U.S. patent number 3,757,086 [Application Number 05/295,228] was granted by the patent office on 1973-09-04 for electrical heating cable.
Invention is credited to William J. Indoe.
United States Patent |
3,757,086 |
Indoe |
September 4, 1973 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
ELECTRICAL HEATING CABLE
Abstract
An electrical heating cable having at least two low-resistance
current-carrying wires and a high-resistance, heating wire spirally
wound about the current-carrying wires; in one embodiment, the
current-carrying wires are bared at spaced intervals so that the
high-resistance wire makes electrical contact at the bared points
with one of the current-carrying wires at each interval. In another
embodiment, a plurality of copper foil wraps surrounds both
insulated, current-carrying wires at spaced intervals and the
high-resistance, heating wire is spirally wound over the
current-carrying wires and the copper foil wraps. A staple is
driven through the insulation and one of the current-carrying wires
at each interval so that electrical connection is made between the
current-carrying wire and the heating wire at that interval. The
construction permits the user to cut the cable to any length and
still maintain the same current flow in any given length for the
same applied voltage.
Inventors: |
Indoe; William J. (Allendale,
NJ) |
Family
ID: |
23136788 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/295,228 |
Filed: |
October 5, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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199472 |
Nov 17, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
219/528; 219/544;
219/549; 338/214; 219/541; 219/552; 439/426 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H05B
3/56 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H05B
3/56 (20060101); H05B 3/54 (20060101); H05b
003/56 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/464,528,529,541,544,549,552,553 ;338/214 ;339/97C |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Mayewsky; Volodymyr Y.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending
application Ser. No. 199,472, filed Nov. 17, 1971, now abandoned.
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or
privilege is claimed are defined as follows.
1. An electrical heating cable which maintains the same current
flow for any given applied voltage in each section of predetermined
length regardless of the total length of the cable comprising:
first and second electrically conductive, low-resistance wires in
proximity with each other;
an electrical insulator surrounding each low-resistance wire and
electrically insulating the low-resistance wires from one
another;
a plurality of first strips of conductive metallic foil wound
around the electrical insulator and the low-resistance wires
therein and spaced therealong;
a plurality of second strips of conductive metallic foil wound
around the electrical insulator and the low-resistance wires
therein and spaced therealong;
said first and second strips of conductive metallic foil being
spaced from one another and being located alternately along the
length of the low-resistance wires such that each first strip has a
corresponding next-consecutive second strip adjacent thereto;
a high resistance wire wound spirally over the insulator and the
first and second strips of foil along the length of the
low-resistance wires so that electrical contact is made between the
foil strips and the high-resistance wire;
a plurality of first staples, each first staple overlying a
corresponding first foil strip and extending through the insulator
to make electrical contact between said first foil strip and the
first low-resistance wire;
a plurality of second staples, each second staple overlying a
corresponding second foil strip and extending through the insulator
to make electrical contact between said second foil strip and the
second low-resistance wire, whereby current will flow in the
high-resistance wire to produce heat therefrom when an electric
voltage is applied across the low-resistance wires; and
an outer insulating covering surrounding the combination of the
spirally wound, high-resistance wire and the low-resistance
wires.
2. The invention of claim 1 including an outer, electrically
conductive shield surrounding the outer insulated covering.
3. The invention of claim 8 including:
a third electrically conductive, low-resistance wire in proximity
with said first and second low-resistance wires and surrounded by
said insulator;
a plurality of third strips of conductive metallic foil wound
around the insulator and the low-resistance wires therein and
spaced therealong, the high-resistance wire being wound over the
third strips of foil;
said first, second and third strips of conductive metallic foil
being spaced from one another and being located along the length of
the low-resistance wires such that consecutive first and second
adjacent strips have a corresponding next-consecutive third strip
adjacent thereto; and
a third staple overlying a third foil strip and extending through
the insulator to make electrical contact between said third foil
strip and the third low-resistance wire.
4. The invention of claim 3 including an outer, electrically
conductive shield surrounding the outer insulated covering.
Description
The invention relates to electrical heating cables which are formed
in a continuous length and which may be cut to any desired length
while maintaining constant current flow through each heating
section for a given applied voltage.
Prior art heating cables and tapes, which are used for transferring
heat from the cable to pipes or other devices, generally utilize
special connectors and are generally designed and manufactured to a
specific length. When one of these prior art cables is too long for
the particular installation and it is cut to size, the current in
the heating element increases for a given applied voltage.
Accordingly it is an important object of the invention to provide a
heating cable which, for a given applied voltage, maintains the
same heating current in each section regardless of the length of
the cable.
It is a further object of the invention to provide such a heating
cable which has at least two low-resistance, current-carrying
conductors and a heating wire wound spirally about the
conductors.
It is a still further object of the invention to provide such a
heating cable with two current-carrying conductors.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide such a heating
cable with three current-carrying conductors.
It is a still further object of the invention to provide such a
heating cable which is easy to install and is capable of high heat
transfer to the object being heated.
These and other objects, advantages, features and uses will be
apparent during the course of the following description when taken
together with the accompanying drawing.
Broadly, the invention comprises at least two, current-carrying
wires which are insulted from each other and have the insulation
removed at predetermined, spaced points along the wires. A spirally
wound heater wire surrounds the insulated, current-carrying wires
and makes electrical contact with the current-carrying wires at the
bared, noninsulated points. The bared points are spaced so that
when electrical connection is made to two of the current-carrying
wires and voltage is applied, current flows in the heating
wire.
In another embodiment, copper foil wraps surround the insulated,
current-carrying wires at spaced intervals and a staple is driven
through the insulation surrounding one of the current-carrying
wires so that electrical contact is made between the spirally wound
heater wire and the current-carrying wire at that point.
In the accompanying drawing, forming a part hereof, and in which
like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the
same:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of a heating cable of the
invention having two current-carrying wires;
FIG. 2 is a simplified, schematic diagram showing the electrical
circuit obtained when using the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1 of a three conductor
heating cable of the invention; FIG.
FIG. 4 is a simplified, schematic diagram showing an electrical
circuit which may be obtained when using the embodiment of FIGURE
3;
FIG. 5 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1 of a further embodiment
of the invention.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken along lines 6--6 of FIG.
5, viewed in the direction of the arrows; and
FIG. 7 is a view similar to that of FIG. 5 of a three conductor
heating cable of the invention.
In the drawing wherein, for the purpose of illustration, there are
shown preferred embodiments of the invention and wherein like
numerals designate like parts throughout the same, the numeral 10
designates a two-wire cable of the invention. Cable 10 (FIG. 1) is
seen to comprise a pair of low-resistance wires 12 and 14, covered
respectively with an insulating cover 16 and 18, a spirally wound
heater wire 20 of relatively high resistance and an outer
insulating jacket 26. The insulating covers 16 and 18 and the outer
insulating jacket 26 may be formed of polytetrafluorine ethylene,
polyvinyl chloride or any similar flexible plastic which will
remain flexible and intact throughout the temperature range to
which the cable will normally be subjected.
Under certain conditions, it is desirable to provide a shield 28 of
woven conductive material to serve as a ground and to resist
abrasion. Wires 12 and 14 are bared of insulation at points 22 and
24, respectively, so that electrical contact is made with heater
wire 20 at those points.
FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic diagram of a circuit using the
cable of FIG. 1. A source of power 30 is connected to wires 12 and
14 which are of low resistance and carry the current. The applied
voltage across the terminals 32 is constant and the current flow in
each section of heating wire 20, namely, 20-1 20-2...20-n, also is
constant. Thus, each section produces the same heating effect
regardless of the number of sections being used. The user is
therefore able to make a good, efficient installation and cut off
any excess without affecting the efficiency of the various heating
sections.
Some prior art, multiple section cables require special connector
blocks to accomplish the desired electrical heating. Others require
that each installation have a cable specially designed for a
particular length. Clearly, the cable of the invention is ideal for
field installation around pipe lines or for burial in the ground
since a long continuous length can be cut to the desired length
without affecting the heating efficiency adversely. Generally, when
the cable of the invention is applied to a pipe, it is wound around
the pipe and then covered with a heat transfer cement to facilitate
transfer of heat from the cable to the pipe.
Cable 40 (FIG. 3) is seen to comprise electrical, current-carrying
wires 42, 44 and 46, which are insulated from each other by
insulating coverings 48, 50 and 52, respectively. A heating wire 54
is spirally wound about the three wires and makes contact with the
wires at bared points 56, 58 and 60. The bared points are spaced
apart for predetermined distances to keep the resistance between
points at the proper value. The combination is covered by an outer
insulation 55 and, if desired, by a ground shield 62.
The materials used for the construction of cable 40 are the same as
those used for cable 10. Both cables 10 and 40 are shown untwisted
but cables of the invention will normally be made with the
current-carrying wires twisted together to simplify manufacture and
maintain the proper constructional configuration.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of one possible electric circuit
which may be used with the cable 40. Power source 64 is a
three-phase supply and the cable is connected to terminals 66. The
applied voltage across each pair of terminals 66 produces current
flow in the resistances connected across those terminals. For
example, the voltage applied across the terminals 66, which are
connected to wires 42 and 44, produces heating in sections 54-1,
54-4...54-n. Similarly, voltage applied across the terminals 66,
which are connected to wires 44 and 46, produces heating in
sections 54-2, 54-5...54-p and that applied across the terminals
66, which are connected to wires 46 and 42, produces heating in
sections 54-3, 54-6...54-q.
Operation and installation of cable 40 is similar to that for cable
10. It can readily be seen that the same construction may also be
used for a four wire system and in other configurations.
Cable 70 (FIGS. 5 and 6) is seen to comprise a pair of low
resistance current-carrying wires 72 and 74 which are insulated
from each other and from the surrounding environment by an
insulator 76. A first plurality of thin, conductive foil wraps or
strips 80 of copper, silver or similar metallic material is wrapped
at spaced intervals around insulator 76 and a second plurality of
thin conductive foil wraps or strips 80' is wrapped at spaced
intervals around insulator 76. The two pluralities of foil strips
80 and 80' are interspersed so that each foil strip 80 has a
corresponding foil strip 80' adjacent thereto. Electrically
conductive staples 82 are driven through the insulator 76,
overlying strips 80 and into wire 72 so that electrical contact is
made between each conductive foil strip 80 and wire 72. Similarly,
electrically conductive staples 84 are driven through insulator 76,
overlying strips 80' and into wire 74 so that electrical contact is
made between each conductive foil strip 80' and wire 74. A high
resistance heating wire 78 is spirally wound along the length of
cable 70 so that it makes electrical contact through the foil
strips 80 and the staples 82 with wire 72 and through the foil
strips 80' and the staples 84 with wire 74. An outer insulating
cover 86 is used tp protect and insulate the cable 70.
The electrical circuit and operation of cable 70 are the same as
those of cable 10.
FIG. 7 illustrates a three conductive cable 90 which comprises low
resistance, current-carrying wires 92, 94 and 96, spirally wound,
high-resistance, heating wire 98 and outer insulating cover 108.
Electrical contact is made between wire 92 and heating wire 98 by
conductive foil wrap 100 and electrically conductive staple 102.
Similarly, connection is made between wire 94 and heating wire 98
by conductive foil wrap 100' and electrically conductive staple 104
and between wire 96 and heating wire 98 by conductive foil wrap
100' and electrically conductive staple 106.
The circuit of FIG. 4 is applicable to the embodiment of FIG. 7 and
the operation of cable 90 is the same as that of cable 40.
The materials used for the wires, both current-carrying and
heating, and the insulating covers are the same for cables 70 and
90 as for cables 10 and 40. Conductive shields 87 and 109, which
are similar to shields 28 and 62, may be used in cables 70 and 90,
respectively.
While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown and
described, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that
modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the
invention or the scope of the subjoined claims.
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