U.S. patent number 3,745,785 [Application Number 05/218,320] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-17 for solid cryogen heat transfer apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air. Invention is credited to Jimmie W. Crawford, Ronald White.
United States Patent |
3,745,785 |
Crawford , et al. |
July 17, 1973 |
SOLID CRYOGEN HEAT TRANSFER APPARATUS
Abstract
An apparatus for transferring heat from a heat load to a solid
cryogen having the solid cryogen in an insulated container. The
solid cryogen has a plurality of gas passages therethrough. A gas
circulator supplies sublimed gas from the passages in the solid
cryogen to heat exchanger adjacent the heat load. A portion of the
return gas is supplied to a heat exchanger for the gas circulator
motor. The flow in the motor heat exchanger is controlled by the
pressure of the gas in the return conduit from the load heat
exchanger to the solid cryogen chamber and a pressure control valve
connected in the output of the motor heat exchanger.
Inventors: |
Crawford; Jimmie W. (New
Carlisle, OH), White; Ronald (Englewood, OH) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary of the Air (Washington,
DC)
|
Family
ID: |
22814636 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/218,320 |
Filed: |
January 17, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
62/388; 62/54.2;
62/505 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25D
3/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F25D
3/00 (20060101); F25D 3/12 (20060101); F25d
003/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;62/46,47,384,387,388,505 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Perlin; Meyer
Assistant Examiner: Capossela; R.
Claims
We claim:
1. An apparatus for transferring heat from a heat load to a solid
cryogen, comprising: an insulated container; a solid cryogen within
said container; a heat exchanger adapted to be positioned in heat
transfer relation to the heat load; means for providing a gas
circulation path within the solid cryogen; means for transferring
the gas sublimed within the solid cryogen to the heat exchanger and
means for returning the gas in the output of said heat exchanger to
the insulated container, whereby the rate of sublimation of the
solid cryogen is determined by the heat transfer from the heat load
to the gas in the heat exchanger; means for maintaining the
pressure within the heat return means at a predetermined level to
thereby control temperature in the solid cryogen; said means for
transferring the gas sublimed within the solid cryogen to the heat
exchanger includes a conduit connecting the insulated container to
the heat exchanger and a gas circulator connected in said conduit;
a motor driving said gas circulator; a heat exchanger for cooling
said motor; means for passing a portion of the return gas from the
heat load heat exchanger to the motor cooling heat exchanger; said
means for maintaining the pressure within the heat return line
being a pressure control valve for controlling the flow of gas
through the motor heat exchanger.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present system for transferring heat from a device being cooled
to a solid cryogen makes use of a highly conductive metal matrix.
In such a system, the solid cryogen is formed around a highly heat
conductive metal matrix which transports heat from the device being
cooled to the solid cryogen. With such a system, the solid cryogen
sublimes away from the metal matrix after a short time, thus
leaving a low pressure vapor gap across which the heat must be
transferred to the solid cryogen. Heat transfer across the gap is
very inefficient which permits a temperature rise in the device
being cooled. Also, with such a system, the cooling load must be
placed close to the solid cryogen.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to this invention, cooling passages are provided in the
solid cryogen and a gas circulator pump circulates sublimed gas
from the solid cryogen to a heat exchanger near the heat load and
the heated gas is returned to the solid cryogen. A portion of the
return gas is used to cool the motor driving the gas circulator
pump.
IN THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration showing one prior art solid
cryogen cooler configuration.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration showing the vapor gap normally
formed around the metal matrix of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram partially in block form showing the
solid cryogen heat transfer apparatus of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to FIG. 1 of the drawing which shows a prior art
solid cryogen cooler 10, an insulated cooling chamber 12 with a
solid cryogen 14 and a metal heat conducting matrix 16 with a heat
load 20, such as an infrared detector, positioned adjacent metal
rod 22 of the metal matrix 16.
FIG. 2 shows a vapor gap 24 formed around the metal matrix 16 which
is very inefficient for heat transfer.
In the device of FIG. 3, a solid cryogen 28, having a plurality of
gas flow passages 30, is placed in an insulated cooling chamber 32.
Sublimed gas in the flow passages in solid cryogen 28 is circulated
through insulated conduit 34 by means of a gas circulator 36,
driven by a motor 38, to a load heat exchanger 40, located adjacent
the heat load 20. The gas leaving the heat exchanger 40 is returned
to chamber 32 through insulated conduit 42. A portion of the return
gas is supplied to the gas circulator motor heat exchanger 44
through conduit 46. A pressure control valve 48 is connected to the
output of heat exchanger 44. In systems wherein other means are
used to cool the circulator motor, the pressure control valve 48
may be connected directly to return line 42. A vacuum source 49 is
connected to the output of pressure control valve 48. However, in
space, no vacuum source is required and the output of valve 48 may
be vented directly to space.
In the operation of the device, the gas circulator 36 draws
sublimed gas from passages 30 in the solid cryogen 28 and
circulates it through heat exchanger 40. After taking up heat in
the heat exchanger 40, the gas is returned to the chamber 32
through conduit 42. As heat is transferred from the gas to the
solid cryogen, more solid cryogen is sublimed. In this way, heat is
uniformly transferred to the solid cryogen and the temperature of
the device in the heat load being cooled is controlled since the
mass of gas sublimed is proportional to the content of heat in the
gas returning to chamber 32.
The gas leaving heat exchanger 40 is still cool enough to provide
cooling for the circulator motor 38. A portion of the gas in return
conduit 42 is passed through conduit 46 and is supplied to heat
exchanger 44. The pressure control valve 48 controls the flow in
conduit 46. The pressure level of the control valve 48 is selected
to control the temperature within the passages 30, since the
temperature in a solid cryogen is determined by pressure as is
known in the art. For example, with solid Neon used as the cryogen,
the pressure valve 48 would be set to hold the pressure in line 42
at approximately 250 mm of mercury to hold the temperature in the
solid cryogen at approximately 24.degree. Kelvin. An increase in
temperature of the gas in conduit 42 will cause a greater amount of
gas to be sublimed in solid cryogen 28, thus increasing the
pressure in the system. An increase in pressure in the system
causes valve 48 to operate to maintain the pressure in conduit 42
substantially constant. This also provides an increase in flow
through heat exchanger 44. Thus, the flow in heat exchanger 44
increases as the temperature increases in conduit 42 so as to
automatically provide proper cooling for motor 38.
There is thus provided an apparatus to provide cooling for a heat
load, such as an infrared detector, which provides more reliable
cooling for the heat load.
* * * * *