U.S. patent number 3,756,739 [Application Number 05/151,207] was granted by the patent office on 1973-09-04 for turbine-pumps.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Societe Pour L'Etude et le Development Des Turbines Hydrauliques. Invention is credited to Pierre Boussuges.
United States Patent |
3,756,739 |
Boussuges |
September 4, 1973 |
TURBINE-PUMPS
Abstract
The movable guide vanes of the mobile distributor of the turbine
pump are short and so arranged with relation to the fixed guide
vanes of the fixed distributor, that when the machine operates as a
pump the movable guide vanes bear on the trailing ends of the fixed
guide vanes, and when the machine operates as a turbine, the
movable guide vanes pivot in a direction to increase the opening
necessary to ensure suitable distribution of water over the
impeller.
Inventors: |
Boussuges; Pierre (Grenoble,
FR) |
Assignee: |
Societe Pour L'Etude et le
Development Des Turbines Hydrauliques (Grenoble,
FR)
|
Family
ID: |
9057048 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/151,207 |
Filed: |
June 9, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Jun 12, 1970 [FR] |
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7021545 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
415/161;
415/910 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F03B
3/103 (20130101); F04D 29/466 (20130101); Y02E
10/223 (20130101); Y02E 10/20 (20130101); Y10S
415/91 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F03B
3/00 (20060101); F04D 29/46 (20060101); F03B
3/10 (20060101); F01d 009/00 (); F03g 003/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;415/161,162,163,164,165,500,148 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
|
|
|
|
|
762,406 |
|
Nov 1956 |
|
GB |
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925,968 |
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May 1963 |
|
GB |
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150,697 |
|
Nov 1932 |
|
CH |
|
Primary Examiner: Raduazo; Henry F.
Claims
I claim:
1. A reversible pump-turbine comprising a distributor including
fixed guide vanes arranged in circumferentially spaced relation
around the impeller of the turbine-pump and having outer
convexly-shaped sides directed away from the impeller, mobile guide
vanes, means for supporting each mobile guide vane intermediate its
length for pivotal movement about a fixed axis located in
adjacently spaced relation to the trailing end of an associated
fixed guide vane, said location of such axis being such that when
the reversible pump-turbine is to be operated as a pump the leading
end of said mobile guide vane is enabled to be advanced inwardly
toward and into contact with the inner trailing end of said
associated fixed guide vane reducing the opening between said
associated fixed guide vane and that adjacent fixed guide vane
which has its side thereof directed toward the impeller disposed in
opposed relation to said convexly-shaped side of said associated
fixed guide vane, and when the reversible pump-turbine is to be
operated as a turbine the leading end of said mobile vane is
enabled to be retracted outwardly from said associated fixed guide
vane and toward said adjacent fixed guide vane to form a passage
between it and said trailing end of said associated fixed guide
vane increasing the opening between said adjacent fixed guide vanes
to the extent necessary to ensure suitable distribution of water
over the impeller, and means operable to advance said mobile guide
vanes to advance the leading ends thereof inwardly toward their
associated fixed guide vanes to enable the machine to operate as a
pump, and to retract the leading ends of said mobile guide vanes
away from said associated fixed guide vanes to enable the machine
to operate as a turbine, the leading ends of said mobile vanes
being shorter than the distance between the opposed sides of said
adjacent fixed guide vanes and said mobile vanes being of such
length and so arranged in the distributor that they are unable to
close the passageways between said adjacent fixed guide vanes, or
to cooperate to close the distributor.
2. A turbine-pump as defined in claim 1, in which in the advanced
position of the leading end of each movable guide vane, such
leading end bears on the convex face of the trailing end of the
associated fixed guide vane.
3. A turbine-pump as defined in claim 1, in which in the advanced
position of the leading end of each movable guide vane, the outer
side surface of such movable guide vane forms a continuation of the
convexly-shaped side of the associated fixed guide vane.
4. A turbine-pump as defined in claim 3, in which said outer side
surface of said movable guide vane is convexly-shaped and forms a
strictly continuous profile with the convexly-shaped side of the
associated fixed guide vane.
5. A turbine-pump as defined in claim 1, in which the terminus of
the trailing end of the associated fixed guide vane is shaped to
provide a slanting shoulder against which said leading end of the
movable guide vane bears.
6. A turbine-pump as defined in claim 1, in which the surface of
the leading end of each movable guide vane engageable with the
surface of the trailing end of the associated fixed guide vane in
the advanced position of such leading end, and said latter trailing
end surface are configured to define a fluid passageway for
by-passing additional flow of water in the retracted position of
said movable guide vane.
Description
THE INVENTION
This invention relates to turbine-pumps and is more particularly
concerned with an improved mobile distributor for such a
machine.
It is well known that the distribution components of a turbine
comprise a fixed distributor and a movable distributor for
adjusting the discharge between complete closure and full opening.
It is also known that adjustable pump diffusers comprise a movable
section which may be positioned so as to adopt energy recovery to
various pump operating conditions. The movable part of such
adjustable pump diffusers bears on the concave side of the fixed
unit. Turbine-pumps built on the turbine principle to have a fixed
distributor and a movable distributor are also known, but in such
machines the two distributors thereof have heretofore been
constructed to be partly imbricated within each other, i.e.,
overlapped partly. In all of the aforesaid known machines employing
a movable section the length of the movable guide vanes is so
calculated that the movable distributor is closed by the movable
guide vanes bearing one upon the other. It is also known that in
turbine-pump installations a considerable increase in head causes
great load fluctuation in the pump, and that the operational loads
exerted on the movable distributor vane in such a machine, at such
high heads become exceedingly high.
The primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a
movable distributor which will decrease the operational loads so
that this type of unit may be used in turbine pumps operating under
very high heads. In accordance with the invention, this purpose is
accomplished by making the guide vanes of the movable distributor
short, and so arranging them with relation to the fixed guide vanes
of the fixed distributor, that when the machine operates as a pump,
such movable guide vanes will bear on the ends of the convex side
of the fixed guide vanes, and when the machine operates as a
turbine, such movable guide vanes will pivot in the direction which
increases the opening necessary to ensure suitable distribution of
water over the impeller.
It has been found that when the movable guide vanes of the movable
distributor in a turbine-pump are made very short, the hydraulic
loads to which they can be subjected are limited. Further, the
maintenance of the position of such movable guide vanes due to
their bearing on the fixed vanes when the machine acts as a pump,
if necessary by prestressing in a manner known to the art, has been
found to prevent the vibrations which otherwise result from torque
fluctuation when the machine operates under such working condition.
These factors insure that the operation of the turbine-pump as a
pump will take place under the best possible stability conditions.
Moreover, since the required electrical power installed for a
turbine-pump is determined by the operation of the machine in pump
form, the power gain when the unit acts as a turbine, will because
of the displacement of the movable guide vanes in a proper
direction, improve the machine economy.
For purposes of illustration, two constructions embodying the
invention are described below and shown in the accompanying
drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a horizontal sectional view showing the guide vanes of
the fixed and movable distributors of a pump-turbine designed to
operate under very high heads; and
FIG. 2 is a similar view of a modification of the vane construction
shown in FIG. 1.
Referring more particularly to FIG. 1 of the drawings, the
reference numeral 1 designates generally the fixed guide vanes of
usual construction provided in the fixed distributor of a
pump-turbine. As indicated, such fixed guide vanes are
segmently-shaped with one convex side surface and a concave side
surface. The movable distributor of the machine is provided with an
equal number of movable guide vanes 2 of a thickness substantially
equal to that of the fixed guide vanes. Each of the movable guide
vanes is rotatable about the axis of a vertical shaft 3 located
beyond the trailing end of the associated fixed guide vane. The
specific location of each vertical shaft 3 is determined by the
mechanical problems which must be taken into account due to the
location of such shaft in the movable vane 2 and by the correct
positions for the movable vanes when closed and open to attain good
hydraulic flow conditions. The shafts 3 are connected in a
conventional manner to a shifting ring for positively moving the
movable guide vanes to all positions required of such vanes in the
operation of the machine and only two of which are shown in the
drawings. As indicated in FIG. 1, such connecting means may include
a lever 15 connected to each shaft 3 and in turn connected by a
link 16 to a shifting ring 17 which may be actuated by a
servo-motor (not shown) by means of a rod (not shown) connected
tangentially to the shifting ring 17.
It will be noted that the movable guide vanes are very short in
comparison with the fixed guide vanes and are too short to
cooperate with one another to close the movable distributor, or
with the fixed guide vanes to close the passageways 9 between the
latter. It will also be noted that the axes of the movable guide
vanes 2 are so located with respect to the trailing terminal ends
of the fixed guide vanes 1 that in one position thereof the side
surfaces 12 of their leading ends 4 bear against the convex surface
of the trailing ends 5 of the fixed guide vanes. In this position
of the movable guide vanes they cannot be used to close the
distributor. The movable guide vanes will assume this position when
the machine operates as a pump with water flowing in the
distributor passages 9 in the direction of the arrows F. In this
position, each movable guide vane 2 will form an extension of the
trailing end of the associated fixed guide vane 1 and its side
surfaces 8 and 10 are configured to provide a substantial
continuation of respectively, the convex and concave side surfaces
of the associated fixed guide vane 1, thereby affording no
obstruction to the flow of water in the direction F. Since in this
position the side surfaces 12 of the leading ends 4 of the movable
guide 2 will be pressed firmly against the convex surfaces of the
trailing ends 5 of the fixed guide vanes, during such flow of water
in the direction F, they will be rendered immovable to any torque
fluctuations which might otherwise cause vibration, and will not
respond to any hydraulic forces exerted on them tending to cause
vibration thereof.
When the machine operates as a turbine the flow is in the direction
of the arrow F' and the shifting ring is actuated to shift the
links 16 to the dot-dash position designated 16' and through the
levers 15 to cause the guide vanes 2 of the movable distributor to
take the entry adjustment positions 6 shown in dotted outline in
the drawing to ensure a suitable flow adjusted for the turbine
delivery rate. The generally convexly-shaped side surface 12 of
each movable guide vane 2 is so configured that when such vane is
pivoted to the position indicated in dotted outline to increase the
opening necessary to obtain a suitable distribution of water over
the impeller 11, the opening defined by such side surface 12 and
the convex end 5 of the associated fixed guide vane will ensure
such distribution without diminution of efficiency.
In FIG. 2 of the drawings, in which like parts have been given the
same reference numerals, the side surfaces 12 of the movable vanes
2 instead of bearing against the convex surfaces of the fixed vanes
1, bear against transversely sloping shoulders 7 forming the
termini of the trailing ends of such fixed vanes. Thus, each
movable guide vane 2, forms a joint with the associated fixed guide
vane to provide what may be considered as a composite fixed guide
vane when the machine is operating as a pump. This effect is
heightened by providing the side surfaces 8 and 10 of the movable
guide vane with respectively, convex and concave shapes that will
form respectively, a continuation of the convex and concave
surfaces of the fixed guide vanes when the side surfaces 12 of the
movable guide vanes are pressed against the fixed vane shoulders 7.
The face of each sloping shoulder 7 is given a configuration which
will cooperate with the movable vane side surface 12 opposing it to
provide a suitable passageway for the by-passing additional flow of
water when the machine operates as a turbine, as indicated by the
dotted line position 6 of the movable guide vane.
* * * * *