U.S. patent number 3,749,311 [Application Number 05/242,663] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-31 for ornamental fountain with multi-tier or horizontal discharge patterns.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Rain Jet Corp.. Invention is credited to John O. Hruby, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,749,311 |
Hruby, Jr. |
July 31, 1973 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
ORNAMENTAL FOUNTAIN WITH MULTI-TIER OR HORIZONTAL DISCHARGE
PATTERNS
Abstract
The present ornamental fountain nozzle comprises an elongate
tubular body which defines therein an internal chamber having a
water inlet opening at its lower end. A plug is fixedly disposed
across the chamber at its upper end in spaced relation to the water
inlet opening. Water outlet means are provided from the chamber to
the exterior of the nozzle. The water outlet means comprise a
plurality of water outlet holes defined through the body for
discharging water radially laterally from the nozzle. The holes are
defined between the water inlet opening and the plug at a location
more proximate to the plug than to the water inlet opening. The
holes are uniformly spaced along the body from the plug and are
spaced regularly along the circumference of the body. An annular
collar is circumferentially intimately engaged with the body
proximate the holes for modulating the flow of water from the
chamber through the holes. The effective flow area of the water
inlet opening and of the water flow path between the inlet opening
and the water outlet means is greater than the effective water flow
area of the outlet means.
Inventors: |
Hruby, Jr.; John O. (Burbank,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Rain Jet Corp. (Burbank,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
27373213 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/242,663 |
Filed: |
April 10, 1072 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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102757 |
Dec 30, 1970 |
3690554 |
|
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32333 |
Apr 27, 1970 |
|
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78117 |
Oct 5, 1970 |
3645449 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
239/17 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B05B
17/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B05B
17/08 (20060101); B05B 17/00 (20060101); B05b
017/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/16-19,DIG.16 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: King; Lloyd L.
Parent Case Text
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application is a continuation-in-part of my copending
application Ser. No. 102,757 filed Dec. 30, 1970, U.S. Pat. No.
3,690,554, for IMPROVED MULTI-TIER FOUNTAIN NOZZLE. That
application was filled as a continuation-in-part of copending
application Ser. No. 32,333 filed April 27, 1970, now abandoned,
and Ser. No. 78,117 filed Oct. 5, 1970, U.S. Pat. No.
3,645,449.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention pertains to ornamental water fountains and the like
and, more particularly, to an ornamental fountain having a
substantially horizontal discharge pattern, which pattern, if
desired, may be used to define the lower portion of a multi-tier
fountain pattern.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Review of the Prior Art
In the art of ornamental fountains, effort is continually being
expended to provide improved and novel aesthetic effects so that
fountains of increased ornamental appeal may be available to
architects, landscape designers and the like. The availability of
novel and aesthetically improved fountain effects makes it possible
to effectively use fountains in situations in parks, gardens and
the like where a fountain might not otherwise be possible.
In many fountain applications, it is desirable that the discharge
pattern produced by the fountain nozzle be appealing during both
day and night use. During the day, the fountain is lighted by
natural light, whereas at night the fountain pattern is
artificially lighted. Natural and articial light, for best
effectiveness, require different characteristics in the fountain
discharge pattern. For best visisbility of a fountain pattern
during the day, it is desirable that the discharge pattern be
defined of aerated water. On the other hand, in order that a
fountain may be effective during night to manifest a crystalline
refractive and reflective characteristic, it is desired that at
least a significant portion of the discharge pattern be defined by
water which is unaerated. Of course, fountain patterns defined by
aerated water effective at night as well as in the daytime, but are
not as effective and appealing at night as during the day.
In many instances, it is desirable that the fountain pattern when
lit during the day have an ornamental effect which is different in
mood and character from the effect produced by the fountain at
night under artificial lighting conditions.
It is desirable that the fountain nozzle structure be so arranged
that the nozzle operates with good efficiency in terms of the
capacity and power requirements of the pump used to provide water
to the fountain nozzle. Also, in order to obtain economies in
manufacture, it is desirable that a particular nozzle structure be
usable over a substantial range of water flowrates without
noticeable change in the aesthetic characteristics of the pattern
produced by the water discharged from the nozzle structure. The
ability of a fountain manufacturer to provide a single structure,
useful over a wide range of flowrates means, that a single nozzle
structure may be used with a number of fountain bowls. Also, such a
nozzle is particularly desirable to the user since a desired type
of discharge pattern can be provided over a wide range of flowrates
so that, on windy days, for example, the overall height of the
fountain pattern can be reduced, by throttling down the pump or the
like, to minimize the blowing of spray or mist into areas occupied
by viewers, all without materially affecting the basic aesthetic
characteristic of the fountain pattern.
Historically, the basic object of most water fountains is to direct
one or more streams of water vertically upwardly into the air where
the water streams can be visible. recently, however, particularly
with the adjunct of fountains as components of the heating and air
conditioning systems of office buildings, the possibility of
providing fountains with substantially horizontal discharge
patterns has developed. Horizontally discharging fountains may be
used in conjunction with sculptures in parks, and office plazas to
provide an aesthetically pleasing backdrop and counterpoint to the
adjacent sculpture. A significnt need now exists for the
development of improved horizontally discharging fountains,
particularly such fountains wherein the discharge pattern is of a
textured nature.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides an improved ornamental fountain nozzle.
Portions of the structure of the present nozzle may be used to
define a horizontally arranged fountain pattern having a novel and
significantly improved textured effect. Such a discharge pattern,
as noted above, is particularly effective when used in conjunction
with scultpures and the like, as well as in conjunction with
heating and air conditioning systems of buildings. The horizontally
discharging fountain patterns may also be used to define the lower
tier of a multi-tier fountain of improved aesthetic effect. When
used used in a multi-tier fountain, the present nozzle produces a
discharge pattern which is particularly effective during both day
and night under conditions of natural and artificial lighting,
particularly where the upper tiers of the fountain pattern are
defined by essentially non-aerated water. The use of the
improvements of the present invention make possible the provision
of a novel ornamental fountain discharge pattern which has notably
different aesthetic characteristics when artificially lighted at
night and when naturally lighted during the day. Furthermore, the
present invention provides a nozzle structure which has good
efficiency in terms of the capacity and power requirements of the
pump used to supply water to the nozzle. Nozzles according to this
invention provide a discharge pattern which is substantially
unaffected by water flowrate over a substantial range of flowrates.
All of these features and advantages are provided in a nozzle which
has no moving parts and which therefore is economical and
trouble-free to operate and which, in use, is not dependent for its
effectiveness upon the niceties of adjustment or the like.
Generally speaking, the present invention provides an ornamental
fountain nozzle which comprises an elongate tubular body defining
therein an internal chamber having a water inlet opening at its
lower end. Plug means are fixedly disposed across the chamber at
its upper end in spaced relation to the water inlet opening. Water
outlet means are provided from the chamber to the exterior of the
nozzle. The water outlet means comprise a plurality of water outlet
holes defined through the body for discharging water radially
laterally from the nozzle. The holes are defined at a location
between the water inlet opening and the plug means, which location
is more proximate to the plug means than to the water inlet
opening. The holes are uniformly spaced along the body from the
plug means and are spaced regularly along the circumference of the
body. Means are carried by the body proximate the holes for
modulating the flow of water from the chamber through the holes.
The effective area of the water inlet opening and of the waterflow
path between the inlet opening and the water outlet means is
greater than the effective waterflow area of the water outlet
means.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An ornamental fountain nozzle comprising an elongate tubular
body defining therein an internal chamber having a water inlet
opening thereto at the lower end of the chamber, plug means fixedly
disposed across the chamber at the upper end of the chamber in
spaced relation to the water inlet opening, water outlet means from
the chamber to the exterior of the nozzle, the water outlet means
comprising a plurality of water outlet holes defined through the
body for discharging water radially laterally from the nozzle, the
holes being defined at a location between the water inlet opening
and the plug means more proximate to the plug means than to the
water inlet opening, the holes being uniformly spaced along the
body from the plug means and spaced regularly along the
circumference of the body, and discharge modulating means carried
by the body proximate the holes for modulating the flow of water
from the chamber through the holes, the effective area of the water
inlet opening and of the water flow path between the inlet opening
and the water outlet means being greater than the effective water
flow area of the water outlet means.
2. A fountain nozzle according to claim 1 wherein the discharge
modulating means comprises a surface disposed substantially normal
to the body in cooperation with each of said holes.
3. A fountain nozzle accordint to claim 2 wherein the surface is
defined by a collar circumferentially intimately engaged with the
body proximate the holes.
4. A fountain nozzle according to claim 1 wherein the holes are
elongated in the direction of the length of the body, and the
collar is engaged with the exterior circumference of the body in
cooperation with the upper ends of the holes.
5. A fountain nozzle according to claim 4 wherein the collar has
substantial thickness radially of the body and is disposed to
partially close the upper ends of the holes.
6. A fountain nozzle according to claim 1 wherein the plug means
closes the chamber at a location spaced along the body from the
inlet opening and the water outlet means consist of said holes.
7. A fountain nozzle according to claim 6 wherein the holes are
regularly spaced about the entire circumferential extent of the
body.
8. A fountain nozzle according to claim 1 including elongate
tubular septum means coaxially disposed within the body and
extending from engagement with the plug means toward the chamber
inlet opening for dividing the chamber into a central cavity and an
annular cavity, means defining a water flow path from the chamber
inlet opening to the central and annular cavities, and wherein the
water outlet means further comprise a plurality of water flow
passages through the plug means from the central cavity to the
exterior of the nozzle.
9. A fountain nozzle according to claim 8 wherein the passages are
disposed in the plug means at regularly spaced locations proximate
the inner circumference of the septum means.
10. A fountain nozzle according to claim 9 wherein the water outlet
means from the central cavity consist of said passages.
11. A fountain nozzle according to claim 9 wherein the plug means
comprises an annulus engaged between the body and the septum means
for closing the upper end of the annular cavity and a central plug
disposed across the upper end of the septum means and having
substantial thickness relative to the mean transverse dimension of
the septum means proximately adjacent the central plug, and wherein
the passages are defined by a plurality of grooves formed in the
circumference of the central plug.
12. A fountain nozzle according to claim 9 wherein each passage is
disposed in a plane parallel to the elongate extent of the
body.
13. A fountain nozzle according to claim 12 wherein each passage is
inclined upwardly and outwardly of the body along its extent
through the plug means.
14. A fountain nozzle according to claim 8 wherein the annular
cavity is closed at its opposite ends between the body and the
septum means, and the means defining a water flow path from the
chamber inlet opening to the annular cavity comprise a plurality of
openings through the septum means adjacent the lower end of the
annular cavity, the openings having an aggregate effective water
flow area greater than the aggregate effective water flow area of
the water outlet holes.
15. An ornamental fountain nozzle comprising an elongate body
defining an internal chamber, means at a lower end of the body
adapting the body for connection to a source of pressurized water
for flow of water from the source into the chamber through a
chamber inlet opening, elongate tubular septum means coaxially
disposed within the body in water flow communication with the
chamber inlet opening for dividing the chamber into a central
cavity and an annular cavity, means defining a water flow path from
the chamber inlet opening to the annular cavity adjacent one end of
the annular cavity, means for closing the opposite ends of the
annular cavity, and water outlet means for the chamber having an
effective water flow area less than the effective water flow area
of the chamber inlet opening, the water outlet means comprising a
plurality of water outlet holes defined through the body from tne
annular cavity adjacent the other end of the annular cavity for
discharging water substantially radially laterally from the nozzle,
the water outlet holes being spaced regularly along the
circumferential extent of the body and having an aggregate
effective water flow area less than the effective flow area of said
path between the holes and the chamber inlet opening.
Description
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above-mentioned and other features of the present invention are
more fully set forth in the following detailed description of
presently preferred embodiments of the invention, which description
is presented with reference to the accompanying drawings,
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a multi-tier discharge pattern
provided by a nozzle according to this invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional elevation view of a fountain nozzle
useful to provide the discharge pattern shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a section view taken along line 3--3 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional elevation view of another nozzle
structure useful to provide a discharge pattern of the type shown
in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is an elevation view of another discharge nozzle useful to
provide a discharge pattern of a type represented by the lower tier
of the multi-tier discharge pattern illustrated in FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS
An improved ornamental fountain discharge pattern 10 is shown in
FIG. 1 to be produced by a fountain nozzle 11. Discharge pattern 10
is comprised of an upper tier 12 and a lower tier 13, the water
defining both tiers emanating from nozzle 11. Upper tier 12
preferably is defined by a plurality of individual water streams 14
each defined over a major portion of the length of the stream by
discrete droplets of essentially unairated crystalline water. In
contrast with upper tier 12, lower tier 13 is defined by water
which is substantially aerated. As the water of lower tier 13
emanates from fountain nozzle 11, the water streams are
substantially flat on top adjacent the fountain nozzle and have
significant width about the circumference of the nozzle so that
they appear to blend into each other adjacent the nozzle. In
effect, the several water streams emerging from the nozzle appear
to resemble fingers of water having a relatively massive effect. As
these fingers of water extend radially from nozzle 11, the somewhat
sheet-like appearance of the water stream adjacent the nozzle
disappears as the streams take on a rounded effect by virtue of the
effects of surface tension. Approximately one-third to one-half of
the way along each stream from nozzle 11, the several finger-like
streams of lower tier 13 break up into individual droplets of water
which fall to fountain pool 15 at the various points around a
circle within the larger circle at which the droplets defining
upper tier streams 14 fall to the fountain pool. Lower tier 13 is
particularly effective as an aesthetic contrast to the crystalline
appearance of upper tier 12. This contrast renders fountain
discharge pattern 10 particularly effective and appealing under
conditions of natural lighting during daylight hours as well as
under conditions of artificial lighting at night.
For reasons which are not yet completely understood, lower tier 13
functions as a lens for the lighting of upper tier 12 when suitable
lighting fixtures are disposed within fountain pool 15 adjacent
nozzle 11, preferably within the circle defined by the locations at
which the water defining the lower fountain tier falls to pool 15.
That is, despite the substantially aerated characteristic of the
water defining lower tier 13, a surprising portion of the light
directed upwardly to the fountain pattern from the submerged lights
passes through lower tier 13 to effectively light the entire upper
tier of the pattern. Where the submerged lights are of different
colors and are sequentially activated to illuminate fountain
pattern 10 with different color light, lower tier 13 effectively
diffuses the light to the entire fountain pattern. Thus, asingle
light (colored or white) located eccentrically from nozzle 11 is
effective to essentially uniformly light both the whole of lower
fountain pattern 13 as well as the whole of upper tier 12.
FIG. 2 is a cross-section view of a fountain nozzle 20 which may be
used effectively in place of fountain nozzle 11 to define an
ornamental fountain pattern identical to or very similar to
fountain pattern 10. FIG. 2 is taken along the vertical axis of
symmetry of the nozzle. Nozzle 20 includes an elongate tubular body
21 having its lower end connected to a circumferential mounting
member 22 which has a mounting flange 23 formed around its
exterior. Mounting member 22 is provided to define a portion of the
structure of nozzle 20 and also to provide a means by which nozzle
20 may be mounted to a suitable fountain base 24 concentrically of
a discharge opening 25 from a water supply chamber 26 formed within
the fountain base, Preferably, the fountain base with which nozzle
20 is used is a fountain base according to the disclosures of my
prior filed copending application Ser. No. 87,886 filed Nov. 9,
1970, Nozzle 20 preferably is secured to fountain base 24 by a
plurality of bolts 27 extended through mounting flange 23 and
threaded into tapped holes 28 provided for this purpose in the
upper portion of the fountain base concentrically about fountain
base discharge opening 25. A suitable gasket 29 is interposed
between the bottom surface 40 of the mounting member and the upper
portions of the fountain base, as shown.
Nozzle body 21 defines a chamber 30 within its interior, An
elongate tubular septum member 31 is disposed coaxially of and
within the body tube to subdivide chamber 30 into a central cavity
32 and an annular cavity 33. Plug means 34 are disposed across the
interior of body 21 adjacent its open upper end 35 to define the
upper ends of the central and annular cavities. Plug means 34 are
comprised of a central plug 36, disposed across the upper end of
septum member 31, and of an annular ring 37 disposed between the
exterior of septum member 31 and the interior surfaces of body
21.
As shown best in FIG. 2, it is preferred that the septum member be
supported within a central bore 38 formed axially through mounting
member 22 so that the lower end 39 of the septum member is disposed
below the lower surface 40 of mounting member 22. A suitable
connection of septum member 31 to mounting member 22 may be by way
of a press fit of the septum member within the bore of the mounting
member. The opening defined by the open lower end 39 of septum
member 31 constitutes the water inlet opening to nozzle 20 and to
chamber 30. The nozzle water inlet opening is communicated with
both central cavity 32 and annular cavity 33. Communication between
the nozzle water inlet opening and central cavity 32 is provided by
the interior of the septum member itself. Communication between the
nozzle inlet opening and annular cavity 33 is provided by a
plurality of apertures 41 formed through the septum member at
regularly spaced locations about its circumference at a location on
the septum member adjacent the lower end of annular cavity 33. The
lower end of the annular cavity is closed by the upper portion 42
of annular mounting member 22. The upper end of annular cavity 33
is closed by the bottom surface 43 of plug ring 37.
But for the presence of a plurality of grooves 45 defined in its
periphery, plug 36 closes the upper end 46 of the septum member,
Plug 36 has substantial length along septum member 31 in terms of
the diameter of the septum member at the location at which the plug
is disposed within the septum member. Preferably, plug 36 is
approximately square in that it has a length axially of the septum
member which is approximately equal to the diameter of the plug.
Preferably the plug is secured in the upper end of the septum
member by a press fit at such a location that only approximately
one-half the length of the plug is disposed within the septum
member below the upper end 46 of the septum member.
As shown best in FIGS. 2 and 3, grooves 45 are disposed at
regularly spaced locations about the circumference of plug 36 and
are defined in the side walls 47 of the plug. Each groove is
disposed in a plane extending radially from the center of the plug,
but has a base surface 48 which is inclined upwardly and outwardly
relative to the axis 44 of the nozzle; the base surface of each
groove is the surface of the groove which lies closest to the
center of the plug. preferably, each groove has parallel side walls
49 which are disposed substantially radially of the plug. It is
preferred that grooves 45 be spaced from each other about the
circumference of the plug by a distance approximately equal to the
spacing between the side walls 49 of each groove, and it is also
preferred that all of grooves 45 be essentially identical to each
other. Grooves 45 communicate with central cavity 32 through the
lower surface 50 of plug 36, and communicate at their upper ends to
the exterior of nozzle 20.
As shown best in FIG. 3, it is preferred that grooves 45 be defined
so that their upper ends open through plug side wall surface 47
about the septum member, rather than through the upper surface 51
of the plug. It is within the scope of this invention, however,
that, if desired, grooves 45 may communicate through the upper and
lower surfaces of the plug. In any event, each of grooves 45 is
open through the side surfaces of the plug, and it is preferred
that the upper end 46 of septum member 31 be defined free of burrs
with a relatively sharp corner relative to the plug side wall
surfaces so that water flowing through the grooves passes cleanly
past the upper end of the septum member and does not interact with
the upper end of the septum member to produce mist of fine spray in
the upper tier 12 of fountain pattern 10.
The flow path of water flowing from the nozzle inlet opening to the
upper portion of central cavity 32 is through an annular collar 53
disposed within the septum member proximately above apertures 41.
Collar 53 has a central bore 54, and preferably has a lower surface
55 disposed substantially perpendicular to the length of septum
member 31 and to the length of bore 54 through the collar. Collar
53 provides a throttling effect upon water flowing through the
septum member toward plug 36 to provide a degree of control over
the volume of water passing through grooves 45 relative to the
volume of water passing through holes 56 formed in body 21 below
but adjacent to plug ring 37. Annular collar 53 also serves to
eliminate any venturi effect at and across apertures 41 due to the
water flowing from the nozzle inlet opening toward central plug 36.
The effective waterflow area through the nozzle inlet opening and
through annular collar 53 is greater than the net effective
waterflow area from central cavity 33 through grooves 45 to the
exterior of nozzle 20.
Because plug 36 has its side walls 47 intimately engaged with the
inner diameter of septum member 31 between adjacent ones of grooves
45, the water which emerges from central cavity 32 to the exterior
of the nozzle during the operation of the nozzle emerges as
discrete streams of essentially non-aerated water. These water
streams, corresponding to streams 14 shown in FIG. 1, pass upwardly
and outwardly from the axis of the nozzle along trajectories
defined initially by the slope of groove base surfaces 48. As these
water streams emerge from groove 45, they are coherent, i.e.,
resemble a continuous stream of water. As the water moves from the
nozzle, the coherence of the stream is lost and the stream changes
to a plurality of Individual crystalline droplets of water of
substantial size. These crystalline water droplets act as prisms to
natural and artificial light, with the result that the upper tier
of fountain pattern 10 is readily visible and attractive when
illuminated both by sunlight and by artificial light.
Grooves 45 comprise water outlet means from nozzle 20. The water
outlet means of the nozzle are further comprised of a plurality of
holes 56 formed through nozzle body 21 at a location between the
upper and lower ends of annular cavity 33, but at a location on
body 21 more proximate to plug ring 37 than to the nozzle inlet
opening. The holes are uniformly spaced along the body from the
plug ring and also are spaced regularly along the circumference of
the body. In nozzle 20, holes 26 are formed at regular intervals
around the entire circumference of the body. It is within the scope
of this invention, however, that a nozzle similar to nozzle 20 may
be provided for use against a wall or the like, in which case holes
56 may be distributed uniformly along an arc of 180.degree. about
the circumference of nozzle body 21. As shown best in FIG. 2, holes
56 preferably are defined as a plurality of identical slots having
their length aligned with the elongate extent of tubular body 21.
The holes are formed so that their boundary surfaces as defined by
body 21 are disposed substantially perpendicular to the axis of the
body. The total water flow area defined by the several holes 56 is
less than the aggregate water flow area of openings 41 through
septum member 31, and less than the water flow area of the nozzle
inlet opening defined at the lower end of the septum member.
An annular collar 57 is intimately engaged circumferentially of
body 21 approximately adjacent hole 56 for modulating the flow of
water from annular cavity 33 through the holes to the exterior of
the nozzle. In nozzle 20, annular collar 57 is disposed about the
exterior of the body tube. Collar 57 has a lower surface 58 which
preferably is disposed in a plane perpendicular to the elongate
extent of the body tube. As shown in FIG. 2, the modulating annular
collar is positioned on the body tube to overlap a portion of the
upper ends of slot holes 56 so that the water streams emerging from
the nozzle through holes 56 impinges upon and is affected by the
lower surface 58 of the modulating collar. It is this interaction
between the collar and the water streams emerging from holes 56
which gives the initial flattop configuration to the water streams
of lower tier 13 of fountain pattern 10, as described above. Once
the optimum position of modulating collar 57 on body tube 21
relative to holes 56 has been determined for the best aesthetic
effect, the collar is fixedly secured to the body tube as by a
plurality of pins 59 passed radially through the collar into the
body tube.
In a presently preferred nozzle of the type shown in FIG. 2, body
tube 21, modulating collar 57, central plug 36 and plug ring 37 are
defined of polyvinyl chloride, and lacking pins 59 may take the
form of small nails or the like driven through the modulating
collar into the body tube. Also, in this nozzle, deptum member 31
is defined by thin-walled brass tubing.
FIG. 2 also illustrates that the upper end 35 of body tube 21 is
disposed above the upper surface 51 of central plug 36. In this
manner, the upper portion of the body tube serves as an ornamental
and masking shroud to the structure of the nozzle defined by
central plug 36. The annulus between the side walls 47 of central
plug 36 and the inner walls of the body tube, and the spacing
between the upper end of the body tube and the upper end of the
central plug, are defined in such manner that the water streams
which emerge from plug grooves 45 do not interact with the upper
portion of body tube 21. It is within the scope of this invention,
however, that, if desired, the upper end of the body tube may be
defined at about the location of the upper surface of plug ring
37.
A flow control strainer assembly 60 is carried by the lower end of
septum member 31 below mounting member 22 and is of sufficiently
small diameter that the strainer assembly may be passed through
mounting base discharge opening 25 so that the majority of the
structure of the strainer assembly may be disposed within water
supply chamber 26 of the mounting base. The strainer assembly
includes a mounting collar 61 engaged with the outer circumference
of the septum member below the mounting member. Gasket 29 is held
captive between the upper surfaces of the mounting collar and the
lower surface 40 of the mounting member. The upper end of a
cylinder 62 of perforated metal is connected to mounting collar 61
to depend from the mounting collar coaxially of septum member 31.
The lower end of cylinder 62 is closed by a solid closure member
63. The length and circumference of cylinder 62 are selected in
conjunction with the size of the individual perforations in the
cylinder such that the net effective water flow area through
cylinder 62 is at least as great as, and preferably greater than,
the area of the nozzle inlet opening defined by the open lower end
of the septum member. Strainer assembly 60 is arranged so that the
low of water to nozzle 20 from water supply chamber 26 is radially
of the nozzle through perforated cylinder 62, rather than axially
of the nozzled directly from the water supply chamber.
The presence of perforated cylinder 62 circumferentially of the
nozzle inlet opening assures that the supply of water to the nozzle
along any radius of the nozzle inlet opening is essentially
identical to the way in which water is supplied to the nozzle
opening along any other radius. As a result, a velocity profile
taken along any plane diametrically of the nozzle adjacent the
nozzle inlet opening is uniform and essentially identical to the
velocity profile taken along any other plane diametrically of the
nozzle, This flow characteristic of water into nozzle 20 assures
symmetry in the discharge from the nozzle through grooves 45 and
holes 56, thereby assuring, to the maximum extent possible, that
the upper and lower tiers of fountain pattern 10 are symmetrical
about the centerline axis of nozzle 20. The presence of flow
controlling strainer assembly 60 at the lower end of the nozzle
also assures reproducibility, in use, of the aesthetic
characteristics programmed into nozzle 20 by the manufacturer at a
location remote from the site of use. It has also been found that
the presence of flow controlling strainer assembly 60 significantly
contributes to the ability of nozzle 20 to produce a desired
aesthetic pattern over a wide range of water flowrates supplied and
passed through the nozzle. The strainer assembly also filters out
large particles of solid matter from the water supplied to the
nozzle, thereby assuring that solid particles cannot clog the
outlet openings of the nozzle either at grooves 45 or at holes
56.
Another nozzle 100, useful for producing a multi-tier fountain
pattern similar to fountain pattern 10 shown in FIG. 1, is
illustrated in FIG. 4. An inspection of FIGS. 2 and 4 will show
that nozzles 20 and 100 are similar to each other. Accordingly, to
the extent that elements of nozzle 20, as described above, find
counterparts, either structurally or in essential functional
identity, in the elements of nozzle 100, the corresponding elements
of nozzle 100 have been assigned character numbers which are
increased by 100 over the corresponding character numbers set forth
in FIG. 2. For example, in nozzle 20, the body tube is assigned
reference numeral 21; in nozzle 100, the body tube is assigned
reference numeral 121. To simplify the description of nozzle 100,
it will be understood that to the extent that corresponding
structural elements are found in nozzles 20 and 100, the previous
description pertinent to nozzle 20 concerning positional
relationships and the relative sizes of openings and the like are
also pertinent to nozzle 100.
In nozzle 100, nozzle body 121 is secured to a suitable fountain
base via a mounting flange 123 which has a plurality of holes 66
formed through it about the circumference of the nozzle body
parallel to the length of the nozzle body. The holes adapt the
mounting flange for bolting connection to a suitable support and
water supply fountain base. Nozzle 100 differs from nozzle 20 in
that body tube 121 is engaged in a central bore 67 through mounting
flange 123. The body tube has its lower end 68 disposed below the
lower surface 140 of the mounting flange within a flow controlling
strainer assembly 160. The inlet opening to nozzle 100 is defined
by the open lower end 68 of body tube 121, the interior of which
defines chamber 130. The upper portion of the chamber is subdivided
into a central cavity 132 and an annular cavity 133 by tubular
septum member 131 which has its lower end 139 disposed within the
body tube above the mounting flange. The lower end of annular
cavity 133 is closed by an annular collar 69 having its outer
diameter snugly mated with the inner diameter of the body tube, and
having its inner diameter snugly mated to the outer diameter of the
septum member. Apertures 141 are provided through the septum member
above collar 69 to provide the desired water flow communication
between chamber 130 below the collar and annular cavity 133.
Nozzle 100 is essentially a somewhat smaller version of nozzle 20.
In a presently preferred form of nozzle 100, body tube 121 as well
as septum member 131, is defined of thin-wall brass tubing. It has
been found that for best performance of nozzles according to this
invention, it is desired that the slot holes 56 or 156 through the
nozzle body from the adjacent annular cavity have side walls
extending radially of the nozzle for an appreciable distance,
thereby to give some definition to the water streams provided by
the water emerging from the slot holes.
In the case of holes 56 of nozzle 20, the desired definition of the
water stream is assured where body tube 21 is defined by polyvinyl
chloride tubing, such tubing being of substantially greater wall
thickness than thin-wall brass tubing. In nozzle 100, on the other
hand, the thickness of the thin-wall brass tubing relied upon to
define body tube 121 is insufficient to give the desired definition
to the water streams formed by water emerging from slot holes 156.
Accordingly, a sleeve 70 is intimately engaged with the exterior
circumference of body tube 121 over at least that portion of the
length of the body tube through which slot holes 156 are formed; as
shown in FIG. 4, it is preferred that sleeve 70 extend from a
location below, but proximate to, the lower end of the slot holes
to a point essentially coextensive with the upper end 135 of the
body tube. In a presently preferred form of nozzle 100, sleeve 70
is defined by polyvinyl chloride tubing. Slot holes 156 are formed
through body tube 121 and sleeve 70, as shown best in FIG. 4. Water
stream modulating annular ring 157 is engaged with the outer
circumference of sleeve 70 at such location along the sleeve that
its lower surface 158 is disposed at a desired position below the
upper ends of slot holes 156. Collar 157 is fixed in its desired
position along the length of the nozzle by locking pins 155 driven
through the material of the collar into the material of sleeve
70.
It will be observed that nozzle 100 does not include a counterpart
of annular collar 53 of nozzle 20. It has been found that in
nozzles of the type represented by nozzle 100 (the same being a
smaller version of the nozzle represented by nozzle 20), the
anti-venturi effect of collar 53 is not required. The flow
regulating functions provided by collar 53 in nozzle 20 are
provided in nozzle 100 by appropriate selection of the relative
diameters of the body tube and the septum member, and by the sizing
of apertures 141 and slot holes 156 relative to the effective water
flow area of grooves 145.
Another nozzle 80, shown in FIG. 5, is arranged to provide a
discharge pattern like that of the lower tier 13 of fountain
pattern 10. That is, nozzle 80 differs from nozzles 20 and 100,
described above, in that nozzle 80 produces a single horizontally
disposed discharge tier, whereas nozzles 20 and 100 produce a
multi-tier discharge pattern in which the lower tier is similar to
the single-tier discharge pattern produced by nozzle 80.
Further, an inspection of FIGS. 2 and 5 will show that nozzle 80
incorporates many of the same structural elements as nozzle 20 in
the same positional and dimensional relationship to each other as
in nozzle 20. Nozzle 80, however, differs from nozzle 20 by the
elimination of certain of the structure described above as
components of nozzle 20. Accordingly, for the simplification of the
description and illustration of nozzle 80, to the extent that
nozzles 20 and 80 incorporate identical or closely similar
structural elements, to the same extent like reference numerals are
used in both FIGS. 2 and 5.
A presently preferred form of nozzle 80 includes a body tube 21
fabricated of polyvinyl chloride tubing and a septum member 31
defined of thin-wall brass tubing.
In nozzle 80, a plug member 81 has its periphery intimately engaged
with the inner walls of body tube 21 to close the body tube and
chamber 30 therein at the upper end 35 of the body tube. A circular
recess 82 is provided concentric to the nozzle axis in the lower
surface 83 of the plug and has a diameter corresponding to upper
end diameter of septum member 31 to receive the upperend 46 of the
septum member. In this manner, septum member 31 subdivides chamber
30 into a central cavity 32 and an annular cavity 33.
The water outlet means from nozzle 80 consists only of slot holes
56 formed through the body tube and with which flow modulating
annular collar 57 cooperates in the manner described above as to
nozzle 20. A flow controlling strainer assembly 60 is carried by
the lower end of the septum member below mounting member 22. The
open lower end of the septum member defines the water inlet opening
to nozzle 80 and has a water flow area which is equal to or
somewhat less than the water flow area provided through perforated
screen cylinder 62 of the strainer assembly, Also, the effective
water flow area of the nozzle inlet opening is greater than the
effective water flow area of all of slot holes 56. The effective
water flow area of holes 41, provided through the septum member
above the upper end 42 of the mounting member adjacent the lower
portion of annular cavity 33, is also greater than the effective
water flow area of all of slot holes 56.
Nozzle 80 is particularly useful to define low, horizontally
disposed fountain discharge patterns of substantially aerated
opaque water. Such fountain patterns are an effective counterpoint
and contrast to pieces of sculpture and the like with which nozzles
80 and the discharge patterns produced by them may be used to
advantage. Like nozzles 20 and 100, nozzle 80 has the
characteristic that the discharge pattern produced by the nozzle
maintains its desired aesthetic characteristic over a wider range
of water flowrates through the nozzle. If desired, septum member 31
can be deleted in nozzle 80 between the upper end of mounting
member 22 and plug member 81.
Workers skilled in the art to which this invention pertains will
appreciate that the foregoing description of certain presently
preferred nozzles according to this invention has been by way of
illustration and example in furtherance of an explanation of the
principles of this invention and of the basic structural
characteristics and organizational relationship possessed by such
nozzles. The foregoing description has not been presented as, nor
should it be interpreted as, an exhaustive exposition of all forms
which nozzles according to this invention may take. Workers skilled
in the art to which this invention pertains will appreciate that
changes, alterations, modifications to the specific structures
described above may be practiced without departing from the spirit
of this invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description should
not be regarded as limiting the scope of this invention.
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