, 1973 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
MULTIPLE GLAZED UNIT
Abstract
A hermetically sealed multiple glazed window unit containing an
air space dehydrator element comprising a desiccant material
dispersed in a matrix of moisture vapor transmittable material.
Inventors: |
Bowser; George H. (New
Kensington, PA) |
Assignee: |
PPG Industries, Inc.
(Pittsburgh, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
22948875 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/250,717 |
Filed: |
May 5, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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42712 |
Jun 2, 1970 |
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749758 |
Aug 2, 1968 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
55/385.1; 428/34;
52/172; 96/153 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E06B
3/677 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E06B
3/677 (20060101); E06B 3/66 (20060101); E06b
007/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/172,398-400,304,616 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Murtagh; John E.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 42,712,
filed June 2, 1970, now abandoned, which latter application is a
continuation-in-part of abandoned application Ser. No. 749,758,
filed Aug. 2, 1968 by George H. Bowser, for Multiple Glazed Unit.
Claims
I claim:
1. A multiple glazed unit comprising:
a pair of rigid sheets arranged in generally parallel relation, and
having opposing surfaces adjacent peripheral marginal edges of each
of said sheets,
a preformed, elastic spacer-dehydrator element disposed between
said opposing surfaces of said rigid sheets adjacent the peripheral
marginal edges thereof, and adapted to conform to the shape of the
space between and defined by said opposing surfaces so as to
maintain said rigid sheets in spaced relation,
said preformed elastic spacer-dehydrator element comprising a
moisture-transmittable organic elastic polymeric matrix having
finely divided particles of a desiccant material dispersed
throughout said matrix, and
a layer of a moisture-resistant material overlying said preformed
elastic spacer-dehydrator element and extending between the
opposing surfaces of said rigid sheets from the peripheral edge of
one sheet to the peripheral edge of the other of said sheets to
provide a moisture-resistant layer overlying, in circumscribing
relation, said spacer-dehydrator element and the space between said
rigid sheets.
2. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 wherein at least one of said
rigid sheets is comprised of glass.
3. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 wherein both of said rigid
sheets are comprised of glass.
4. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 wherein the
spacer-dehydrator element comprises separate spacer and dehydrator
elements, the dehydrator element comprising said desiccant
dispersed in said matrix.
5. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 wherein the matrix is an
elastomer.
6. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 wherein the matrix is an
elastomer and the desiccant is a powder which is dispersed in the
elastomer.
7. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 wherein said moisture vapor
transmittable material has a water vapor transmission of above
about 15 gm./24 hr./1 sq. meter/mil at 100.degree.F., 90% R.H.
8. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 wherein said moisture vapor
transmittable material has a water vapor transmission of above
about 40 gm./24 hr./1 sq. meter/mil at 100.degree.F., 90% R.H.
9. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 wherein said moisture vapor
transmittable material has a water vapor transmission of above
about 50 gm./24 hr./1 sq. meter/mil at 100.degree.F., 90% R.H.
10. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 wherein said moisture vapor
transmittable material comprises a flexible material.
11. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 wherein said desiccant
material comprises an adsorbent material.
12. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 wherein said moisture vapor
transmittable material comprises a block copolymer of
styrene-butadiene rubber.
13. The multiple glazed unit of claim 11 wherein said adsorbent
material comprises a zeolite.
14. The multiple glazed unit of claim 13 wherein said zeolite
comprises a crystalline metal aluminosilicate.
15. The multiple glazed unit of claim 14 wherein said moisture
vapor transmittable material comprises a block copolymer of
styrene-butadiene rubber.
16. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 wherein said
moisture-resistant material is air impermeable.
17. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 which further includes a
moisture-resistant material extending between said opposing
surfaces and said spacer-dehydrator element.
18. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 wherein said
moisture-resistant material extends across the adjacent peripheral
edges of said rigid sheets.
19. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 wherein said
moisture-resistant material is a thermoplastic material.
20. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 wherein said
moisture-resistant material is a curable material.
21. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 which further includes a
metallic member extending in circumscribing relation about the
periphery of said unit.
22. The multiple glazed unit of claim 1 which further includes a
synthetic plastic member extending in circumscribing relation about
the periphery of said unit.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a novel dehydrator element and, more
specifically, to a dehydrator element comprising an admixture of a
desiccant material and a moisture vapor transmittable matrix
material. In particular, the present invention relates to a novel
air space dehydrator element for use in the construction of
hermetically sealed, multiple glazed window units.
Multiple glazed units generally comprise two or more sheets of
glass spaced from one another to provide an insulating air space
between the sheets. This air space is effective for reducing the
passage of heat through the unit due to conduction and convection.
In one typical form of multiple glazed window construction, the
sheets of glass are spaced from each other by a metal marginal edge
spacer element extending around the periphery of the glass sheets.
The glass sheets are generally adhered to the spacer element by a
mastic composition forming a continuous film around the marginal
edges of the sheets, between each sheet and the spacer element, to
provide a primary hermetic seal. The spacer element is generally
tubular in shape and filled with a desiccant. Openings in the
spacer element communicate between the air space of the unit and
the inside tubular portion of the element so that moisture from the
air within the unit will be adsorbed by the desiccant. A resilient,
moisture-resistant strip with a layer of mastic adhered thereto is
preferably placed around the peripheral edges of the glass sheets
and the spacer element to provide a secondary hermetic seal. A
channel member of substantially U-shaped cross-section is also
preferably affixed around the periphery of the unit to protect the
peripheral edges of the glass sheets forming the unit.
One conventional method of assembling multiple glazed units, as
above described, is to apply the layer or bead of mastic that forms
the primary hermetic seal along two opposite sides of the metal
spacer element, which sides are adapted to engage the inner facing
surfaces of the glass sheets about their marginal edges. The spacer
element is then placed between two pre-cut glass sheets, and the
sheets are pressed together to adhere the sheets to the spacer
element and to seal the internal air space between the sheets from
the atmosphere. The final air space between the two glass sheets is
a function of the thickness of the spacer element and the thickness
of the mastic layers between each side of the spacer element and
the adjacent glass sheet.
A layer of mastic or a resilient, moisture-resistant strip with a
layer of mastic adhered thereto is then placed around the
peripheral edges of the glass sheets and the spacer element to form
the secondary hermetic seal. A channel member made of metal, such
as stainless steel, is thereafter affixed around the periphery of
the unit. The angle that the flanges or sides of the channel member
form with the central or web portion of the channel member is
slightly less than 90.degree.. When the channel member is affixed
to the edges of the glass sheets, these sides are held apart to
allow the glass to be inserted therebetween. These sides are then
released and they spring back into contact with the faces of the
glass sheets. The channel member is thus held on under tension. The
foregoing and other similar types of multiple glazed window
construction are fully disclosed in U. S. Pat. Nos. 2,838,810,
2,964,809 and 3,280,523.
A number of vexing manufacturing problems are encountered in
producing multiple glazed units of the general type of construction
hereinabove described. Principal among these problems is the
inherent difficulty of adapting this type of construction to the
production of units having non-linear or curved peripheral edge
portions. In this regard, a multiple glazed unit can generally be
characterized as being either a standard unit, on one hand, or a
"pattern" or non-standard unit on the other. A standard unit, as
the term is used herein, is simply a flat, rectangular, stock-size
unit. Pattern or non-standard units, on the other hand, encompass
all of the possible variations from standard, flat, rectangular
stock-size units, and include, but are not limited to, non-planar
units, non-rectangular units and units provided with one or more
curved peripheral edge portions.
Generally, in the manufacture of both standard and pattern multiple
glazed units of the type described, a plurality of sections of
metallic tubular spacer material are filled with a desiccant and
are adjoined at their ends to conform to the perimetrical shape of
the unit being produced. In producing a standard multiple glazed
unit, four straight sections of tubular spacer material are used
and are adjoined at right angles at their ends to form a
substantially flat, rectangular spacer element of the desired stock
size. In fabricating a pattern multiple glazed unit, on the other
hand, the unit design, and accordingly the spacer element, is not
restricted to stock size or to a substantially flat, rectangular
shape. Thus, sections of tubular spacer material may be joined at
an angle other than 90 degrees and/or one or more tubular spacer
sections may be pattern-bent or otherwise shaped to conform to the
perimetrical contour of pattern-cut and/or pattern-bent glass
sheets forming a part of the pattern unit.
It will be apparent from the foregoing that the construction of
pattern multiple glazed units greatly increases the normal problems
encountered in multiple glazed window construction of the type
described. Special jigs and fixtures are frequently required;
special handling is required; and units having curved peripheral
edge portions require bending the metallic tubular spacer element
to conform to the desired contour of the unit. When a concave or
convex unit is desired, it is essential that the bent spacer
element have a radius of curvature matching that of the glass
sheets to ensure uniform thickness of the unit, a good hermetic
seal, and to preclude the possibility of imparting any undesired
stresses to the glass sheets. Thus, it will be apparent that there
is a need for a marginal edge spacer that can be readily used to
produce standard, flat, rectangular, stock-size multiple glazed
units and that can also be readily bent, shaped, joined or
otherwise conformed to any desired perimetrical contour for pattern
multiple glazed units. The dehydrator element of the present
invention may be used to provide, or serve as part of, just such a
spacer.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present
invention will become more apparent from that which follows when
taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a multiple glazed unit embodying
the principles of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary view, partly in section, along the line
II--II of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view similar to FIG. 2, showing
details of one preferred embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view similar to FIG. 2, showing
details of a second preferred embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view similar to FIG. 2, showing
details of a third preferred embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 6 is a fragmetnary sectional view similar to FIG. 2, showing
details of a fourth preferred embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view similar to FIG. 2, showing
details of a fifth preferred embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary sectional view similar to FIG. 2, showing
details of a sixth preferred embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary sectional view similar to FIG. 2, showing
details of a seventh preferred embodiment of this invention;
FIGS. 10 and 11 are fragmentary sectional views of a preferred
acoustical multiple glazed unit construction of this invention;
FIG. 12 is a fragmentary sectional view of a modified acoustical
unit construction; and
FIG. 13 is a fragmentary sectional view of a further modified
acoustical unit construction.
In the drawings, and with particular reference to FIGS. 1 and 2,
there is shown a typical pattern, multiple glazed unit 10 comprised
of two bent sheets of glass 12 and 14 arranged in parallel
relationship and spaced from one another to provide an insulating
air space between the sheets. The glass sheets 12 and 14 may be
tempered, colored, laminated, or have other special strength or
optical properties. As shown, multiple glazed unit 10 is convex in
shape and has a curved upper edge 16, a curved lower edge 18 and
straight side edges 20 and 22.
As best shown in FIG. 2, the glass sheets 12 and 14 are separated
at their marginal edges by a continuous dehydrator element 24,
which in this case also serves as part of the entire spacer
element. The dehydrator element 24 has an essentially dog-bone
cross-sectional shape and is adhered to the glass sheets 12 and 14
at their interfaces by means of a continuous film or bead of an
adhesive, moisture-resistant, mastic composition 26. In addition, a
bead or layer of moisture-resistant, mastic composition 28 is
adhered or bonded to the peripheral edge of dehydrator element 24,
the peripheral edges 30 of the glass sheets and marginal edge
portions 32 of the outer faces of the glass sheets. Mastic
compositions 26 and 28 extend completely around the perimeter of
the unit and may be composed of the same material or dissimilar
materials. A channel member 34 of essentially U-shaped
cross-section also extends completely around the perimeter of the
unit to protect its edges. Channel member 34 is generally composed
of several sections of channeling that are joined or butted
together at their ends. Where desired, a strip of adhesive tape
(not shown) may be applied in longitudinal, surrounding relation
with the outer surfaces of channel member 34. A preferred
construction and method of attachment for channel member 34, for
use with certain pattern units, are fully disclosed in application
Ser. No. 706,896, filed Feb. 20, 1968, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,540,118
by T. H. Hughes, and assigned to the assignee of the present
invention.
Dehydrator element 24 forms the basis for the present invention.
Dehydrator element 24 is composed of a desiccant material 36
dispersed in a moisture vapor transmittable matrix material 38. In
accordance with this invention, the moisture vapor transmittable
matrix material 38 functions to provide the required communication
between the air space of the unit 10 and the desiccant material 36,
so that moisture from the air within the unit will be adsorbed by
the substantially uniformly dispersed desiccant. In addition to
being a moisture vapor transmittable material, matrix material 38
is preferably also a material that is flexible or readily
conformable at room temperature to any shape or contour that may be
desired.
The preferred type or class of desiccant materials that may be used
in the practice of this invention, and which are now covered by
composition of matter patents, are the synthetically produced
crystalline metal aluminosilicates or crystalline zeolites. A
specific example of a synthetically produced crystalline zeolite
that is particularly satisfactory and which is covered by U. S.
Pat. Nos. 2,882,243 and 2,882,244 is Linde Molecular Sieve 13X, in
powdered form, produced by Union Carbide Corporation. However,
other desiccant or adsorbent materials, preferably in pulverulent
form or which disintegrate into pulverulent form when dispersed in
the matrix, may also be used, such as anhydrous calcium sulfate,
activated alumina, silica gel and the like.
The preferred type or class of matrix materials or moisture vapor
transmittable materials that may be employed in connection with
this invention are the family of thermoplastic elastomers
comprising block copolymers of styrene and butadiene, such as are
now disclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 3,265,765. A specific example of a
particularly suitable thermoplastic block copolymer of styrene and
butadiene is Thermolastic 226 produced by Shell Chemical Company.
However, other thermoplastic moisture vapor transmittable
materials, as well as moisture vapor transmittable thermosetting
materials and vulcanizable materials, may also be used.
In accordance with the present invention, it is only essential that
the particular matrix material being used is capable of
transmitting moisture vapor and is also capable of functioning as a
matrix material for the particular desiccant employed. In order
that adsorption by a desiccant dispersed therein can proceed at a
reasonable rate, the moisture vapor transmittable material selected
should desirably have a substantial water vapor transmission which
for most purposes should be above about 15 gm./24 hr./1 sq.
meter/mil at 100.degree.F., 90% R.H., as determined by the Standard
Methods of Test for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials in Sheet
Form, ASTM Designation E-96-66 Method E. Preferably, however, the
water vapor transmission of the matrix material used should be
above about 40 gm./24 hr./1 sq. meter/mil at 100.degree.F., 90%
R.H. Particularly good results are achieved when the water vapor
transmission of the matrix material selected is above about 50
gm./24 hr./ 1 sq. meter/mil at 100.degree.F., 90% R.H. The water
vapor transmission of Thermolastic 226 is about 55 gm./24 hr./1 sq.
meter/mil at 100.degree.F., 90% R.H.
Examples of materials in addition to Thermolastic 226 having the
foregoing desired characteristics include: polyacrylate elastomers,
conjugated diene polymers and copolymers such as natural rubber,
polybutadiene, polyisoprene, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers,
polybutadiene elastomers, silicone elastomers, urethane elastomers,
as well as epoxy resins, polyester resins, polyamide resins,
phenolic resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, cellulose acetate
resins, polycarbonate resins, polystyrene resins, polyvinyl alcohol
resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylenevinyl
acetate copolymers and the like or other materials, particularly
resinous materials which provide a continuous phase, preferably
flexible in character, in which the desiccant may be dispersed and
which are themselves water permeable to an appreciable degree. The
matrix may be vulcanizable or unvulcanizable, and if vulcanizable
may be used and stored for use in the vulcanized or unvulcanized
state. Vulcanizing or curing agents may be introduced if desired,
but preferably they are omitted.
EXAMPLE I
In accordance with the present invention, a dehydrator element 24
was prepared in the following manner and having the following
composition:
INGREDIENT Parts by weight Thermolastic 226 100 Linde Molecular
Sieve 13.times. 50 Carbon black (Statex G) 5
pellets of the Thermolastic 226 were added to a two-roll mill
heated to a temperature of about 250.degree.F. The pellets were
allowed to soak approximately 5 minutes before the mill was turned
on. The pellets were then thoroughly milled until a uniform sheet
of the material was formed. Powdered Linde Molecular Sieve 13X was
added slowly to the sheet of Thermolastic 226 and, after the
addition of all of the molecular sieve material, the resultant
sheet was stripped and returned to the mill at least 5 times. This
process of addition of material, stripping and returning to the
mill was then repeated with the addition of the carbon black.
Carbon black is used merely as an opacifying agent and its use is
not essential to this invention. The completed composition was
removed from the mill and cut into 1/2-inch strips which were
stored in a sealed container in preparation for subsequent
extrusion to the desired shape.
A die was selected to provide the desired shape for the dehydrator
element. This die was placed in a Killion 100 extruder. The barrel
of the extruder was heated to approximately 250.degree.F. and the
die was heated to approximately 240.degree. to 260.degree.F. The
extruder screw speed setting was approximately 2.5. The previously
prepared 1/2-inch strips of material having the desired composition
for the dehydrator element were then added to the feed hopper and
extruded to the desired shape.
The following are typical properties of Thermolastic 226 and Linde
Molecular Sieve 13X:
thermolastic 226
low temperature flexibility .degree.F. to Young's modulus of 10,000
psi. -55 Tensile strength.sup.a at break, psi. 650 Modulus.sup.a at
300% extension, psi. 275 Elongation.sup.a at break, % 740 Set.sup.a
at break, % 15 Elongation/set 50 Hardness, Shore A 45 Yerzley
resilience,.sup.b % 78 Falling ball rebound, % 65 Specific
gravity.sup.c 1.00 Melt index.sup.d g/10 min. G 90 E 20 .sup.a "D"
die specimen extended at 200%/min., 23.degree.C. .sup.b At 20%
deflection, 23.degree.C. .sup.c Measured using air pycnometer,
23.degree.C. .sup.d ASTM D-1238
LINDE MOLECULAR SIEVE 13.times.
Heat of Equili- Nominal Bulk Adsorp- brium Pore density tion
H.sub.2 O Mole- diameter (lb./ (max.) capacity cules (A.) Form
cu.ft.) (btu/lb. (% Wt.)* adsorbed H.sub.2 O) 10 Powder 30 1800 36
Molecules with an effective diameter <10 angstroms * Lbs.
H.sub.2 O/100 lbs. activated adsorbent at 17.5 mm Hg.
25.degree.C.
moisture adsorption tests run on the powdered Linde Molecular Sieve
13X, as received, and the dehydrator element of Example I showed
that, at 140.degree.F. and 96 percent relative humidity, the
desiccant in both samples adsorbed approximately the same per cent
moisture, i.e., 27.2 percent by weight based on the weight of
desiccant.
TABLE 1
WATER ADSORPTION TEST
Percent Increase in Moisture Dehydrator 19 hours 142 hours 15 days
Powdered Linde Molecular Sieve 13.times. (as received) 27.02 27.24
27.26 Composition of Example I 13.81 23.28 27.18
as will be noted, the dehydrator element required approximately 15
days to saturate the desiccant while the powdered material, as
received, became essentially saturated within 24 hours. From the
foregoing, it has been calculated that no more than 0.3 percent by
weight of Linde Molecular Sieve 13X, based on the weight of the
ingredients of Example I, is required to obtain a dew point of
0.degree.F. in a multiple glazed unit fabricated at 70.degree.F.,
90% R.H. and measuring 14 inches by 20 inches with the glass sheets
spaced 1/4-inch apart by a 1/4-inch x 5/16-inch dehydrator of
Example I extending completely around the periphery of the unit.
Furthermore, by increasing the parts by weight of powdered Linde
Molecular Sieve 13X added to the Thermolastic 226 ingredient of
Example I, it has been determined that at least as much as 60
percent by weight of desiccant based on the total weight of the
ingredients can be dispersed in Thermolastic 226.
Adhesive, moisture-resistant, e.g., air impermeable, mastic
compositions 26,28 that have been successfully used in the practice
of this invention include pre-cured materials, such as disclosed in
U. S. Pat. No. 2,974,377, thermoplastic materials, such as
disclosed in Handbook of Adhesives, Chapter 36, entitled "Hot-Melt
Adhesives," Reinhold Publishing Corp., 1962, and room temperature
curable materials, such as disclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 3,076,777.
Room temperature curable materials that cold flow to form a seal
and cure to form a resilient structural bond are particularly
desirable for use with this invention.
Shown in FIGS. 3 through 13 are a number of specific, alternative
embodiments of the present invention. The construction of FIG. 3
differs, for example, from the construction of FIG. 2 in that, in
lieu of providing a bead or layer of mastic 28 around the periphery
and marginal edge portions of the unit as described in connection
with FIG. 2, a resilient, moisture-resistant, plastic strip 40 with
a layer of mastic 28 adhered thereto is placed around the
peripheral edges of the glass sheets 12 and 14 and the dehydrator
element 24. A channel member 34 is thereafter affixed around the
periphery of the unit.
In the construction of FIG. 4, like that of FIGS. 2 and 3,
dehydrator element 24 is adhered by mastic 26 to the marginal edges
of the glass sheets 12 and 14. A strip of aluminum foil 42 with a
layer of mastic 28 adhered thereto is placed around the peripheral
edges of the glass sheets 12 and 14 and the dehydrator element 24,
as well as around marginal edge portions 32 of the outer facing
surfaces of the glass sheets.
In the construction of FIG. 5, in lieu of using aluminum foil, such
as shown in FIG. 4, a pressure-sensitive strip 44 with a layer of
mastic 28 adhered thereto is placed around the peripheral edges of
the glass sheets 12 and 14 and the dehydrator element 24. As shown,
mastic 28 terminates at the outer facing surface of each of the
glass sheets and the pressure-sensitive strip 44, which is wider
than the thickness of the finished unit 10, is turned down and
adhered to marginal edge portions 32 of these outer facing glass
sheet surfaces.
Shown in FIG. 6 is another alternative embodiment of this invention
wherein a strip of aluminum foil 42 is provided with a layer of
mastic 28 and a rectangular dehydrator element 24 is either
extruded directly onto or, after formation, is placed onto the
mastic material 28. The dehydrator element readily adheres to the
mastic 28. The sides of dehydrator element 24 are primed with a
thin coating of a rubber-base adhesive 46 and dehydrator element 24
is then placed between opposed marginal edges of a pair of glass
sheets 12 and 14. The lateral edges of the foil strip are adhered
by the mastic layer 28 around marginal edge portions 32 of the
outer facing surfaces of the glass sheets.
In FIG. 7 there is shown a further alternative embodiment of this
invention. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, a mastic, spacer-sealant
element 48, of the same or similar composition as mastic 26 or
mastic 28 of previous embodiments, is disposed between opposed
marginal edges of the inner facing surfaces of the glass sheets 12
and 14 and carries an insert of dehydrator material 24. This insert
24 is in communication with the air space between the glass sheets.
A strip of metal foil or plastic sheeting 50 having a
pressure-sensitive coating is disposed around the peripheral edges
of the glass sheets and the mastic, spacer-sealant element 48.
The embodiment of FIG. 8 is similar to that of FIG. 7 except that
in this embodiment a triangular insert of dehydrator material 24
rather than a rectangular insert is used. Also, spacer-sealant
element 48 is T-shaped and the arms of the tee extend across the
peripheral edges of the glass sheets in the manner of mastic 28 of
previous embodiments. Furthermore, in this embodiment the strip of
metal foil or plastic sheeting 50 is not provided with a
pressure-sensitive coating, since either the metal foil or the
plastic sheeting will readily adhere to the mastic material of
which spacer-sealant element 48 is composed.
Shown in FIG. 9 is a still further embodiment of this invention. In
this embodiment, the dehydrator element 24 is essentially T-shaped
in cross-section. As Shown, dehydrator element 24 has a retangular
leg portion 52 which is disposed between opposed marginal edges of
a pair of glass sheets 12 and 14 to space the sheets apart. The
sides of dehydrator element 24 are primed with a thin coating of a
rubber-base adhesive 46. Each arm 54 of this member is disposed in
contact with and extends for a short distance across an adjacent
peripheral edge portion of one of the glass sheets. As will be
apparent, arms 54 provide reference ledges for properly locating
element 24 with respect to the glass sheets. Also, arms 54 resist
or preclude the possibility of inserting or forcing any portion of
element 24 inwardly of the peripheral edge of the unit 10 further
than iS desired. As in FIG. 2, a layer or bead of
moisture-resistant mastic 28 and a channel member 34 each extend
around the perimeter of the unit to complete its structure.
Illustrated in FIGS. 10 to 13 are acoustical multiple glazed unit
constructionS that advantageously employ the dehydrator element 24
of this invention in their structures. Shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 is
a preferred acoustical multiple glazed unit construction in which
glass sheets 12 and 14 are Of unequal thickness to achieve a
mismatch of their resonent frequencies, hence better reduction of
sound transmission through the unit. Also, glass sheets 12 and 14
are spaced apart to provide an air space therebetween of about 1
inch or greater, preferably from about 2 to about 4 inches, to
enhance sound transmission loss through the unit. The marginal edge
portions of the glass sheets are rigidly supported at the desired
spaced apart distance by a perimeter spacer channel 56 adhered by a
layer or bead of moisture-resistant mastic 26 to the air space
marginal edge portions of both glass sheets.
Spacer channel 56 is preferably composed of aluminum or galvanized
steel and, in the embodiment shown, has an essentially U-shaped
cross-section. As shown, the web 58 of spacer channel 56 is
disposed adjacent the perimeter of the unit and the flanges or legs
60 of the U-channel extend inwardly of the unit therefrom. Flanges
60 are preferably L-shaped and their free ends are disposed in
opposed, spaced relation to each other. Inserted within spacer
channel 56 and extending therewith completely around the unit is
dehydrator element 24 of the composition of Example I. Dehydrator
element 24 may have a rectangular corss-section corresponding to
the rectangular space embraced by spacer channel 56 or, as shown,
may have a suitably modified cross-section to permit bending
element 24 to facilitate its insertion into spacer channel 56. A
layer of bead of moisture-resistant mastic 28 and a channel member
34 each extend around the perimeter of the unit, in the manner
described above in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2, to complete its
structure.
Shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 are modified acoustical unit
constructions. In the embodiment of FIG. 12, the edge channeling 34
of the FIGS. 10 and 11 construction is eliminated and a
pressure-sensitive plastic strip or metal foil 44 is used to
enclose the peripheral edges of the unit as described above in
connection with FIG. 5. In the embodiment of FIG. 13, the
construction shown in FIG. 12 is further modified by eliminating
spacer channel 56 and adhering dehydrator element 24 directly to
the marginal edge portions of the air space surfaces of the glass
sheets 12 and 14 with mastic 26. The acoustical performance of
units constructed in accordance with FIGS. 10 to 13 is recorded
hereinafter.
In accordance with this invention, rectangular test specimens were
constructed measuring 14 inches by 20 inches and comprised of two
sheets of 1/8-inch glass separated by an air space of 1/4-inch .+-.
3/32 inch. Each specimen had an initial dew point of -60.degree.F.
or lower. The following tests were conducted with the results being
indicated in each case.
HIGH HUMIDITY TEST
Test specimens were exposed for a continuous 60-day period to
ambient atmospheric conditions maintained at 110.degree.F. and 90
percent relative humidity. A specimen was considered to pass this
test if, at the end of the 60-day exposure period, the dew point of
the specimen was -60.degree.F. or lower.
Unit Unit Dew Point, .degree.F. Design No. Initial 30 days 60 days
Remarks FIG. 6 1 -60 -60 -60 Passed Test FIG. 6 2 -60 -60 -60
Passed Test FIG. 6 3 -60 -60 -60 Passed Test FIG. 6 4 -60 -60 -54
Acceptable
TEMPERATURE CYCLING AND HIGH HUMIDITY TEST
Test specimens were exposed to an ambient atmosphere maintained at
90 percent relative humidity and were gradually heated to
120.degree.F. .+-. 5, during a 3-hour period, followed immediately
by gradual cooling to 20.degree.F. .+-. 5, during a 3-hour period.
A specimen was considered to pass the test if, after at least 300
cycles, the dew point of the specimen was -60.degree.F. or lower.
##SPC1##
ULTRAVIOLET EXPOSURE AND CYCLING
Test specimens were exposed for a continuous period of 500 hours to
ultraviolet radiation. Glass temperature, as measured at corner
surface areas of the specimens, was controlled so as to not to
exceed 120.degree.F. A specimen was considered to pass the
ultraviolet exposure phase of this test if, after 500 hours, the
dew point of the specimen was -60.degree.F. or lower.
Immediately upon completion of the ultraviolet exposure phase of
this test, the specimens were exposed to the above-described
Temperature Cycling and High Humidity Test for a period of 60
continuous cycles. A specimen was considered to pass the complete
test if, after 60 cycles of the Temperature Cycling and High
Humidity Test, the dew point of the specimen was -60.degree.F. or
lower. ##SPC2##
ACOUSTICAL TESTING
Rectangular units measuring 35-3/4 .times. 83-3/4 inches were
constructed in the manner shown in FIGS. 10 to 13 and tested to
determine their Sound Transmission Class (STC) in accordance with
ASTM Designation E90-66T and RM 14-2 testing procedure. The results
of these tests are recorded below:
Unit Geometry Unit Construction STC* 1/4" glass -- 2" air space --
1/4" glass FIGS. 10 and 11 38 1/4' glass - 2" air space -- 3/8'
glass FIGS. 10 and 11 39 1/4" glass -- 2" air space -- 1/4" glass
FIG. 12 40 1/4" glass - 2" air space -- 3/16" glass FIG. 12 44 1/4"
glass -- 2" air space -- 1/4" glass FIG. 13 40 1/4" glass -- 1" air
space-- 3/16" glass FIG. 13 38 * Sound Transmission Class
The composition of the dehydrator element, employed as a marginal
edge spacer component in the foregoing tests, was that of Example
I. As mentioned previously, this composition produces a dehydrator
element having elastomeric properties. The use of an elastomeric or
flexible dehydrator element is considered to be particularly
desirable in the furtherance of this invention because it can be
readily used to produce a marginal edge spacer for standard
multiple glazed units and can also be readily bent, shaped,
notched, joined or otherwise conformed to any desired perimetrical
contour for use in the construction of pattern and acoustical
multiple glazed units. As the test results indicate, multiple
glazed units constructed in accordance with this invention perform
extremely well under even the most severe conditions of test.
Desiccant used according to this invention include those stable
materials commonly used for this purpose and should generally be
construed to include materials capable of picking up from the
atmosphere in excess of 5 to 10 percent of its weight, preferably
in excess of 10 percent of its weight, in moisture (water).
Although the present invention has been described with particular
reference to the specific details of certain embodiments thereof,
it is not intended that such details shall be regarded as
limitations upon the scope of the invention except insofar as
included in the accompanying claims.
* * * * *