U.S. patent number 3,745,966 [Application Number 05/202,369] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-17 for four-quadrant indicator employing moire effect.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Electric Company. Invention is credited to Richard H. Seager.
United States Patent |
3,745,966 |
Seager |
July 17, 1973 |
FOUR-QUADRANT INDICATOR EMPLOYING MOIRE EFFECT
Abstract
Display apparatus for indicating motion and displacement of a
control lever movable about one end thereof through various
positions within a spherical sector of radius substantially
coextensive with the lever comprises a first regular pattern formed
on a transparent surface positionable by the control lever, and a
second regular pattern formed on a surface beneath the positionable
surface. By employing equally spaced lines in each pattern, each
position of the control lever results in creation of unique moire
fringes which are set into motion whenever the control lever is
moved.
Inventors: |
Seager; Richard H. (Manlius,
NY) |
Assignee: |
General Electric Company
(Syracuse, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
22749587 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/202,369 |
Filed: |
November 26, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
116/311; 40/437;
116/310; 338/128; 40/427; 74/471XY; 428/30 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G05G
1/015 (20130101); H01H 9/16 (20130101); G05G
2009/04707 (20130101); G05G 2009/04748 (20130101); Y10T
74/20201 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
9/16 (20060101); G09f 009/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;116/114,124R,129R
;40/106.53,106.5,137,106.51 ;338/128 ;272/8M ;250/237G ;356/169
;74/471 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Publication: Edmund Scientific Co., Barrington, N. J., Catalog 671,
Cover-Page, Page 2, Pages 74 & 75..
|
Primary Examiner: Capozi; Louis J.
Claims
I claim:
1. Display apparatus for indicating motion and displacement of a
control lever movable about one end thereof through various
positions within a spherical sector of radius substantially
coextensive with said lever, said apparatus comprising:
a first regular pattern formed on a transparent surface, said
transparent surface being engageable with said lever and
displaceable through 360.degree. by movement of said lever;
a second regular pattern formed on a surface situated beneath said
transparent surface such that the second regular pattern is visible
through the transparent surface, said first and second patterns
being superimposed on each other so as to form moire fringes;
and
means retaining both of said surfaces to limit maximum displacement
of said first pattern relative to said second pattern. 2. The
display apparatus of claim 1 wherein said transparent surface
contains an aperture through which said lever passes to permit said
transparent surface to be slidably displaced atop the surface on
which said second pattern is formed, in
accordance with the positioning of said lever. 3. The display
apparatus of claim 2 wherein said aperture is surrounded by a
collar, said collar being
in contact with said lever at least when said lever is being moved.
4. The display apparatus of claim 1 wherein the surface on which
said second
pattern is formed is transparent. 5. The display apparatus of claim
1
wherein the surface on which said second pattern is formed is
opaque. 6. The display apparatus of claim 2 wherein each of said
first and second patterns comprises substantially equally spaced
lines, each of said lines
representing at least an arc of a circle. 7. The display apparatus
of claim 6 wherein lines in said first pattern form a plurality of
concentric circles and lines in said second pattern form four sets
of arcs of concentric circles, each set of arcs, respectively, in
said second pattern being centered about a separate corner of a
four-sided polygon,
respectively, containing said second pattern. 8. A visual display
for indicating motion and displacement of a lever movable about one
end thereof, said lever being displaceable through a spherical
sector of radius substantially coextensive with said lever, said
display comprising:
a first pattern of equally spaced lines being formed of opaque
material separated by regions transparent to light, said lever
being contiguous to said first pattern such that said first pattern
is displaceable through 360.degree. by movement of said lever;
a second pattern of equally spaced lines being formed of oapque
material separated by regions transparent to light, said first and
second patterns being superimposed on each other to form moire
fringes; and
means retaining both of said patterns to limit maximum displacement
of said
first pattern relative to said second pattern. 9. The visual
display of claim 1 whrein said first pattern includes an aperture
through which said lever passes to permit said first pattern to be
slidably displaced atop
said second pattern in accordance with positioning of said lever.
10. The visual display of claim 9 wherein the line spacing of said
first pattern equals the line spacing of said second pattern, each
of said lines being
at least an arc of a circle. 11. The visual display of claim 10
wherein lines in said first pattern form a plurality of concentric
circles and lines in said second pattern form four sets of arcs of
concentric circles, each set of arcs, respectively, being centered
about a separate corner of a four-sided polygon, respectively,
containing said second pattern.
Description
INTRODUCTION
This invention relates to visual displays, and more particularly to
indicators for displaying the effects of moving a control lever
about one end thereof through various positions within a
substantially spherical sector of radius coextensive with the
lever.
The purpose of employing four-channel stereo playback systems is to
reproduce for the listener the effect of hearing music as he might
if he were seated at a live performance in a concert hall, wherein
he hears sound emanating directly from the stage and reverberating
from the surfaces within the hall. As the name implies, four
separate channels of sound are involved, with each channel
representing the sound at a particular location at the recording
site. These channels are individually coupled through the system to
four separate loudspeaker enclosures, two of which are preferably
placed in front of the listener on either side thereof and
reproduce the sound recorded at the left and right sides of the
stage, and the other two of which are preferably placed behind the
listener on either side thereof and reproduce the complex sound at
the rear of the hall made up of natural reverberations from the
surfaces within the room containing the recording site plus sound
emanating from the stage itself.
In order to provide the listener with reproduced sound that
seemingly is how he would have heard it if present in the concert
hall when and where it was produced, it is necessary to balance the
system so that volume of sound produced by the system is optimized.
This balance obtains when the volume of sound produced by any one
loudspeaker enclosure is relatively the same, with respect to that
produced by each of the other three loudspeaker enclosures, as the
volume of sound recorded at the recording location corresponding to
that one enclosure is with respect to the volume of sound recorded
at each of the other three recording locations, respectively. One
type of control for achieving such balance has required use of
three separate potentiometers. Typically, in this type of control,
one potentiometer balances the right front and left front
loudspeaker enclosures with respect to each other, the second
balances the left rear and right rear loudspeaker enclosures with
respect to each other, and the third balances the combined front
loudspeaker enclosures with respect to the combined rear
loudspeaker enclosures. While such controls are entirely adequate,
they require individual manipulation of three separate knobs.
To reduce the manipulations required to achieve balance among
separate loudspeaker enclosures in four-channel stereo playback
systems, a so-called joystick control has been employed. This
control operates in a manner similar to that of the control stick
employed in aircraft to achieve changes in pitch and roll; that is,
movement of the joystick through any geometric plane oriented along
a given direction controls audio output of the pair of front
loudspeaker enclosures in relation to the pair of rear loudspeaker
enclosures, and movement of the joystick through any geometric
plane oriented along a direction perpendicular to the given
direction controls audio output of the pair of loudspeaker
enclosures on the left in relation to the pair of loudspeaker
enclosures on the right. Movement of the joystick in any direction
other than through the aforementioned geometric planes causes
interaction among the audio outputs of the four loudspeaker
enclosures with the resultant effect being that a complete
rebalancing of the audio outputs produced by all four loudspeaker
enclosures occurs.
Small displacements of the joystick control, however, may not have
a readily noticeable effect on the audio outputs of the loudspeaker
enclosures, due, for example, to the degree of aural sensitivity on
the part of the listener (especially if the displacement is made at
the instant when the musical instruments in one section of the
orchestral music source substantially supplant the musical
instruments in another section). In such case, the listener may not
be sure that he did, in fact, reposition the joystick. Accordingly,
one object of the invention is to provide an indicator on which
displacement of the joystick by even a small amount may be visually
detected.
Another object of the invention is to provide a device which
presents a moving visual display during movement of a joystick.
Another object is to provide esthetic visual effects to accompany
each movement of a joystick and a different esthetic visual pattern
to accompany each separate respective position of the joystick.
Another object is to provide apparatus employing the moire effect
to designate the general direction in which a joystick is
moved.
Briefly, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the
invention, a visual display for indicating motion and dsiplacement
of a control lever movable about one end thereof through various
positions within a spherical sector of radius substantially
coextensive with the lever is provided. The display comprises a
first regular pattern formed on a transparent surface which is
positionable by movement of the lever, and a second regular pattern
formed on a surface situated beneath the transparent surface such
that the second regular pattern is visible through the transparent
surface. The first and second patterns are thus superimposed on
each other so as to form moire fringes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The features of the invention believed to be novel are set forth
with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself,
however, both as to organization and method of operation, together
with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood
by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with
the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a side view of the indicator of the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a typical stationary pattern employed in
the indicator of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a movable pattern employed in the
indicator of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a typical viewing window employed in the
indicator of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the indicator of the present invention,
with the joystick in its center position; and
FIG. 6 is a top view of the indicator of the present invention,
with the joystick offset from its center position.
DESCRIPTION OF TYPICAL EMBODIMENTS
In FIG. 1, the indicator of the present invention is illustrated as
comprising an escutcheon 10 and a joystick 11 having a manually
operable portion 9 thereof, which swivels at one end about a ball
and socket joint made up of ball 12 and socket 13. Joystick 11 is
thereby movable through various positions within a spherical sector
of radius substantially coextensive with joystick 11. A rod 14,
affixed to ball 12, penetrates gimbals 15 and 16 so as to move the
gimbals whenever ball 12 is repositioned by movement of joystick
11.
A group of four potentiometers, two of which, 17 and 18, are
illustrated, are mounted on each side of a four-sided chassis 20,
shown partially cut away, such that each potentiometer shaft, such
as shaft 21, is affixed to one end of a gimbal, respectively. Thus,
potentiometer shaft 21 is affixed to one end of gimbal 16 while
potentiometer shaft 22 is affixed to one end of gimbal 15, and
movement of joystick 11 is conveniently converted into rotation of
the potentiometer shafts. Each potentiometer is electrically
connected to control amplitude of audio output from a separate
loudspeaker enclosure, respectively.
Affixed to chassis 20 is an apertured plate 30 on which, as shown
in FIG. 2, a regular, distinctive pattern is formed by any of a
number of conventional ways, such as printing, engraving,
overlaying, etc. This pattern preferably comprises a plurality of
equidistantly spaced lines so as to constitute a periodic strucure,
formed on the upper surface of plate 30. Conveniently, the pattern
may be made up of four sets of arcs of concentric circles, each set
of arcs, respectively, being centered about a separate corner of
plate 30 where plate 30 is formed in the shape of a four-sided
polygon, such as a square. Joystick 11, as shown in FIG. 1, passes
through the aperture in plate 30, leaving the joystick free to
swivel within the aperture.
Positioned atop plate 30, as shown in FIG. 1, is a transparent
plate 31 having a sloped collar 32 with a beveled edge 33 facing
joystick 11. Plate 31 is slidably displaceable through 360.degree.
within the plane of the plate. Joystick 11, when moved, bears
against collar 32 so as to shift the position of plate 31 in the
direction of movement of the joystick. Any portion of beveled edge
33 cooperates with its diametrically opposite portion of the inner
surface of collar 32 to allow joystick 11, when thrown fully to one
side, as illustrated by either dotted position of joystick 11, to
minimize lost motion between the joystick and plate 31 when the
joystick is returned from its maximum offcenter position.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, plate 31, typically in the shape of a
four-sided polygon, such as a square, contains a regular,
distinctive pattern made up of a plurality of equally spaced opaque
lines so as to constitute a periodic structure. Conveniently, the
line pattern is formed of a plurality of concentric circles on the
lower surface of plate 31, with arcs of concentric circles
extending outward to the corners of the plate. The circles are
centered about the center of the aperture defined by collar 32.
Spacing of the lines in the pattern on plate 31 is made equal to
that in the pattern on plate 30, in order to produce well-defined,
prominent moire fringes by virtue of superimposition of the
patterns on plates 31 and 30. As with plate 30, the line pattern
produced in plate 31 may be formed by any of a number of
conventional methods, such as printing, engraving, overlaying, etc.
An additional pattern 34, comprising an arrangement of dots and
radially-directed lines situated in a circle, is preferably formed
by a similar process on the upper surface of plate 31 and centered
about the center of the aperture therein, giving added visual
emphasis to the position of the joystick on the indicator.
Situated atop plate 31, as shown in FIG. 1, a fixedly-mounted,
transparent viewing plate 35 containging indica, such as
illustrated in FIG. 4, to designate the effect of movement of the
joystick in any given direction. These indica, which show the user
what loudspeaker enclosure or enclosures of the four-channel stereo
system are being emphasized and what enclosures are being
deemphasized, generally signify four quadrants within which sound
is emitted, permitting the listener to balance the sound heard from
these four quadrants as he desires. The indicia may be formed by
any of the aforementioned methods for producing patterns on plates
30 and 31 of FIG. 1, on the lower surface of plate 35 in order to
prevent abrasion of the pattern through normal usage of the
indicator. An opaque border 36 around plate 35 prevents the edges
of plate 31 from being visible to the user even when joystick 11 is
at its maximum off-center position.
FIGS. 5 and 6 are illustrations of typical moire fringes presented
visually to the user. In the example of FIG. 5, the joystick is
centered, so that circular scale 34 of dots and radial lines on the
upper surface of plate 31 is centered about the joystick and with
respect to the indicia on the viewing plate. However, should the
joystick be moved from its central position, the moire fringe
pattern is altered and circular scale 34 moves off-center with
respect to the indicia on the viewing plate, in the direction of
displacement of the joystick. This condition is illustrated in FIG.
6. During motion of the joystick from its condition illustrated in
FIG. 5 to its condition illustrated in FIG. 6, the moire fringe
pattern is altered, and a visual illusion of much movement is
presented to the user of the indicator, even if the joystick motion
is slow and even if it is produced by but a small displacement of
the joystick. Hence, the user visually receives information which
unmistakeably tells him that he has moved the joystick.
Additionally, by use in the indicator of the patterns illustrated
in FIGS. 2 and 3, movement of the joystick in any given direction
causes the moire fringes to appear to widen or open in the
direction toward which the joystick is being moved, and to narrow
or close behind the joystick, thereby providing to the user an
indication of the quadrant toward which the joystick is being
moved. To further enhance the visual effects, plate 30 of FIG. 1
may be made transparent, and a light source employed beneath plate
30, so that the opaque lines forming the patterns on plates 30 and
31 produce directly illuminated moire effects.
The foregoing describes an indicator on which displacement of a
joystick by even a small amount may be visually detected. The
device provides esthetic dynamic visual effects to accompany each
movement of the joystick and different esthetic static visual
patterns to accompany each separate respective position of the
joystick. The moire effect is employed to produce fringes
designating the general direction in which the joystick is
moved.
While only certain preferred features of the invention have been
shown by way of illustration, many modifications and changes will
occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be
understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such
modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the
invention.
* * * * *