U.S. patent number 3,749,422 [Application Number 05/179,967] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-31 for pressure sensitive end sheet for casing books.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Velco-Bind, Inc.. Invention is credited to William H. Abildgaard, Charles T. Groswith, III.
United States Patent |
3,749,422 |
Abildgaard , et al. |
July 31, 1973 |
PRESSURE SENSITIVE END SHEET FOR CASING BOOKS
Abstract
An uncased book is provided with identical front and back end
leaves each coated on most, but preferably not all, of its outward
facing surface with pressure sensitive adhesive initially protected
with release paper. The uncased book is positioned relative to the
case, and the spine of the uncased book is preferably attached to
the spine binding of the case. The release paper is stripped from
the pressure sensitive adhesive, causing each end leaf to adhere to
the inside of the facing cover of the case. In a preferred
embodiment, the release paper is provided with a tab which extends
back beyond the inside edge of the book so that it can be gripped
and the release paper stripped while the cover is closed. The book
itself may be fabricated in various ways and the end leaves may be
attached to the uncased book in various ways. The manner of
application of the pressure sensitive adhesive to the end leaves is
also subjected to variation.
Inventors: |
Abildgaard; William H. (Los
Altos Hills, CA), Groswith, III; Charles T. (Los Altos
Hills, CA) |
Assignee: |
Velco-Bind, Inc. (Sunnyvale,
CA)
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Family
ID: |
22658738 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/179,967 |
Filed: |
September 12, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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146648 |
May 25, 1971 |
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79086 |
Sep 8, 1970 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
281/21.1;
281/29 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B42D
1/02 (20130101); B42C 11/045 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B42D
1/02 (20060101); B42C 11/04 (20060101); B42D
1/00 (20060101); B42C 11/00 (20060101); B42d
003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;281/21,29,35-37
;11/3 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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671,229 |
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Feb 1939 |
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DD |
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1,086,671 |
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Aug 1960 |
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DT |
|
Primary Examiner: Charles; Lawrence
Parent Case Text
This invention is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.
146,648, filed May 25, 1971, which is in turn a
continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 79,086, filed Sept. 8, 1970.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An end leaf structure for a book comprising an end leaf
dimensioned approximately the same as the sheets of said book and
having a spine edge and an outer edge, a layer of
pressure-sensitive adhesive covering substantially the entire end
leaf, said adhesive terminating at a line parallel to and spaced
inward of the spine edge of said end leaf, and a release paper
protecting said adhesive and covering all of said adhesive, said
release paper folded at about said line of said adhesive to define
an underneath layer covering said adhesive and terminating at said
outer edge and a top layer extending outward beyond said outer edge
of said end leaf to provide a tab to pull said release paper away
from said adhesive, the portion of said end leaf between said line
and said spine edge comprising attachment means for attachment of
said leaf to an uncased book.
2. An end leaf according to claim 1 which further comprises a
second layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive on the side of said end
leaf opposite said first-mentioned layer and second release paper
protecting said second layer, said second release paper removable
for attachment of said end leaf to the outer surface of an uncased
book by means of said second layer.
3. An end leaf structure according to claim 1 in which said tab is
narrower than said end leaf.
4. An end leaf structure according to claim 1 in which said release
paper comprises two separate parts, an underneath part initially
dimensioned the same as said end leaf and a top part having an
inner edge along said line and having second adhesive adhering said
top part to the portion of said underneath adhering part which
extends from said line to said spine edge, said underneath part
being folded at said line with said top portion extending overlying
said underneath part to form an outward extension beyond said outer
edge.
5. In combination, an end leaf according to claim 1, an uncased
book and binding means cooperable with said attachment mean for
binding said end leaf to said uncased book.
6. In combination, an end leaf according to claim 1, an uncased
"paperbound" book having integral front, back, and spine covers,
sheets, and second adhesive attaching the spine edges and which
further comprises third adhesive on the side of said end leaf
opposite said first-mentioned adhesive attaching said end leaf to
the outside of said front cover.
7. The combination of claim 6 in which said binding means comprises
a plurality of metal staples.
8. The combination of claim 7 which further comprises a
reinforcement underlying said staples.
9. The combination of claim 8 in which said reinforcement covers
the spine edge of said uncased book and both edges of said book
adjacent the spine edge thereof.
10. An end leaf structure according to claim 1 in which said
release paper comprises two separate parts, an underneath part
initially dimensioned the same as said end leaf and a ribbon having
an inner edge along said line and having second adhesive adhering
said ribbon to the portion of said underneath part which extends
from said line to said spine edge, said underneath part being
folded at said line, said ribbon forming said tab.
11. An end leaf according to claim 10 in which said release paper
is folded over at the inner edge of said ribbon, said ribbon being
exposed.
Description
This invention relates to a new and improved pressure sensitive
coated end leaf construction for uncased books wherein release
paper initially protects the adhesive and wherein the release paper
is fabricated so that it can be stripped off conveniently.
One of particular features of the invention is the fact that
pressure sensitive adhesive is applied to each end leaf of the
book. In accordance with conventional manufacturing practices, the
pressure sensitive adhesive is first applied to release paper which
has previously been coated so that when the adhesive is brought
into contact with the end leaf, the adhesive sticks to the end leaf
and does not stick well to the release paper. In other
manufacturing practices, the adhesive may first be applied to the
end leaf and release paper laminated thereto to protect the
adhesive. When the release paper is stripped off, the pressure
sensitive adhesive remains with the end leaf and is exposed.
Features of the invention are the provision of various alternate
constructions of the release paper so that it may be stripped or
peeled off the end leaves in a convenient and efficient manner.
A further feature of the invention is that, after the spine edge of
the uncased book has been caused to adhere to the spine of the case
by any of various means, the end leaves are caused to adhere to the
insides of the covers of the case by pressure sensitive
adhesive.
Another feature of the invention is the fact that the release paper
may be stripped with the uncased book attached to the spine of the
case and the release paper stripped from the end leaves while the
book is closed.
Another feature of the invention is the fact that likelihood of
improper location of the end leaves relative to the case is for
practical purposes eliminated.
It is accordingly, a principal advantage of the present invention
that the attachment of the end leaves to the case is accomplished
rapidly and conveniently.
Use of pressure sensitive adhesives is made feasible by the present
invention and has numerous advantages. Pressure sensitive adhesive
requires no curing, drying or hardening, as do animal and solvent
glues used in binding. Presses are not required, a light rubbing
effects total adhesion. There is no odor or mess and no cleanup is
required.
Still another feature of the invention is that the end leaves may
be used with uncased books of a variety of constructions. Some of
these constructions are conventional, others are in accordance with
pending applications of applicants. Among the conventional
constructions are stapled and sewn uncased books. Further, the end
leaves may be used with paperback books so that hard covers may be
applied thereto.
Other objects of the present invention will become apparent upon
reading the following specification and referring to the
accompanying drawings in which similar characters of reference
represent corresponding parts in each of the several views.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a plan view, partly broken away, of an end leaf in
accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view taken
substantially along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a book in accordance with the
present invention preparatory to an application of the end leaves
to the front cover of the case, the view being partially broken
away to reveal construction of the end leaf.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary, sectional view through a portion of the
book of FIG. 3 after the release paper has been removed and the end
leaves have adhered to the insides of the covers.
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary, end elevational view of a modified end
leaf.
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of a still further modified end
leaf.
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary perspective view of another modified form
showing an end leaf stapled to an uncased book.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are modifications of FIG. 7.
FIG. 8 is an end elevation showing end leaves made in accordance
with this invention applied to a paper bound book.
FIG. 8A is an exploded, somewhat schematic, end view of a
modification of FIG. 8.
FIG. 8B is a perspective view, partially broken away, showing a
book in accordance with FIG. 8A preliminary to being attached to a
casing using pressure sensitive end leaves.
FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 8A showing the invention applied
to a sewn book.
FIGS. 10 - 14 are, respectively, perspective views, partially
broken away, of still further modified end leaves.
One of the features of the present invention is the fact that the
uncased book may be bound in various ways. The book shown in FIGS.
3 and 4 is prepared in accordance with U. S. Pat. application Ser.
No. 799,045 filed Feb. 13, 1969, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,596,929 issued
Sept. 8, 1971, and is further illustrated in said patent
application Serial No. 146,648 filed May 25, 1971. Elsewhere in
this application, there are illustrated somewhat schematically
uncased books constructed by other means such as stapling, gluing,
sewing, etc.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, uncased book 41 is formed of a plurality
of sheets 21 formed with apertures 22 adjacent the spine margins
thereof. The uncased book is held together by means of a first
plastic strip 26 having integral projecting thermoplastic studs 27
spaced to fit through the holes 22 and a second plastic strip 29
formed with similarly spaced holes 31 preferably having external
counterbores 32 in which rivet heads 33 are formed on the severed
ends of studs 27 by passing a hot knife through said studs spaced
beyond said second strip and then moving the hot knife toward the
second strip to form rivet-like heads 33 on said studs. Apparatus
and method for thus fabricating a book are claimed in co-pending
applications of the present applicants. End leaves 23 are provided
which fit on the front and back of the stack of sheets 21, the
spine marginal edges of the end leaves 23 being formed with
apertures 22 and receiving the same studs 27 which secure the
sheets 21 to the strips 26, 29.
One of the features of the present application is the use of
pressure sensitive adhesive 36 on at least a portion of each end
leaf 23. Initially, such adhesive 36 is protected from contact with
other objects by release paper 37. Release paper 37, as
conventionally manufactured, is ordinary Kraft paper which is
coated with polyethylene on both sides so that the paper does not
absorb solvents or moisture and the polyethylene coating is stable.
At least the side of the release paper to which the adhesive is
applied is coated with a silicone material fo facilitate
stripping.
Adhesive 36 is usually an acrylic, cross-linked acrylic, nitrile
rubber or other polymer which is initially dissolved in a solvent
as commercially available. A coating between 4 and 6 mils thick is
applied to the silicone coated surface of the release paper 37 and
then the solvent is driven off by drying in an oven so that the
adhesive layer 36 is about 1 mil or less in thickness. Such release
paper 37 coated with adhesive 36 is then laminated to the end leaf
23 and rolled so that the adhesive 36 sticks to the end leaf 23.
The fabrication of the end leaf 23, adhesive 36 and release paper
37 is an adaptation of general commercial practice in the pressure
sensitive adhesive art. In accordance with the present invention,
in the form of the invention shown in FIG. 3, by pulling the
release paper 37 away from the adhesive 36 the adhesive 36 is
exposed. When the front cover 56 of the case 46 is closed, adhesive
36 causes the end leaf 23 to adhere to the inside of the cover, as
subsequently explained, and thus the case and cover are
assembled.
The case 46 of the book is likewise subject to considerable
variation. In the form shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, front and back
covers 56 are connected by an integral central spine cover 57. It
will be understood that the front and back covers 56 are usually
fabricated with boards 51 of cardboard or similar material and that
the top and bottom turnins 52 and outer edge turnin 53 only
partially cover the boards and that the corners 54 are preferably
mitered, in accordance with conventional case manufacturing
operations. Thus, there is a hinge forming area 49 which is thin
and flexible immediately toward the spine edge of the boards 51.
This construction is shown partially in FIG. 3 but it is
intentionally omitted in FIG. 4 so as to avoid confusing detail. In
the form of case shown in FIG. 4, a resilient spine strip 48 is
employed which is pressure sensitive on both surfaces and
originally is provided with release paper (not shown) on its
exposed surface, which release paper is stripped off prior to the
assembly operation. Hinge creases 58 are formed immediately inward
of covers 56 and beads 59 are formed immediately inward of the
hinge creases 58. Details of such construction and the advantages
thereof are shown in application Ser. No. 79,086 and application
Ser. No. 146,648.
In assembling the uncased book 41 to case 46, the spine edge of the
uncased book 41 is caused to adhere to the pressure sensitive
resilient spine strip 48. As shown in FIG. 3, the front cover 56
(and the back cover as well), is unfinished in that the board 51 is
shown merely covered by the turned in top and bottom turnins 52 and
edge turnin 53. The ultimate position of the end leaf 23 which
conceals the board 51 is shown in dot-and-dash lines in the inside
of top cover 56.
After the spine of the uncased book is caused to adhere to the
spine cover, the release paper 37 is removed, causing the adhesive
36 on the end leaf 23 to adhere to the inside of the board 51 and
the portions of the turned in portions 52 and 53 within the
dot-and-dash lines. The end leaf 23 thus permanently adheres to the
cover 56.
In the modification shown in FIGS. 1-4, as best shown in FIG. 2,
end leaf 23 is formed with holes 22 adjacent its spine margin.
Release paper 37 is initially coated with pressure sensitive
adhesive 36 which terminates at longitudinal edge 64 adjacent but
inward of holes 22. A crease 63 is formed in release paper 37
coinciding with the inner edge 64 of the pressure sensitive
adhesive 36 and a layer of release paper 66 overlying the release
paper 37 extends in an outward extension 67 beyond the inside edges
of the end leaf 23, adhesive 36 and release paper 37. The
completely fabricated end leaf is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Such an
end leaf is attached to the uncased book. In the form shown in
FIGS. 3 and 4, the studs 27 pass through the holes 22 in the end
leaf 23 in the same manner as they pass through the holes 22 in the
sheets 21. After the spine of the uncased book 41 has adhered to
the spine 57 of the case 46, the covers 56 are closed and the
extensions 67 project beyond the inside edges of the sheets 21 and
front and back covers 56. These projections 67 may be pulled
simultaneously or serially causing the release paper 37 to be
gradually stripped back exposing the adhesive 36 which immediately
adheres to the inside of the boards 51 and to the portions of the
turnins 52, 52, 53 which are inside the dot-and-dash lines of FIG.
3. Thus, the end leaves adhere to the case as shown in FIG. 4.
In the modification of FIG. 5, end leaf 23a is formed in the same
manner as end leaf 23 or in other constructions. Release paper 37a
is initially completely coated with pressure sensitive adhesive
36a. However, a second piece of paper 68 is attached by inserting
the edge of the paper 68 overlying the spine margin of end leaf 23a
before the pressure sensitive material 36a is laminated to end leaf
23a. Thus, the overlying portion 68 is connected to release paper
37a inwardly of the line 64a where the pressure sensitive material
36a ends on end leaf 23a. The portion 68 is folded over at a crease
(not shown) approximately coinciding with line 64a to overlie the
release paper 37a, thereby exposing an uncoated edge of the end
leaf 23a for binding purposes. The portion 68 may be of extended
width to provide an outward extension corresponding to extension
67.
In the modification of FIG. 6, which resembles that of FIG. 1, the
overlying release paper is formed in a tongue 66b having an
extension 67b, both of narrow height. Thus, the entire surface of
release paper 37b is not covered by the tongue 66b. The shape of
tongue 66b is subject to considerable variation from the curved
shape shown in FIG. 6.
FIG. 7 illustrates an alternate means of binding the uncased book.
In this form of the invention wire staples 71 of the type
conventionally used in inexpensive book construction are used to
secure the sheets 21c together and also to secure the end leaf 23c
to the sheets 21c. Such an uncased book 41c is substituted for the
uncased book 41 of FIG. 4. In other respects, the attachment of the
case (not shown) thereto is similar to the preceding modifications.
It will be noted that the end leaf 23c is provided with adhesive
36c and initially protected by release paper 37c which may be
folded back at crease 63c, in the same manner as in FIG. 2, leaving
a layer 66c.
In the modification of FIG. 7A, the structure is similar to FIG. 7
except that narrow longitudinal strips of reinforcing material 72
of cardboard or other suitable material are interposed over the
outer edges of the end leaves 23d before staples 71d are applied
and the staples passed through material 72 which may be cardboard,
plastic or metal, with or without preformed holes through which
staples 71d pass. In addition to preformed holes for staples,
material 72 may be formed with depressions to receive staples 71d
so that the staples do not protrude. Use of reinforcement 72
lessens likelihood of the sheets 21d tearing out of staples 71d. In
the modification of FIG. 7B, a channel shaped reinforcement 73 of
cardboard or other suitable material covers the spine edges of
sheets 21e and 23e and also overlies the outer edges of end leaves
23e. Staples 71e thus pass through reinforcement 73 as well as
sheets 21e.
FIG. 8 illustrates a paperback book 41f formed by the so-called
"perfect binding" method wherein the front and back outer sheets 76
and the spine 77 are integral and the inside of the spine is glued
to the spine edges of the sheets 21f by adhesive 78 in accordance
with the present art. Initially such a paperback book has an uneven
edge 96 which must be trimmed at trim line 97. The outward
extension 67f of outer release paper layer 66f is folded back at
fold 98 until the book is cut at trim line 97 (see dotted lines in
FIG. 8) and then restored to full line position.
FIG. 8A illustrates a modification wherein end leaves 23g are
attached by layers 101 of pressure sensitive adhesive to the front
and back covers 76g of a paperback book 41g and the outside face of
each end leaf 23g is similar to that of one of the preceding
modifications. Initially, adhesive 101 is protected by release
paper 102. The latter is removed and adhesive 101 bonds end leaf
23g to cover 76g. When release paper 37g is removed, layer 36g is
exposed to attach uncased book 41g to a case (not shown), as
illustrated in FIG. 8B.
Alternatively, instead of pressure sensitive adhesive 101, an end
leaf similar to leaf 23g may be attached to cover 76 by
conventional bookmaking glue, thermosetting adhesives or the like.
This modification is not illustrated but its construction will
readily occur to one skilled in the art.
FIG. 9 shows the invention applied to conventional sewn book
signatures 81 consisting of folded large sheets forming individual
pages 21h after being trimmed on three sides. The outer signatures
81 may be connected to a gauze spine strip 82 which overlies the
spine marginal edges of the outermost signatures in various ways.
As shown, the inner edge 83 of each signature 81 is tipped with
adhesive 87. Further, threads 84 sew the longitudinal creases of
the signatures 81 to each other and may also secure them to gauze
82. This is a conventional bookmaking construction. Adhesive 36h is
applied to the outer face of end leaf 23h up to line 64h and
protected with release paper (not shown) as in previous
modifications. In the modifications shown in FIG. 9, adhesive 101h
on the inside of end leaf 23h attaches the latter to gauze 82 and
the outermost sheet 21h of outermost signature 81. Alternatively,
end leaf 23h may be tipped with glue and bonded to the outermost
signature by thread, with or without inner layer 101h of adhesive.
In other respects the end leaves may have pressure-senstitive
adhesive and be protected initially by release paper as in the
preceding modifications.
FIG. 10 shows an end leaf wherein release paper 37j is
substantially the same dimension as end leaf 23j and is not folded
back as in previous modifications. To facilitate stripping the
release paper a slit 38 formed in the release paper slightly
outward of the location of whatever binding means is used to attach
the end leaf to the uncased book, line 38 being parallel to the
side edges of the leaf. A corner of the release paper may be folded
back outward of line 38 to further facilitate stripping.
FIG. 11 shows a structure similar to FIG. 10 except that a second
slit 39 is formed in release paper 37k about one-half the width of
end leaf 23k. Thus release paper 37k is removed in two stages:
first by peeling back from slit 38k and then by peeling back from
slit 39.
In the modification of FIG. 12, a narrow ribbon 61 of paper is
placed on the underside of adhesive-coated release paper 37m prior
to laminating to end leaf 23m. After lamination, slit 38m is
located to coincide with the spine side of ribbon 61. Ribbon 61
prevents adherence of adhesive coated release paper 37m and end
leaf 23m in an area outward of line 62 which extends from top to
bottom of paper 37m. In the use of this modification it is
relatively simple for the operator to peel back the release paper
37m because there is a narrow area adjacent slit 38m where the
release paper 37m is loose.
The form of the invention shown in FIG. 13 is a further
modification in which release paper 37n is folded back so that the
free surface of ribbon 61n is uppermost, making it even easier to
peel off the end paper 37n.
Directing attention to FIG. 14, the adhesive 36p is applied only
partially over the width of release paper 37p but terminates in the
line 64p spaced inward from the left-hand margin of paper 23p. When
release paper 37p is peeled back, the edge 64p of adhesive 36p is
spaced to the right of the left-hand margin of the end leaf 23p a
predetermined distance.
The structures of FIGS. 5, 6, 7, 7A, 7B, 8, 8A, and 9-14 are in
many respects similar to the modification of FIGS. 1- 4 and the
same reference numerals followed by the subscripts a, b, c, d, e,
f, g, h, j, k, m, n and p, respectively, are used to designate
corresponding parts in the several views.
* * * * *