U.S. patent number 3,748,495 [Application Number 05/205,088] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-24 for beacon marker interrupt device.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Narco Scientific Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to Norman A. Messinger.
United States Patent |
3,748,495 |
Messinger |
July 24, 1973 |
BEACON MARKER INTERRUPT DEVICE
Abstract
Apparatus for providing adjustable time-limited attenuation of a
marker beacon receiver audio signal, comprising a variable
attentuator connected between the audio signal source and the audio
signal output, and shunted by a normally closed timer switch. An
adjustable RC timing circuit, actuated by an automatic or manually
operable mute switch, drives a two state amplifier, the output of
which is connected to and operates the timer switch.
Inventors: |
Messinger; Norman A. (Center
Square, PA) |
Assignee: |
Narco Scientific Industries,
Inc. (Ft. Washington, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
22760749 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/205,088 |
Filed: |
December 6, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
327/308; 327/306;
327/310; 330/51; 455/218 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H03G
3/3015 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H03G
3/30 (20060101); H03k 005/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;179/1SW,1VL ;325/478
;307/237,293 ;330/51 ;328/168,169,172,173 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Miller, Jr.; Stanley D.
Claims
I claim:
1. Apparatus for timed interruption of a marker beacon audio
signal, comprising:
a. attenuator means, connected in the path of said audio signal,
and having switchable attenuating and non-attenuating states and an
input for receiving a switching signal;
b. switching signal means, for switching said attenuator means into
one of said states, having an output connected to said input of
said attenuator means, and having first and second input terminals,
the output of said switching signal means switching said attenuator
means to a first low attenuation state when the signal connected to
said first input terminal is greater than the signal connected to
said second input terminal, and driving said attenuator means to a
second high attenuation state when the signal connected to the
second input terminal is greater than the signal connected to the
first input terminal,
c. timing means, connected to said first and second inputs, and
adapted to provide a time varying signal to one of said inputs, and
a constant signal to the other of said inputs said constant signal
being such that said switching means normally maintains said
attenuator means in its low attenuation state, and
d. switch means, connected to said timing means for triggering said
timing means through a timing cycle, whereby said switching circuit
means switches said attenuator means into said attenuating state,
causing attenuation of said audio signal during such timing
cycle.
2. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein said attenuator
means comprises a variable resistor shunted by a semiconductor
switch.
3. The apparatus as described in claim 2, wherein said
semiconductor switch is an enhancement mode FET.
4. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein said switching
signal means comprises a comparator amplifier.
5. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein said timing means
comprises an RC circuit, with a variable resistor.
6. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein said timing means
includes a divider circuit for determining the relative amplitudes
of the signals connected to said first and second input terminals
respectively.
7. A method for providing a timed interruption of a detected marker
beacon audio signal in an aircraft, comprising:
a. detecting the approximate peak of said audio signal,
corresponding to the point where said aircraft is substantially
over the transmitter of said marker beacon;
b. attenuating said audio signal by switchably placing an
attenuator in the electrical path of said detected audio
signal;
c. automatically maintaining said attenuator in said path for a
predetermined time; and
d. automatically removing said attenuator after said predetermined
period is timed.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention lies in the field of audio muting devices and, more
particularly, devices for providing adjustable time period muting
of an aircraft marker beacon receiver audio output.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In an airport instrument landing system, commonly referred to as
ILS, a pair of marker beacons are provided in line with the runway,
the purpose of which beacons is to provide information to the pilot
concerning the ground distance of the plane from the runway. The
marker beacons consist of relatively thin fan-shaped radio beams
directed generally vertically from the ground, with each beacon
radiating approximately 2 watts at 75 megahertz. The "outer"
marker, generally located 4 to 7 miles from the end of the runway,
carries a 400 Hz modulation which is received and detected as an
audio signal, generally two dashes per second. A "middle" marker is
placed about 3,500 feet from the end of the runway, and is
modulated at 1,300 Hz in the form of a dot and dash signal. Thus,
as the pilot brings his aircraft in toward the runway along the
localizer path, he first receives an audio signal from the outer
marker beacon, which audio signal is maintained as long as the
plane is passing through the pattern of the outer marker beacon.
After passing through such outer marker beacon, at some subsequent
point the plane enters the middle marker beacon, where the middle
marker audio signal is detected and maintained while the plane
passes through such middle beacon.
In practice, the aircraft receiver which produces the audio signal
is without any volume control circuitry, such that as the plane
enters a marker beacon pattern, the marker audio signal increases
in intensity until the aircraft is approximately directly over the
beacon transmitter, and then decreases until the plane is entirely
out of the beacon pattern. For typical approach speeds, the beacon
signal may be picked up 15 to 25 seconds before the audio peak, and
will be maintained for a comparable amount of time after such peak.
As is well known by those familiar with ILS flight operation, the
beacon audio signal may be very bothersome, particularly when noted
that for at least half of its duration it is not providing any
information, since the aircraft operator has already noted his
position. Consequently, there is a great desire among aircraft
operators for the capability of attenuating the beacon audio signal
after the pilot detects the audio peak. However, a simple
audio-attenuator device, whereby the pilot would limit the audio
volume, would not be feasible, since in many instances the pilot
would not remember to turn the audio signal back on and would
consequently miss the signal provided by the middle beacon. There
thus exists a need for an efficient and reliable device for
obtaining a timed attenuation of the marker beacon audio signal,
such that the pilot can attenuate the signal when he so desires,
and yet have the beacon circuit ready to provide the audio signal
upon passage through the next marker.
Another application where there is a need for a marker beacon
interrupt device is where a pilot is flying his plane over an
airport, but without intention of entering the flight pattern at
such airport. This commonly occurs during cross country flights,
and particularly where VOR stations are located at or near an
airport. In such situations, the pilot desires to attenuate the
beacon audio signal while in the vicinity of the airport. However,
here again, if the pilot simply turned off the beacon audio volume,
he quite likely would forget to turn it back after leaving the
range of the beacon, and could well miss it when it was needed at a
later time during the flight.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the primary components of the
marker beacon interrupt device of this invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electrical circuitry
comprising the marker beacon interrupt device of this
invention.
FIG. 3 shows an alternate form of muting switch used in this
invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is a primary object of this invention to provide a device for
interrupting the marker beacon receiver audio signal in an airplane
for an adjustable duration of time.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a device for
attenuating the marker beacon audio signal received in an airplane
for a duration of time, after which duration of time the marker
beacon audio signal is received in the normal manner. The duration
may be internally adjusted in accordance with the aircraft approach
speed.
In accordance with the above objectives, there is provided an
adjustable attenuator which is placed in series with the marker
beacon audio output, which attenuator is shunted by a normal closed
electronic gate, which gate is switchably operated by a two-state
operational amplifier with an RC timing circuit connected to one of
its inputs. Operation of a mute switch connected to the RC circuit
holds the amplifier in a second state for appreciably the discharge
time of the RC circuit, thus holding the gate in an open position,
and placing the variable attenuator in the path of the marker
beacon audio signal. Upon discharge of the timing circuit, the
amplifier returns to its first state, and the attenuator is again
shunted by the low impedance closed gate.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1, the operation of the device of this
invention is shown in block diagram form. The audio signal input,
appearing at terminal 22, is connected to output terminal 23
through attenuator 21. The means of deriving the audio signal in
the receiver, and transmitting it to terminal 22 with sufficient
power, is well known in the art, and does not form a part of this
invention. Attenuator 21 comprises a normally closed electrically
actuated gate, or switch, having a gate input terminal which is
connected to a timer 25. The normal output from timer 25 allows the
switch to exist in its closed position. Timer 25 is powered by a
voltage regulator 26, and is set in motion by momentary manual or
automatic operation of mute switch 27. When switch 27 is closed,
timer 25 produces a timed output signal which causes the switch to
open, thereby placing an attenuator impedance directly in series
between terminals 22 and 23, thus providing the desired
attenuation. At the end of the preset time period, the output
signal from timer 25 reverts to its prior state, such that the
attenuating impedance is again shunted, in which state attenuator
21 introduces minimal insertion loss.
Referring now to FIG. 2, attenuator 21 is shown to be preferably
comprised of a variable resistance 40 (suitably a manually
adjustable potentiometer) in parallel with an enhancement mode FET
41. FET 41 has its output terminals tied to terminals 22 and 23
respectively, and is in an "on" condition, and provides a
substantially closed switch (very low impedance) shunting resistor
40 when its gate G is open or is driven by a low voltage signal.
Consequently, under normal conditions resistor 40 provides no
attenuation of the audio signal, with only minimal insertion loss
due to the presence of FET 41 in the circuit.
DC power, designated A+, is connected to terminal 28 from any
external voltage source. The A+ voltage is regulated through
resistor 29 and zener diode 30, to provide a regulated DC voltage
of about 10 volts between terminal 44 and ground. With this
regulator, the line voltage supplied at terminal 28 may drop as low
as 10 volts, and in practice may be as high as about 32 volts. The
regulated voltage is supplied through two paths to the two input
terminals 38-1 and 38-2 of comparator-amplifier unit 38. Unit 38 is
a bi-stable IC device, such as is commercially available from
National Semiconductor Corporation, Motorola, or Fairchild Camera.
It has a characteristic of providing a low output (about 2 volts)
when the voltage on terminal 38-2 is plus with respect to the
voltage on terminal 38-1, and a high output (about 9 volts) when
the voltage on terminal 38-2 is below, or less plus than that on
terminal 38-1. The voltage on terminal 38-1 is provided by the
voltage divider comprising resistors 36 and 37 connected between
terminal 44 and ground, which divider provides a fixed fraction of
the regulated voltage. The voltage on terminal 38-2 is provided by
the RC circuit comprising capacitor 31 and the parallel combination
of resistors 32 and 33 in series with current limiting resistor
34.
Capacitor 31 is connected between terminal 44, carrying the
regulated voltage, and input terminal 38-2. Connected across
capacitor 31 is a resistive path consisting of resistor 32 and
variable resistor 33 in parallel, which parallel combination is in
turn connected in series with resistor 34. Terminal 38-2 is also
connected through muting switch 27 to ground. Switch 27 may be any
manual or automatic momentary closed type switch which, when
closed, provides a sufficiently low conductance path between
terminal 38-2 and ground to permit capacitor 31 to substantially
discharge. For example, as illustrated at FIG. 3, switch 27 may
consist of a transistor switch, as shown at 27-Q, which is turned
on for a short interval by a signal derived from the marker beacon
audio, suitably processed, and connected to transistor input
terminal 27-N. Suitably, the approximate peak of the audio signal
is detected, corresponding to the point where the aircraft is
substantially over the transmitter of the marker beacon and then
transistor switch 27-Q is gated on.
In operation, with switch 27 open, the voltage on terminal 38-2 is
appreciably the regulated voltage derived across the zener diode,
and is more positive than the divided voltage on terminal 38-1.
Consequently, the output of unit 38 is low, holding the switch 41
in a closed condition. When switch 27 is closed, terminal 38-2 is
driven to ground, such that it is less positive than terminal 38-1,
causing a high output signal from unit 38, and causing switch 41 to
open and place the attenuator resistor 40 in the audio circuit.
During the brief moment that switch 27 is closed, capacitor 31
quickly charges to appreciably the regulated voltage, and after
switch 27 is again opened, the capacitor 31 discharges through
resistors 32, 33, and 34. Resistor 32 is suitably 500 K, and
resistor 33 is suitably a 500 K potentiometer. Resistor 34 is a low
value (suitably 2.2 K) current limiting resistor, to guard against
excess currents in case resistor 33 is made close to a short
circuit and switch 27 is closed. Thus, the time constant of the
timing circuit is appreciably determined by capacitor 31 and the
parallel combination of resistors 32 and 33. By varying resistor
33, the time constant can, of course, be varied. As soon as
capacitor 31 has discharged to a point where the voltage on
terminal 38-2 becomes equal to or greater than that on terminal
38-1, the output of unit 38 reverts to its low state, FET 41
becomes essentially a closed switch, and attenuator resistor 40 is
effectively taken out of the circuit. Thus, the time period for
attenuation, during which resistor 40 attenuates the audio signal,
is determined both by the RC constant and the voltage divider 36,
37, since unit 38 switches when the compared signals on its two
inputs reverse in relative magnitude.
From the above, it is seen that the apparatus of this invention
provides a simple, efficient and reliable circuit for providing an
aircraft with means for safe interruption of a marker beacon audio
signal. The amount of audio attenuation provided during the timing
cycle is adjustable by varying resistor 40. It has been found that
by using a 500 K pot for resistor 40, audio attenuation can be
adjusted between 2 db and 60 db, assuming a 600 ohm source and load
impedance. FET 41 provides a minimal insertion loss of 2 db for a
600 ohm system. Further, the period of audio interrupt may be
conveniently varied by adjusting pot 33, to provide the correct
interrupt period according to approach speed and/or other factors.
For applications where a timed interrupt might not be desirable,
the marker beacon audio signal may be processed to first detect the
peak, and then detect when the audio level has dropped back down to
a pre-determined level. When the lower level is reached, a re-set
signal is derived to re-set the attenuator switch.
The apparatus of this invention may be easily installed in an
aircraft without disruption of the existing navigation electrical
system. Both the audio input and output terminals may be maintained
at ground reference. If the line voltage,A+, is removed or lost,
the circuit reverts to the minimum attenuation state, due to the
normal closed condition of FET 41. Muting control is effected by a
single wire which is switched to ground, and operation of the
muting switch does not introduce any pops, cracks or other
transients into the audio signal.
* * * * *