U.S. patent number 3,747,851 [Application Number 05/248,335] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-24 for swirl air nozzle.
Invention is credited to Sherman E. Conrad.
United States Patent |
3,747,851 |
Conrad |
July 24, 1973 |
SWIRL AIR NOZZLE
Abstract
A nozzle for discharging a swirling atomized fluid includes a
vortex chamber defined in the nozzle body, a gas inlet tangentially
communicating with the chamber and a liquid inlet axially
communicating with the chamber wherein the liquid is mixed with the
swirling gas in the chamber. An impingement member is positioned in
the path of fluid flowing from the chamber having a primary impact
surface in the chamber upon which the swirling mixture impinges and
a secondary impact surface adjacent to, but spaced from, the nozzle
discharge opening upon which the swirling mixture also impinges as
it is being discharged from the nozzle.
Inventors: |
Conrad; Sherman E. (Des Moines,
IA) |
Family
ID: |
26888602 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/248,335 |
Filed: |
April 27, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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193023 |
Oct 27, 1971 |
3693886 |
Sep 26, 1972 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
239/8; 239/427;
239/524; 239/403; 239/432 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B05B
7/0416 (20130101); B05B 7/10 (20130101); B05B
1/265 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B05B
1/26 (20060101); B05B 7/04 (20060101); B05B
7/02 (20060101); B05B 7/10 (20060101); B05b
007/10 (); B05b 001/26 (); B05b 007/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/399,403,406,427,427.3,432,433,463,467,468,472,488,500,512,518,524,8,9 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Ward, Jr.; Robert S.
Parent Case Text
This is a division of application Ser. No. 193,023, filed Oct. 27,
1971 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,693,886 issued Sept. 26, 1972
Claims
What is claimed is
1. A method of finely atomizing liquids comprising the steps
of:
introducing a liquid to be atomized into a swirling mass of
gas,
mixing said liquid and swirling mass of gas together to produce a
swirling mixture,
flowing said swirling mixture over a first impingement surface to
impinge said mixture upon said surface,
flowing said swirling mixture through a passage having minimum
cross section downstream of said first impingement surface to
increase the velocity of said swirling mixture,
expanding the swirling mixture while flowing the swirling mixture
over a second impingement surface downstream of said first
impingement surface and said minimum cross section of said passage
to impinge said mixture upon said second surface downstream of said
minimum cross section, and
discharging said mixture from said passage adjacent said second
impingement surface.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said liquid is introduced
substantially axially of said swirling mass of gas.
3. The method of claim 1 including discharging the swirling mixture
from said passage and then flowing the discharged mixture over said
second impingement surface.
Description
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to fluid nozzles and, more
particularly, to nozzles for discharging a swirling finely atomized
liquid.
Swirling fluid discharge nozzles have found wide application in a
variety of fields in which it is desired to minutely atomize
liquids. For example, such nozzles have found application in water
cooling, aerating, quenching, agricultural spraying and in slurry
spray drying systems. In addition, such nozzles have received wide
and considerable interest in various anti-pollution devices, such
as dust collectors and in the evaporative cooling and scrubbing of
stack gases. Such uses are but a few of the many applications in
which such swirling discharge atomization nozzles have been
employed where there is a need for high fluid flow rates and fine
atomization at low pressures.
The nozzle constructed in accordance with the principles of the
present invention is capable of producing very fine high quality
atomization at very low fluid pressures and high liquid flow rates.
In nozzles constructed in accordance with the principles of the
present invention, close control of spray angle may be readily
achieved and the degree of atomization may be closely and
accurately controlled without affecting the flow rate of the fluid
through the nozzle and, conversely, liquid flow rates through the
nozzle may be easily and readily modulated without adversely
affecting the quality of the atomization. In the nozzle constructed
in accordance with the principles of the present invention, small
fluid flow passages are unnecessary which might otherwise be
subject to clogging by particulate matter and other contaminates
which may be present in the fluid stream and external struts or
other supports are also unnecessary which might otherwise interfere
with the spray pattern. The nozzle of the present invention is well
adapted, both by its structure as well as the composition of
materials from which it may be constructed, to resist corrosion and
high temperature environments in which the nozzles may be employed.
In addition, the nozzle of the present invention may be readily
constructed so as to generate a sonic field in accordance with well
known principles so as to enhance evaporation of liquid droplets,
and the low gas flow rate and power requirements of the nozzle of
the present invention make possible the use of smaller compressors
or blowers for providing such gas. In the nozzle and method of
atomization incorporating the principles of the present invention,
not only is atomization effected by a vortical mixing action of the
fluids, but in addition atomization is substantially improved by
both primary and secondary impingement upon rigid surfaces of the
swirling mixed fluids.
In one principal aspect, the present invention comprises a nozzle
for discharging a swirling fluid having a body member defining a
fluid chamber and a discharge opening. First fluid inlet means
communicates eccentrically with the chamber for introducing a
swirling fluid to the chamber and second fluid inlet means
communicates with the chamber for introducing and mixing a fluid
into the swirling fluid in the chamber. Impingement means is
positioned in the nozzle upon which the swirling mixed fluid
impinges and includes first impact means in the chamber between the
discharge opening and the first fluid inlet means and second impact
means which is spaced downstream of the first impact means adjacent
the discharge opening.
In another principal aspect, the present invention comprises a
method of finely atomizing liquids, which includes the steps of
introducing a liquid to be atomized into a swirling mass of gas,
mixing the liquid and the swirling mass of gas together to produce
a swirling mixture, and impinging the swirling mixture upon a first
impingement surface and thence a second impingement surface.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present
invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following
detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
In the course of this description, reference will frequently be
made to the attached drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a preferred embodiment of swirl air
nozzle constructed and which operates in accordance with the
principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross sectioned side elevation view of the
embodiment of nozzle shown in FIG. 1 in assembled form; and
FIG. 3 is a cross sectioned end elevation view of the nozzle taken
substantially along line 3 - - 3 of FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A preferred embodiment of nozzle constructed and which operates in
accordance with the principles of the invention comprises a
substantially cubic nozzle body 10 having a vortex chamber 12 bored
therein which extends axially into the body from an opening 14
through one side 16 of the nozzle body. A threaded boss 18 is also
formed on another face 20 of the nozzle body. The boss 18 includes
an eccentrically bored passage 22 which extends through the boss
and communicates substantially tangentially with the essentially
cylindrical chamber 12. The boss is suitably threaded at 24 so as
to receive a suitable conduit or the like (not shown) for carrying
a gas, such as air or steam, to the passage 22 from whence it it
tangentially introduced into the chamber 12 such that a vortical
swirling motion is set up in the chamber.
In addition, an opening 26 also communicates with chamber 12
through another side 28 of the nozzle body and a suitable liquid
inlet fitting 30 is fitted into this opening and fixed to the
nozzle body as by weld 32. This fitting 30 includes a liquid
passage 33 therethrough and is also preferably threaded at 34 so as
to adapt it for coupling to a suitable liquid supply conduit (not
shown) through which the liquid, such as water, which is to be
atomized by the nozzle of the present invention is introduced
axially into the swirling vortical mass of gas in chamber 12.
The end of the chamber 12 adjacent opening 14 is also threaded
internally at 36 to receive a threaded metering nut 38. The
metering nut 38 includes an axially extending doubly tapered bore
40 therethrough which opens into a nozzle discharge opening 41.
Bore 40 preferably is formed with a predetermined minimum cross
sectional dimension at 42 and the bore is preferably constructed
such that the bore diameter progressively increases toward the ends
of the nut from the minimum diameter portion 42 thereof. Hence, it
will be seen that as fluid flows fom the left to the right, as
viewed for example in FIG. 2, the fluid will progressively increase
in velocity as it flows through the tapered portion 44 and
approaches the minimum diameter dimension 42 of the bore, and will
then expand as it is discharged from the bore, the increasing taper
of the tapered end portion 46 controlling the spray cone angle.
In the present invention, fine minute atomization is not only
achieved by the swirling vortical mixing of the gas and liquid both
in the vortex chamber 12 and the chamber passage formed by bore 40,
but the quality of atomization is substantially enhanced by the
provision of impingement member 48. The impingement member 48
comprises an elongate tapered pintle 50 having a flat upstream end
which forms an impact or impingement surface 52 facing the vortex
chamber 12. Impingement and extremely fine atomization in this
primary impingement zone A, which is located between the nozzle
discharge opening and inlet passages 22 and 33, is also enhanced by
a plurality of radially extending arms 54 which extend outward from
the flat impact surface 52. These arms 54 not only increase both
the area and perimeter of the primary impingement zone A as the
swirling mixture of gas and liquid flows from the chamber 12 into
bore 40 and through zone A, but also are of a length such that they
rest against a shouldered end surface 56 formed at the upstream end
of the metering nut 38 to position the impingement member 48 in
place in the assembled nozzle.
In addition, a secondary zone B of impingement is also effected by
the impingement member of the present invention. This secondary
zone is formed by a flat substantially circular disc 58 positioned
at the downstream end of the pintle 50 so as to define an annular
surface 60 which faces the discharge opening 41 of the metering nut
adjacent to, but spaced downstream slightly, from the discharge
opening.
It will be seen that the cross sectional annular area of the
passage or bore 40 between the pintle exterior surface 62 and the
side walls 64 of the bore through the metering nut 38 is somewhat
smaller than the cross section of the vortex chamber 12. Hence, the
velocity of the swirling mixture as it passes through this annular
passage 40 will increase to further effect turbulence in the
mixture which, in turn, further enhances atomization. It will also
be seen that the nozzle capacity and discharge characteristics may
be easily and readily varied simply by changing the cross sectional
dimension of this annular passage 40 by the simple substitution of
either a different metering nut having a different diameter bore or
an impingement member having a different cross sectional dimension,
or both, so as to vary the cross sectional dimension of the fluid
flow passage through the metering nut.
Although it is believed that the operation of the present invention
is clear from the foregoing description of the preferred
embodiment, a brief description of the operation is as follows:
Gas, such as air or steam, is introduced to the vortex chamber 12
by way of eccentric passage 22. Since passage 22 enters chamber 12
substantially tangentially, a swirling vortical mass of gas is
present in chamber 12. To this swirling gas mass, the liquid to be
atomized, for example water, is axially introduced through passage
33 and is mixed with the gas in chamber 12 to produce a swirling
mixture of gas and atomized liquid.
This swirling mixture then passes through primary impingement zone
A where it impinges upon surface 52 and arms 54 further improving
the quality of liquid atomization.
As the swirling mixture leaves zone A, its velocity is
progressively increased and then the mixture is rapidly expanded as
it passes through the decreasing tapered portion 44, the minimum
dimensioned portion 42, and the increasing tapered portion 46 of
bore 40, and is discharged through opening 41. Thereby, further
turbulence and agitation of the swirling mixture is effected which
further improves the quality of atomization.
Finally, the swirling mixture impinges upon surface 60 of disc 58
in the secondary impingement zone B as the mixture is discharged
from opening 41 to further enhance atomization.
It has been found that in the operation of the present invention,
the quality or degree of atomization of the liquid may be readily
varied by controlling the gas to liquid ratio over a wide range of
flow rates. Also, if the gas pressure is initially set and it is
desired to modulate the liquid flow rate, the gas pressure change
and flow rate will automatically respond such that atomization
quality will remain substantially constant. This latter advantage
of the present invention will result in equipment savings by
eliminating gas valving and other necessary gas controls.
It should be understood that although air and steam have been set
forth herein as suitable gases and water as a suitable liquid, that
the principles of the invention are readily applicable to other
gases and liquids. It should also be understood that the embodiment
of the present invention which has been described is merely
illustrative of one of the applications of the principles of the
invention. Numerous modifications may be made by those skilled in
the art without departing from the true spirit and scope of the
invention.
* * * * *