U.S. patent number 3,747,472 [Application Number 05/209,247] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-24 for flexible cable hydraulic control means.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Applied Power Inc.. Invention is credited to Dale A. Knutson.
United States Patent |
3,747,472 |
Knutson |
July 24, 1973 |
FLEXIBLE CABLE HYDRAULIC CONTROL MEANS
Abstract
A hydraulic control system for controlling remotely positioned
hydraulic cylinders, the system including a number of hydraulically
actuated control valves which selectively communicate the hydraulic
cylinders to a pressure source, a proportional force amplifier for
each of the control valves for selectively opening and closing the
control valves, and a feed back assembly to control the amount of
movement of the hydraulic cylinders in accordance with the amount
of movement of the input lever.
Inventors: |
Knutson; Dale A. (Oconomowoc,
WI) |
Assignee: |
Applied Power Inc. (Milwaukee,
WI)
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Family
ID: |
22777982 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/209,247 |
Filed: |
December 17, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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156620 |
Jun 25, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
91/384; 60/719;
91/512; 91/522; 91/524; 60/471; 91/461; 91/519; 91/523; 91/529 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F15B
9/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F15B
9/00 (20060101); F15b 009/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;91/384,413,461,365,383
;60/52HE,97P,471,392,388 ;137/636.2 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Geoghegan; Edgar W.
Parent Case Text
RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation in part of my earlier filed
copending application Ser. No. 156,620 filed on June 25, 1971.
Claims
I claim:
1. A hydraulic control system for controlling the flow of hydraulic
fluid from a fluid pressure source to a plurality of hydraulic
piston and cylinder assemblies from a remote point comprising,
main valves for selectively connecting each of the cylinder
assmeblies to the fluid pressure source,
a yoke pivotally connected to each of said valves,
first means including a manual input lever operably connected for
moving each of said main valves to an open position, said first
means including a fixed guide and a flexible cable passing through
said fixed guide and being attached to one end of said yoke,
and
second means connected to said piston and cylinder assemblies for
moving each of said main valves in the reverse direction to the
direction of movement imparted by said manual input lever a
distance equal to the distance of movement of the lever to close
the valves, said second means including a second fixed guide and a
second flexible cable passing through said second cable and being
attached to the other end of said yoke, whereby the amount of
movement of the piston and cylinder assemblies is directly related
to the amount of movement of the lever.
2. The control system of claim 1 wherein each of said main valves
includes a spool valve slidably received in a housing having
inlet-outlet ports communicating with one of said piston and
cylinder assemblies, and pressure and tank ports, metering lands on
said spool valve normally closing said ports, said spool valve
having opposed first and second end surfaces defining first and
second chambers respectively with the ends of said housing, the
area of said first end surface being half that of said second end
surface, said first chamber being in constant communication with
said pressure source, a pilot valve coaxial with and slidably
received in an axial bore in said spool valve and operably
connected to said first and second means, first and second
passageways communicating with second chamber with said pressure
source and with a reservoir at tank pressure respectively, said
pilot valve extending across said passageways and selectively
communicating said second chamber with said pressure source and
reservoir to cause movement of one of said piston and cylinder
assemblies in response to movement of said first and second
cables.
3. The control system of claim 2 wherein said pilot valve has third
and fourth lands normally closing both said first and second
passageways respectively when said spool is in the balanced or null
position and wherein the axial spacing between said metering lands
is equal to the axial spacing between said passageways, said lands
defining a third chamber therebetween, a third passageway
constantly communicating said second chamber with said third
chamber, and whereby said pilot valve is shifted axially to uncover
one of said passageways in response to movement of said first means
thereby changing the pressure in said second chamber relative to
said constantly pressurized first chamber and causing movement of
said spool valve relative to said pilot valve until said first and
second passageways are again covered by the lands of said pilot
valve.
4. The system according to claim 1 including
a proportional force amplifier operatively connected to said main
valve,
said amplifier including a pilot valve,
said yoke being connected to said pilot valve.
5. The system according to claim 1 including,
a proportional force amplifier operatively connected to said main
valve, said amplifier including a housing having a cylindrical
chamber, a double faced piston mounted for axial movement in said
chamber and having a central passage, said piston separating said
chamber into a pressure chamber and a control chamber,
first and second passages in said piston connecting said pressure
and control chambers to said central passage, and a pilot valve
mounted for axial movement in said central piston passage for
selectively connecting said pressure chamber to said control
chamber.
6. The system according to claim 5 wherein said pilot valve
includes a central bore in communication with each end of said
valve whereby the fluid pressure action on each end of the valve is
equal.
7. A hydraulic control system for controlling the flow of fluid
under pressure to a plurality of hydraulic piston and cylinder
assemblies from a remote point comprising,
a normally closed main valve for each of said assemblies, each main
valve including a housing having a central bore and a spool valve
slidably received in said bore in saId housing,
a proportional force amplifier connected to control said spool
valve,
a universally movable manual input lever connected to actuate said
amplifier and open said main valve to actuate the corresponding
piston and cylinder assembly, and
means connected to said amplifier for returning said spool valve to
the closed position, said returning means being connected to
respond to the movement of the corresponding piston and cylinder
assembly.
8. The control system of claim 7 wherein said spool valve includes
first and second ends defining first and second chambers with the
end walls of the bore in said housing, said first end being of
approximately twice the cross sectional area of said second end,
the fluid pressure source being in constant communication with said
second chamber to provide static pressure therein, and said
amplifier including a pilot valve selectively communicating said
first chamber to the pressure source and reservoir to vary the
pressure therein and to thereby cause the movement of said spool
valve, the direction of movement being a function of differential
pressures in said chambers and the difference in areas of said
surfaces.
9. The control system of claim 7 wherein said amplifier includes a
double-faced actuator piston connected to said spool valve, a
housing having a bore for receiving said piston, said bore being
divided into first and second chambers by said piston, the faces of
said piston being of different cross sectional areas such that the
area of the face presented to said first chamber is approximately
twice that of the face presented to said second chamber, a fluid
pressure source in constant communication with said second chamber
to provide static pressure therein, a pilot valve in said piston
selectively communicating said first chamber to the pressure source
to vary the pressure therein and to thereby cause the movement of
said actuator piston and said main valve, the direction of movement
being a function of the differential pressures in said chambers and
the difference in areas of said piston faces.
10. The control system of claim 9 wherein said piston has an axial
bore therein and said pilot valve is slidably received in said
axial bore, a reservoir in communication with said axial bore, said
piston has passageways for communicating said first chamber with
said pressure source and reservoir through said pilot valve.
11. The system according to claim 7 including,
a yoke connected to said amplifier,
said lever being connected to one end of said yoke and said
returning means being connected to the other end of said yoke.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In hydraulically actuated articulated booms commonly employed in
heavy equipment such as earth working equipment, the boom sections
are moved by double acting hydraulic cylinders. These cylinders are
connected to and span the joints between the articulated boom
sections and cause relative movement as generally understood in the
art. The hydraulic cylinders are actuated directly by a series of
mechanical linkages leading from control levers or handles in the
control cab to the valves. The mechanical input force required to
operate these valves is generally quite substantial due to the high
fluid flow rates required to operate the hydraulic cylinders.
High flow directional control valves of the type contemplated
herein are also subject to steady state flow forces which are
proportional to net axial change of momentum of the fluid passing
through the valve. These forces are well known and can be
accurately calculated. 100 lb. forces are common in 90 GPM valves.
These forces make the valve difficult to control particularly when
"metering" the flow of fluid to the cylinder. When the valve is
being closed there is resistance to movement due to friction. Then
the flow forces build up and aid in the closing of the valve to the
point where the operator must resist these forces through the
linkage system in order to control the handle. If there is any
backlash through the linkage system, due to this change in force,
the valve can become uncontrollable at these flow forces.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The control system of the present invention combines a feed back
assembly with a proportional force amplifier to control the
movement of the hydraulic cylinders for the boom sections. The feed
back assembly senses the movements of the various boom sections and
through flexible cables transmits these movements back to the
porportional force amplifier in an equal but opposite direction to
the input forces from the control handle. Predetermined amounts of
movement are thereby provided for the boom sections in response to
predetermined movements of the control handle.
Further the proportional force amplifier operates in accordance
with the principles disclosed in my copending application entitled
"PROPORTIONAL FORCE AMPLIFIER," Ser. No. 196,495, filed Nov. 8,
1971. The proportional force amplifier is a power assist mechanism
which is connected to the control valve and responds to manual
mechanical input displacement to cause a displacement in the
control valve in the same direction in a one-to-one proportion to
the input but at a greatly increased force. In this invention the
amount of force required to operate the control valve is
approximately 100 times that required to operate the pilot valve.
Additionally, the amount of movement of the main valve is
proportioned to the amount of movement of the pilot valve in a
one-to-one ratio.
These and other objects of the invention will become more apparent
to those skilled in the art by reference to the following detailed
description when viewed in light of the accompanying drawings
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the control system of this
invention as applied to an articulated boom;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the control valve of this
invention with feedback means;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the control valve of this
invention without feedback means; and
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a modified form of the control
valve of this invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the pilot spool valve for the control
valve shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a section view taken on line 6--6 of FIG. 5 showing the
flow path through the pilot spool valve;
FIG. 7 is a cross-section taken on line 7--7 of FIG. 6 showing one
of th lands.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to the drawings wherein like numerals indicate like
parts, the control system 10 of this invention is shown applied to
an articulated boom 12. The boom is attached at its inner end to a
rotatable support diagrammatically illustrated at 14, which support
is adapted to be positioned on a mobile unit such as track or
wheeled vehicle. As is conventional in apparatus of this type, the
boom consists of a first boom section 16 pivotally connected to the
rotatable support 14 by pivot pin 18 for movement in a vertical
plane. The second boom section 20 is pivotally attached to the
first boom section 16 by pivot pin 22 for movement in a vertical
plane. The bucket 24 is pivotally attached to the outer end of the
second boom section 20 by pivot pin 26.
The pivotal movement between the first boom section 16 and the
support 14 is controlled by means of a first hydraulic piston and
cylinder assembly or jack 28 which includes a cylinder 30 and
piston rod 32. The base of the cylinder 30 is pivotally connected
to the support 14 by pivot pin 34 and the outer end of the piston
rod 32 is pivotally connected to an intermediate point along the
first boom section by pivot pin 36. The hydraulic jack 28 is
double-acting as are the jacks to be described hereinafter and
includes inlet-outlet hydraulic conduits 28a and 28b.
The pivotal movement between the first and second boom section 16
and 20 respectively is controlled by means of a second hydraulic
piston and cylinder assembly as jack 38 which includes a cylinder
40 and a piston rod 42. The base of the cylinder 40 is pivotally
connected to the first boom section by means of pivot pin 44 and
the outer end of the piston rod 42 is pivotally connected to the
second boom section 20 by means of pivot pin 46. The jack 38 is
provided with inlet-outlet hydraulic conduits 38a and 38b.
The pivotal movement between the bucket 24 and the second boom
section 20 is controlled by means of a third hydraulic piston and
cylinder or jack 48 which includes a cylinder 50 and piston rod 52.
The base of the cylinder 50 is pivotally connected to the second
section 20 intermediate its length by pivot pin 54. The outer end
of the piston rod 52 is pivotally connected to a bucket extension
53 by pivot pin 56. The jack 48 includes inlet-outlet hydraulic
conduits 48a and 48b.
The direction of pivotal movement between the support 14 and the
first boom section 16 is indicated by the arrow X; between the
first boom section 16 and second boom section 20 by the arrow Y;
and between the bucket 24 and the second boom section 20 by the
arrow Z. The apparatus described above is conventional and well
known in the art. This invention is directed toward but not limited
to a control system for actuating the aforementioned hydraulic
cylinders and thereby causing relative pivotal movement between the
articulated sections.
CONTROL SYSTEM
In accordance with the invention, the hydraulic jacks 28, 38 and 48
are controlled by means of the control system 10 which generally
includes a manual input control box 60, feed back assemblies 75 and
control valves A, B and C. The manual input control box 60 includes
a universally movable handle or lever 62 which enters the box 60
through a resilient or flexible grommet 64. Movements of the handle
62 are transmitted to the feed back assemblies 75 by means of
flexible lightweight, push-pull cables 66a, 66b and 66c, which move
back and forth in response to the appropriate movement of the
handle 62 through suitable mechanical means in the box 60, which
mechanical means are well known in the art and do not form a part
of this invention. As will hereinafter be described,by pushing or
pulling one or a combination of the cables, the hydraulic jacks 28,
38 and 48 will be actuated under the control of the valves A, B and
C.
More particularly, the feed back assemblies 75 each include a yoke
68a, 68b and 68c respectively, pivotally connected to actuator rods
72a, 72b and 72c which actuate valves A, B and C respectively. The
cables 66a, 66b and 66c are connected through fixed guides 70a, 70b
and 70c to one end of the corresponding yoke by pins 67a, 67b and
67c, respectively. Valve A communicates with hydraulic jack 48
through inlet-outlet conduit 48a and 48b on one end, on the other
it communicates with a source of pressure, such as a pump through
conduit 74a and with the reservoir through conduit 76a. Valve B
communicates with the jack 38 via inlet-outlet conduits 38a and 38b
and with pressure and tank through conduits 78b and 80b. Valve C
likewise communicates with hydraulic jack 28 via inlet-outlet
conduits 28a and 28b, and pressure and tank via conduits 82c and
84c.
Means are provided for sensing the movement of the boom sections 16
and 20 and the bucket 24 and transmitting such movements to the
feed back assemblies 75. Such means is in the form of feed back
cables 90a, 90b and 90c connected at one end to yokes 68a, 68b and
68c respectively, by means of pins 91a, 91b and 91c. Feed back
cable 90c is connected at its other end to pivot pin 18 via
clamping collar 92. The clamping collar 92 is fixed to the pin 18
and rotates therewith. The pin 18, in turn, rotates with the first
boom section 16 such that angular movement of the first boom
section 16 will be translated back to the corresponding yoke 68c by
means of the flexible feed back cable 90c. Feed back cables 90a and
90b are connected to pivot pins 26 and 22 respectively by means of
collars 96 and 94. As with collar 92, collars 94 and 96 rotate with
the second boom section 20 and bucket 24 respectively.
To this point it can be seen generally that by actuation of the
handle 62 one or more of the control valves A, B or C will be
opened to actuate the corresponding hydraulic jack 48, 38 or 28.
Arrows X, Y and Z are shown adjacent to the control handle 62 to
generally indicate the direction of the handle must be moved to
cause the respective boom sections 16, 18 and the bucket 24 to move
in the indicated directions X, Y and Z. The amount of movement of
the boom sections 16 and 18 and the bucket 24 is controlled by
means of the push-pull cables 66a, 66b and 66c to correspond to the
amount of movement of the handle 62, i.e., each movmeent of the
handle 62 will produce a predetermined amout of movement in the
respective boom section or bucket.
In this regard and referring to FIG. 2 the yoke 68a for the bucket
24 is shown. Assuming that the control handle 62 is moved in the Z
direction and the cable 66a is pulled to the left, the yoke 68a
will pivot clockwise about pivot point 91a pulling actuator rod 72a
outward from the control valve A. Opening of valve A will
pressurize jack 48 producing a pivoted motion in bucket 24 about
pivot pin 26. The motion of the bucket 24 is sensed by collar 96 on
pivot pin 26 and transferred back to the yoke 68a by cable 90a. The
cable 90a should move to right in FIG. 2 pivoting the yoke 68a
clockwise about pivot point 67a, to push the actuator rod 72a into
the control valve A to close the valve and stop the movement of
bucket 24.
CONTROL VALVE
Since valves A, B and C are identical, only one, valve A, will be
described in detail. As indicated above the yoke 68a is pivotally
attached to the actuator rod 72a by means of pivot pin 73a. The
control valve includes a valve housing 102 having a tubular
extension 104 extending from one end thereof for slidably receiving
the actuator rod 72a. The housing 102 includes a central bore 106
which slidably receives a spool 108 having a first land 110, a
second land 112 and a third land 114 axially spaced thereon and
defining annular chambers 116 and 118 therebetween with the
interior walls of the bore 106. Inlet-outlet conduits 48a and 48b
communicate with the chambers 116 and 118 respectively via ports
120 and 122. The axial bore 106 is counterbored at axially spaced
points to define chambers 124, 126 and 128 with lands 110, 112 and
114. Reservoir conduit 76a communicates with chamber 128 via port
130, and with chamber 124 via passageway 132 and port 134.
A chamber 138 is defined between the end of the first land 110 of
the spool 108 and the end wall 140 of the bore 106. Pressure
conduit 74a communicates with annular chamber 126 via port 142 and
with chamber 138 via chamber 126 passageway 144 and port 146.
In the position shown in FIG. 2, the spool 108 is in the null or
balanced position. It can be seen that when the spool is moved to
the left, inlet-outlet conduit 48b is communicated to pressure and
inlet-outlet conduit 48a is communicated to tank and vice versa
when the spool moves to the right. As mentioned, however,
oftentimes, the movement of the spool is quite difficult due to the
flow forces and centering spring forces of the system. Hence a
pilot valve or servo valve 150 is slidably received in an axially
extending bore 152 in the spool valve 108, whereby, by actuation of
the pilot valve 150 as will hereinafter be described, the spool
valve 108 is shifted hydraulically and proportionally less amount
of manual input force is required.
More particularly, the main valves A, B and C are actuated by means
of proportional force amplifiers as disclosed in my copending
application Ser. No. 196,495. In this regard, each amplifier
includes a pilot valve 150 having lands 154 and 156 and is provided
with an axial passageway 158 which communicates chambers 162, 166
and 172 with each other. Chamber 162 is defined by the end 164 of
the bore 152 and the land 154. Chamber 166 is defined by the two
lands 154 and 156 and chamber 172 is defined by the end wall 174 of
the bore 106 and the annular end surface 168 of the spool 108. The
area of the end surface 168 is approximately one half the area of
the surface 178 defining the one end wall of constantly pressured
chamber 138.
Ports 180 and 182 communicate the pressure conduit 74a and the tank
conduit 26a respectively to the bore 152 and are normally blocked
by lands 154 and 156 when the pilot valve is in the null or
balanced position. The facing edges of the lands 154 and 156 are
spaced apart from each other a distance corresponding to the
distance between the edges of the apertures of ports 180 and 182.
The edges of the lands can be used effectively to meter the fluid
flow through the ports. The pilot valve 150 is connected at one end
to rod 186 which in turn is connected to actuator rod 72a. The rod
186 passes through an opening 188 in the end wall of the spool
108.
The operation of the pilot control valve 150 is as follows.
Referring to FIG. 2, assume that by suitable actuation of the
control handle 62, the cable 66a is moved to the left. The yoke
will move clockwise to the left about the point of connection 91a
between the feed back cable 90a and the yoke 68a which point
provides a fixed pivot. Upon such movement of the cable to the
left, the pilot valve 150 will likewise be pulled to the left a
distance determined by the amount of movement of the control handle
62. The land 154 will uncover the pressure port 180 and fluid under
pressure will enter chamber 172 via port 170 and axial passageway
158. As mentioned earlier, chamber 138 is in constant communication
with the pressure source via passageway 144, and, due to the fact
that the area of surface 168 is approximately twice that of the
area of surface 178, the spool 108 will shift to the left because
of this differential in surface areas. The spool 108 by shifting to
the left will communicate the pressure passageway 74a to uncovered
annular areas 126 and 118 and permit fluid under pressure to enter
the inlet-outlet conduit 48b, while at the same time inlet-outlet
conduit 48a is communicated with tank passageway 76a via chambers
116 and 124 and passageway 132. Operating upon the principles
described in my earlier mentioned copending application Ser. No.
196,495, the spool 108 will continue to move to the left relative
to the pilot valve until the pressure port 180 is again completely
covered by the land 154 on the pilot valve 150.
The spool 108 will move relative to the pilot valve 150 and will
move the same distance; that is, it will move proportionately in a
one-to-one ratio. The hydraulic jack 48 will contract, causing feed
back cable 90a to move to the right in FIG. 2 exactly the same
distance that the input cable was caused to move to the left
initially. The point of connection 67a of the input cable will
serve as a fixed pivot point, and the yoke will move clockwise
thereabout causing the pilot valve 150 to move in the reverse
direction, to the right. Prior to this latter movement, it is to be
understood that the pressure source will be in open communication
with the conduit leading to the hydraulic jack.
When the pilot valve 150 is shifted back to the right relative to
the spool 108 by the feed back means, the land 156 will uncover
port 182 thereby communicating control chamber 172 with tank
pressure and causing a loss of pressure in chamber 172. As
mentioned, since the chamber 138 is under constant static pressure,
the spool will be caused to move to the right relative to the spool
valve 108 until both the pressure port and tank port 180 and 182
are again covered by lands 154 and 156 at which time the spool
valve 150 will be back in the null and balanced position. The
principle behind this operation will be more fully understood by
referring to my earlier mentioned copending application. It is to
be emphasized that the force ratio between the mechanical input and
the hydraulic force acting on the spool valve is approximately 1 to
100 such that a small input force acting to shift the pilot valve
results in a proportionately greater force being applied to the
spool valve.
In order to pressurize inlet-outlet conduit 48a while exhausting
conduit 48b, the pilot valve is shifted to the right with point 91a
again acting as a fixed pivot. Control chamber 172 is communicated
to tank via uncovered port 182 thereby dropping the pressure
therein. The pressure in constantly pressurized chamber 138 will be
sufficient to shift the spool 108 to the right relative to the
pilot valve until the port 182 is again covered, during which time
pressure will be transmitted to the hydraulic jack 48 via chambers
126 and 116, port 120 and conduit 48a. Conduit 48b will be
communicated to exhaust via line 122, chambers 118 and 128 and line
130. The feed back cable 90a will cause the spool 108 to shift back
to the null and balanced position in the manner heretofore
described.
In the event of a loss of hydraulic pressure, the spool 108 can be
shifted manually to release fluid pressure from the hydraulic jack
48. This is accomplished by means of an enlarged flange 101
attached to actuator rod 186 which is disposed within a chamber 103
in the spool 108. The chamber has end walls 105 and 107 which are
engaged by the enlarged flange upon movement of the yoke 68a to
manually shift the spool 108.
If desired, the feed means may be eliminated as shown in the
embodiment of FIG. 3. In this embodiment, only the input cable 66a
is attached to the pilot valve 150. In the embodiment of FIG. 1 and
FIG. 2, the valve will seek the null and balanced position for any
position of the control handle. That is, if the control handle is
pushed to the right in the direction of arrow X 1 inch and is held
there, the corresponding element will swing to its angular movement
a predetermined distance proportional to the movement of the
control handle and will stop automatically without having to move
the handle back to neutral since the feed back cable will cause the
valves to return to the null and balanced position. In the
embodiment FIG. 3, the handle itself must be returned to the
neutral position before the valve will return to the null and
balanced position.
ALTERNATE PROPORTIONAL FORCE AMPLIFIER
A modified form of amplifier used to actuate the control valve of
this invention is shown in FIG. 4. The conrol valve comprises a
conventional four-way valve, generally indicated by the numeral 200
having a spool valve 202. In the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3 the
pilot valve is mounted within a central bore in the spool valve. In
the modified form of FIG. 4 the pilot valve is mounted exteriorly
of the spool valve and outside of the spool valve housing.
In this regard, an extension 204 is attached to one end of the
spool valve 202, is axially aligned therewith and is slidably
received in a bore in a housing 208 mounted on the valve 200. The
housing 208 includes an inlet port or passage 248 connected to a
source of fluid pressure and a counterbore 210 at the open end of
the bore 206. The extension 204 is shown threadably engaged with
one end of the spool valve 202. However, it is to be understood
that the extension 204 may be an integral part of the spool valve
202 or otherwise attached thereto. Means are provided for sealing
the extension within the counterbore 210. Such means comprises a
seal ring 205 having external O-ring seals 207 and an internal
O-ring seal 209.
The extension 204 includes a double faced actuator piston 212 which
is positioned for sliding movement within the counterbore 210 and
divides the counterbore 210 into chambers 214 and 216. The total
cross sectional area of surfaces 218 and 220 on the piston 212
adjacent chamber 216 is approximately half the cross sectional area
of the surface 222 on the piston 212 adjacent to chamber 214. The
extenstion 204 is provided with an axial bore 236 which is
connected to the chamber 216 through a passage 250 and to the
chamber 214 through a passage 258 and a port 259, the port 259
being closed by a plug 261. The piston 212 is sealed in the
counterbore 210 by means of an O-ring seal 213.
The pressure of the fluid acting on piston 212 is controlled by
means of a tubular pilot spool valve 224 having lands 226, 227 and
228 and a central passage 235. The spool valve 224 is slidably
received in an axial bore 232 in an insert 234 which is positioned
within the axial bore 236 in extension 204. The insert 234 is
retained in the bore 236 by means of a plug 242 threadably received
in the outer end of the bore 236 in extension 204 and is sealed
therein by means of O-ring seals 233. The insert 234 is provided
with a flange 244 which abuts an inwardly directed shoulder 245 in
the bore 236. Annular chambers 246 and 247 are provided between the
insert 234 and the extension 204. The chamber 246 is in
communication with inlet pressure passage 250 and the chamber 247
is in communication with port 259 and passage 258.
The pilot spool valve 224 is positioned within the bore 232 in the
insert with the lands 226 and 227 spaced to define an annular
pressure chamber 254 and the lands 227 and 228 spaced to define a
relief chamber 255. The pressure chamber 254 is connected to the
chamber 246 by means of a port 252. The relief chamber 255 is
connected to the open end of the bore 236 by means of flats 229 on
land 228. The chambers 254 and 255 are selectively connected to the
chamber 247 through a port 252 by means of the land 227 as
described below.
The pilot spool valve 224 as seen in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 is provided
with a counterbore 239 at each end of passage 235 and a cross bore
237 adjacent to land 228. Means are provided for connecting the
pilot valve 224 to an actuator rod 240 in the form of a rod 238
which extends through the passage 235 and is connected to the end
of the spool valve 224 by means of a plug 257. In this regard, the
plug 257 is threadably connected to the rod 238 and is positioned
within counterbore 239. Side loads imparted to the pilot valve 224
by the movement of the rod 238 are compensated for by means of a
spring 241 positioned between the plug 257 and a shoulder 243
between the bore 235 and the counterbore 239. Since the side loads
generally occur when the spool valve 224 is pulled by the rod 238,
the spring 241 is provided only on one side of the plug 257.
Movement in the other direction is achieved by the mechanical
engagement of the plug 257 with an end cap 260 threadably received
in the end of the counterbore 239.
The spool valve 224 is pressure balanced within the passage 232 in
order to eliminate any variation in forces acting on the ends of
the valve 224. This is accomplished by means of the passage 235
which extends through the center of the spool valve and the cross
bore 237. Since both ends of the spool valve are now connected the
pressure acting on each end of the spool valve will be essentially
equal except for the cross sectional area of rod 238 which is
negligible. Further the passage 235 is connected to tank pressure
through passage 262 in the spool valve 202, the annular chamber 264
and passage 266 in the control valve 200.
Means are provided for mechanically actuating the spool valve 202
in the event of a loss of power. Such means is in the form of a
flange 270 provided on the actuator member 240 and positioned in a
counterbore 272 in the end of the plug 242. The flange 270 is
retained in the counterbore 272 by means of a retainer ring 274. On
movement of the actuator rod to the right, the flange will engage
the end wall 276 and move the plug 242 to the right. On movement of
the actuator member 240 to the left, the flange 270 will engage the
retainer ring 274 and move the plug 242 to the left.
Means are provided for sealing the extension 204 within the bore
206 of housing 208. Such means is in the form of an O-ring seal 211
in the bore 206 and an O-ring seal 231 positioned to sealingly
engage rod 238. The seal 231 is retained in the end of plug 242 by
means of a plate 230.
In operation of the modified valve of FIG. 4 fluid under pressure
is introduced into chamber 216 via passageway 248. The fluid passes
through passageway 250, annular chamber 246 and passageway 252 to
annular chamber 254 defined by the reduced portion of the spool
valve 224 between the lands 226 and 227. Chamber 216 is in constant
communication with the pressure source and is therefore under
constant static pressure, which tends to urge the piston and
thereby the extension and spool valve to the left. The valve is
shown in its null and balanced position with the forces tending to
move the piston either to the ritht or left being equalized.
The force tending to urge the piston to the left is counterbalanced
by the lower pressure in the chamber 214 acting on the larger cross
sectional area 222. Fluid flow to the chamber 214 to vary the
pressure therein is controlled by the pilot valve 224. As shown,
land 227 covers port 256 which leads to port 259, passageway 258
and chamber 214. When the pilot valve 224 is shifted to the right
fluid under pressure enters the port 256, annular chamber 247, port
259, passageway 258 and chamber 214 to raise the pressure in the
chamber 214 causing the piston 212 and extension 204 to move to the
right relative to the pilot valve 224 until the port 256 is again
covered by the land 227. Of course, the movement of the piston 212
and extension 204 to the right causes the spool valve 202 to move
to the right to uncover the pressure and exhaust ports therein. In
order to move the spool valve 202 to the left, the pressure in the
chamber 214 is reduced by moving the pilot valve 224 to the left
and communicating the chamber 214 with the tank T via passage 258,
port 259, chamber 247, port 256, chamber 255, passageway 262,
annular chamber 264 and passagewaY 266. As in the embodiments of
FIGS. 1 through 3, the pilot valve of the embodiment of FIG. 4 may
or may not be provided with a feed back means.
Means are provided for preventing the second land 227 from catching
on the edges of the port 256. Such means is in the form of the
third land 228 which acts as a support for the spool valve 224. On
movement of the valve 224 in the bore 232, the land 228 will clear
the edges of the port 256.
* * * * *