U.S. patent number 3,753,424 [Application Number 05/198,166] was granted by the patent office on 1973-08-21 for method and apparatus for supplying gaseous and liquid fuels to a dual-fuel engine.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Steyr-Daimler-Puch Aktiengesellschaft. Invention is credited to Dieter Haidvogel.
United States Patent |
3,753,424 |
Haidvogel |
August 21, 1973 |
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING GASEOUS AND LIQUID FUELS TO A
DUAL-FUEL ENGINE
Abstract
Only liquid fuel is supplied to the engine under a no-load
condition. Only liquid fuel at an increasing rate is supplied to
said engine as the load thereon increases from said no-load
condition through a lower partial load range. Liquid and gaseous
fuels are supplied to said engine in a higher partial load range
and under full load. The proportion of said gaseous fuel relative
to said liquid fuel is increased during an increase of the load on
said engine above said lower partial load range to about
three-fourths of the full load on the engine.
Inventors: |
Haidvogel; Dieter (Vienna,
OE) |
Assignee: |
Steyr-Daimler-Puch
Aktiengesellschaft (Vienna, OE)
|
Family
ID: |
3629173 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/198,166 |
Filed: |
November 12, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
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|
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Dec 22, 1970 [OE] |
|
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A 11 518/70 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
123/27GE;
123/525 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02D
19/0678 (20130101); F02D 19/105 (20130101); F02D
19/0684 (20130101); F02D 19/0607 (20130101); F02D
19/081 (20130101); Y02T 10/36 (20130101); Y02T
10/30 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F02D
19/00 (20060101); F02D 19/10 (20060101); F02m
013/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;123/120,121,27G |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Goodridge; Laurence M.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method of controlling the supply of a normally gaseous and a
normally liquid fuel to a dual-fuel engine for vehicles after it
has been started, which comprises the steps of
1. supplying only the liquid fuel to the engine under a no-load
condition;
2. continuing to supply the liquid fuel to the engine at an
increasing rate as the engine load increases from the no-load
condition to a full engine load,
a. only the liquid fuel being supplied during a first, low load
range;
3. also supplying the gaseous fuel to the engine at an increasing
rate during a second, higher load range above the first load range
and up to about three-fourths of of the full engine load; and
4. continuing to supply the gaseous fuel to the engine up to the
full engine load.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the gaseous fuel is supplied at a
rapidly increasing rate during an increase of the engine load from
about two-thirds to about three-fourths of the full engine
load.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the gaseous fuel is supplied at a
gradually increasing rate during an increase of the engine load
from about one-third to about three-fourths of the full engine
load.
4. In an apparatus for supplying a normally gaseous and a normally
liquid fuel to a dual-fuel engine for vehicles, which apparatus
comprises a fuel injection pump operable to supply the liquid fuel
to the engine, an adjusting member for controlling the rate of
supply of the liquid fuel, a controller for controlling the gaseous
fuel supply rate, the controller comprising means defining a
gaseous fuel passage bore, a spring-biased valve member axially
urged toward the bore to assume a closed position wherein the valve
member adjoins the bore and shuts off the supply of the gaseous
fuel through the bore, a valve pin carried by the valve member for
protruding into the bore, and means operatively connecting the
adjusting member to the valve member for moving the valve member
away from the bore in response to a movement of the adjusting
member corresponding to an increase of the engine load from a
no-load condition, the improvement of the valve pin comprising a
cylindrical portion adjoining the valve member and having a
diameter matching the bore, the cylindrical valve pin portion
having a length at least equal to the length of the stroke of the
valve member from the no-load position to a position corresponding
to about one-third of the full engine load, and a tapered portion
adjoining the cylindrical portion.
5. In an apparatus for supplying a normally gaseous and a normally
liquid fuel to a dual-fuel engine for vehicles, which comprises a
fuel injection pump operable to supply the liquid fuel to the
engine, an adjusting member for controlling the rate of supply of
the liquid fuel, a controller for controlling the gaseous fuel
supply rate, the controller comprising means defining a gaseous
fuel passage bore, a valve pin arranged to be moved into and out of
the bore, and means operatively connecting the adjusting member to
the valve pin for the movement thereof, the improvement of the
valve pin comprising a cylindrical portion having a diameter
matching the bore, the means connecting the adjusting member and
valve pin being arranged to move the cylindrical valve pin portion
into the bore to shut off any flow of the gaseous fuel through the
bore when the adjusting member is in a position corresponding to a
no-load condition of the engine, and to move the cylindrical valve
pin portion entirely out of the bore in response to a movement of
the adjusting member corresponding to an increase of the engine
load to at least about one-third of the full engine load, and a
tapered portion adjoining the cylindrical valve pin portion.
Description
This invention relates to a method of controlling the mixing ratio
in dual-fuel engines for vehicles, which engines are fed only with
liquid fuel under no-load conditions. The invention relates also to
apparatus for carrying out this method.
An apparatus is known in which the gas flow controller and the fuel
injection pump are permanently coupled for simultaneous adjustment.
A device is provided which is associated with the gas flow
controller and which, when the adjusting member of the fuel
injection pump is moved from a position correspnding to 70-80
percent of the full load of the engine to positions corresponding
to an injection of larger amounts of fuel, will reduce the free
area of flow in the gas flow controller or will maintain said free
area of flow constant. The device consists of a throttling pin,
which is carried by the valve member of the spring-loaded valve
which constitutes the gas flow controller, and said pin protrudes
into the passage bore and from the valve member is gradually
tapered and subsequently formed with an enlarged or cylindrical
portion. Because the gas flow controller and the adjusting member
of the fuel injection pump are coupled, an increase of the load
will initially result in an increase of the amount of liquid fuel
which is injected as well as in an increase of the rate at which
gaseous fuel is fed so that the mixing ratio remains approximately
constant. When a position has been reached which corresponds to
70-80 percent of the full load on the engine, only the amount of
liquid fuel which is injected is increased whereas the rate at
which the gaseous fuel is fed is maintained constant or even
reduced so that the mixing ratio in the upper load range is changed
in favor of the liquid fuel. All other known methods of controlling
the mixing ratio in dual-fuel engines for vehicles also involve an
increasing supply of the gaseous fuel in the lower partial load
range, beginning from a no-load condition.
It has now been found that an admixing of gaseous fuel in the lower
partial load range results in an exhaust gas having an undesirable
composition. This may be due to the fact that in the lower partial
load range the gaseous fuel prevent a complete combustion.
It is an object of the invention to eliminate these disadvantages
and provide a method which enables an improvement of the
composition of the exhaust gas in the lower partial load range
whereas other advantages of the dual-fuel process need not be
sacrificed. That method should be carried out with fairly simple
apparatus.
The above-mentioned object is accomplished by the method according
to the invention in that during an initial increase of the load
from a no-load condition only the amount of liquid fuel which is
injected is increased, gaseous fuel is added only when a higher
partial load range has been entered, and the gaseous fuel is added
in a maximum proportion under about three-fourths of the full load
on the engine. Hence, no gaseous fuel at all is added in the
lowermost partial load range and only liquid fuel is supplied in
said range. This operation surprisingly results in a much improved
exhaust gas composition in said range. Tests have shown that
particularly the proportion of unburnt hydrocarbons in the exhaust
gas is much reduced. Because the proportion of the gaseous fuel
reaches a maximum when about three-fourths of the full load on the
engine have been reached and the porportion of gaseous fuel remains
constant or is decreased under higher loads, an excessive pressure
rise otherwise to be expected in the uppermost partial load range
and under full load as a result of a further increase of the
proportion of gaseous fuel will be avoided.
The gaseous fuel may be added at a rapidly increasing rate during
an increase of the load above about two-thirds of the full load on
the engine. This enables the provision of optimum conditions
regarding the composition of the exhaust gas. Alternatively, the
gaseous fuel may be admixed at a gradually increasing rate above
approximately the first one-third of the full load on the engine.
This practice results in a higher economy and a lower consumption
of liquid fuel whereas the composition of the exhaust gas is not
substantially deteriorated.
In the apparatus for carrying out the method, the gas flow
controller and the adjusting member of the fuel injection pump are
also coupled for simultaneous adjustment and the gas flow
controller consists of a spring-loaded valve, which is closed in
the no-load condition and comprises a valve pin, which is carried
by the valve member and protrudes into the passage bore. The
apparatus is characterized according to the invention in that the
control pin comprises in known manner a cylindrical portion which
adjoins the valve member and has a diameter which matches the
passage bore, and a preferably conically tapered portion which
adjoins said cylindrical portion, the cylindrical portion having a
length which is at least as large as the stroke of the valve member
from its no-load position to the position corresponding to
approximately one-third of the full load on the engine. Because the
cylindrical portion matches the passage bore of the gas flow
controller that bore will remain closed as long as the cylindrical
portion of the pin is disposed in the bore and there will be no
supply of gaseous fuel during that time. In this way, the apparatus
meets the requirement that the engine should be supplied only with
liquid fuel in the lower partial load range. As soon as the tapered
portion of the pin enters the passage bore, a supply of gas is
enabled too and the real two-fuel operation begins.
An apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention
is shown in the drawing, in which
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing the entire apparatus,
FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the gas flow controller and
FIGS. 2a to 2c show the gas flow controller in three other
positions.
The adjusting member 1 of a conventional fuel injection pump 2 for
supplying liquid fuel into a dual-fuel engine for vehicles consists
of a lever, which by a linkage 3 is coupled to a gas flow
controller 4 for simultaneous adjustment. Gas is supplied to the
gas flow controller 4 through a conduit 5 from a suitable tank and
through conduit 6 enters the induction manifold of the engine. The
adjusting member 1 of the fuel injection pump 2 is indirectly
connected to the accelerator pedal.
The gas flow controller 4 comprises a valve member 9, which is
forced by a spring 7 against a valve seat member 8 and to which the
linkage 3 is connected. The valve member 9 is provided with a valve
pin 11, which protrudes into the passage bore 10 of the valve seat
member 8 and which comprises a cylindrical portion 12 which adjoins
the valve member and has a diameter matching the passage bore 10,
and a conically tapered portion 13 adjoining the cylindrical
portion 12.
The valve which is formed by the gas flow rate controller 4 is
closed in the no-load position shown in FIG. 2 so that the vehicle
engine is then supplied only with liquid fuel. Because the
cylindrical portion 12 of the pin has a diameter which matches the
diameter of the bore 10, the flow of gas will be blocked until the
position shown in FIG. 2a is reached, which corresponds to about
two-thirds of the full load on the engine. Under about
three-fourths of the full load (FIG. 2b), the gas flow rate reaches
a maximum and remains constant thereafter until the full-load
position shown in FIG. 2c has been reached. From the position shown
in FIG. 2a to the position shown in FIG. 2b, the rate at which gas
flows through the bore 10 increases fairly rapidly owing to the
conically tapered portion 13 of the valve pin.
The cylindrical portion 12 of the valve pin 11 might alternatively
be succeeded by a conical portion 14 having an acute apex angle,
and this conical portion might be succeeded by an end portion 15,
such as is indicated by dash-dot lines in FIG. 2. With such a valve
pin, the gaseous fuel will be admixed at a gradually increasing
rate during an increase of the load above about one-third of the
full load on the engine.
* * * * *