U.S. patent number 3,745,254 [Application Number 05/180,620] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-10 for synthesized four channel stereo from a two channel source.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Victor Company of Japan, Ltd.. Invention is credited to Takao Ninomiya, Kazuho Ohta, Hirotada Sasaki, Masanobu Shinozaki, Nobuaki Suda.
United States Patent |
3,745,254 |
Ohta , et al. |
July 10, 1973 |
SYNTHESIZED FOUR CHANNEL STEREO FROM A TWO CHANNEL SOURCE
Abstract
This invention relates to a synthesized four channel output from
a two channel stereo source. The invention operates on left and
right ((L), (R) input signals to produce difference signals (L-R),
(R-L) by combining a left signal with a phase shifted right signal
and by combining a right signal with a phase shifted left signal.
The amount of phase shift introduced on each phase shifted signal
is frequency dependent and varies from 0.degree.-180.degree. with
low frequency components being 180.degree. out of phase and the
high frequency components substantially in phase. In addition
another phase shift is introduced on at least one difference
signal, to place a phase shift of less than 90.degree. between the
two difference signals. The two difference signals are then fed to
the rear speakers in a four channel reproduction system.
Inventors: |
Ohta; Kazuho (Sagamihara,
JA), Ninomiya; Takao (Yokohama, JA),
Sasaki; Hirotada (Yamato, JA), Suda; Nobuaki
(Yamato, JA), Shinozaki; Masanobu (Sagamihara,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Victor Company of Japan, Ltd.
(Kanagawa-Ken, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
27276333 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/180,620 |
Filed: |
September 15, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Sep 15, 1970 [JA] |
|
|
45/91423 |
Feb 5, 1971 [JA] |
|
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46/4543 |
Feb 6, 1971 [JA] |
|
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46/6027 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
381/18 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04S
5/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04S
5/00 (20060101); H04S 5/02 (20060101); H04n
005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;179/1G,1GP,15BT,1GQ |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Advertisement Sansui-QS-1 Hi Fidelity Magazine Feb., 1971. .
Four Channels and Compatibility by Scheiber Audio Engineering
Society Preprint Oct., 1970. .
Dyna Quadraphonics Type II Hi Fidelity Magazine Feb., 1971. .
New Quadraphonic System by Hafler Audio Magazine July 1970. .
Stereophonic Reproduction by Lode Audio Engineering, January
1950..
|
Primary Examiner: Claffy; Kathleen H.
Assistant Examiner: D'Amico; Thomas
Claims
What we claim is:
1. A multidimensional stereophonic reproducing system comprising a
first terminal for receiving a first sound signal; a second
terminal for receiving a second sound signal; first phase shifting
circuit means responsive to said first sound signal coming through
said first terminal for phase-shifting said first sound signal and
producing a first modified signal, second phase shifting circuit
means responsive to said second sound signal coming through said
second terminal for phase-shifting said second sound signal and
producing a second modified signal, each of said first and second
phase shifting circuits being operative to cause a phase reversal
of low frequency components of an applied input signal and
substantially no phase change of high frequency components of an
applied input signal, the phase shifting varying in dependence on
the frequency of the applied input signal; matrix circuit means
responsive to said first and second sound signals and the first and
second modified signals for producing respectively a first
difference signal and a second difference signal, said first
difference signal being a difference signal between said first
sound signal and said second modified signal, said second
difference signal being a difference signal between said second
sound signal and said first modified signal; third phase shifting
circuit means responsive to the first and second difference signals
for producing respectively a third sound signal and a fourth sound
signal, either of which are phase-shifted from the first and second
difference signals respectively such that the phase difference
between the third and fourth sound signals is within ninety
degrees; first amplifier means for amplifying said first sound
signal to be radiated from the front left side with respect to a
listener; second amplifier means for amplifying said second sound
signal to be radiated from the front right side with respect to the
listener; third amplifier means for amplifying said third sound
signal to be radiated from the rear left side with respect to the
listener; and fourth amplifier means for amplifying said fourth
sound signal to be radiated from the rear right side with respect
to the listener.
2. The reproducing system as defined in claim 1 wherein said matrix
circuit means comprises variable resistor means for simultaneously
changing level ratios of said first sound signal to said second
modified signal and of said second sound signal to said first
modified signal so that said first difference signal is a
difference signal between the level-changed first sound signal and
the level-changed second modified signal and said second difference
signal is a difference signal between the level-changed second
sound signal and the level-changed first modified signal.
3. The reproducing system as defined in claim 1 wherein said matrix
circuit means produces said first difference signal by crosstalking
in opposite phase, through at least one resistor having a
predetermined resistance value, said first sound signal and said
second modified signal, and also through at least one other
resistor having the predetermined resistance value, said second
sound signal and said first modified signal.
4. The reproducing system as defined in claim 3 further comprising
means for crosstalking the first and second sound signals in phase
between each other and producing the first sound signal crosstalked
in a predetermined amount with the second sound signal and the
second sound signal crosstalked in the predetermined amount with
the first sound signal, said first amplifier means for amplifying
the first sound signal crosstalked with the second sound signal,
said second amplifier means for amplifying the second sound signal
crosstalked with the first sound signal.
5. The reproducing system as defined in claim 1 wherein said first
sound signal is a left channel signal in two channel stereophonic
signals and said second sound signal is a right channel signal in
the two channel stereophonic signals.
6. The reproducing system as defined in claim 1 wherein the first
and second sound signals are respectively a left channel signal L
and a right channel signal R in two channel stereophonic signals
and said matrix circuit means crosstalks the left and right channel
signals in opposite phase between each other with a predetermined
amount of crosstalk .DELTA. and produces the first difference
signal (L - .DELTA.R) and the second difference signal (R
-.DELTA.L).
7. The reproducing system as defined in claim 6 further comprising
means for crosstalking the left and right channel signals in phase
between each other with the predetermined amount of crosstalk
.DELTA. and producing signals (L + .DELTA.R) and (R + .DELTA.L),
said first amplifier means for amplifying the signal (L +
.DELTA.R), said second amplifier means for amplifying the signal (R
+ .DELTA.L).
8. The reproducing system as defined in claim 1 further comprising
a first speaker disposed in the front left side in respect to the
listener for transducing the output signal of said first amplifier
means into a first sound, a second speaker disposed in the front
right side in respect to the listener for transducing the output
signal of said second amplifier means into a second sound, a third
speaker disposed in the rear left side in respect to the listener
for transducing the output signal of said third amplifier means
into a third sound, and a fourth speaker disposed in the rear right
side in respect to the listener for transducing the output signal
of said fourth amplifier means into a fourth sound.
Description
This invention relates to a multidimensional stereophonic
reproducing system and more particularly to an artificial
multidimensional stereophonic reproducing system such as an
artificial four channel system.
There has been used a multidimensional stereophonic reproducing
system in which information signals obtained from various sound
sources distributed in a space are recorded or transmitted as
multichannel signals and the multi-channel signals are reproduced
by a plurality of reproduced sound sources on the reproduction side
thereby to give a stereophonic impression to a listener. As a two
dimensional stereophonic reproducing system, there has been used a
two channel stereophonic reproducing system in which two channel
signals, i.e., left channel and right channel signals, are
reproduced from speakers arranged at left front and right front of
the listener. Besides this two channel system, there have been
proposed and used four channel stereophonic reproducing system such
as a front four channel stereophonic reproducing system in which
four channel reproduced sound sources are all arranged in the front
of the listener (hereinafter referred to as "4-0" system), a two
front channel-two rear channel stereophonic reproducing system in
which two channels of reproduced sound sources are respectively
arranged in the front and in the rear of the listener (hereinafter
referred to as "2--2" system) and a three front channel-one rear
channel stereophonic reproducing system in which three channels of
reproduced sound sources are arranged in the front of the listener
and one channel of reproduced sound source is disposed in the rear
(hereinafter referred to as "3-1" system).
It has been recognized that these four channel stereophonic
reproducing system is by far superior to the conventional two
channel stereophonic reproducing system in respect of degree of
reality, clearness in sound source orientation etc. It is to be
noted, however, that a multidimensional stereophonic reproducing
system of a multi-channel type such as four channels requires
multi-channel programme sources such as four channels.
This invention is designed to provide a multidimensional
stereophonic reproducing system in which a stereophonic reproduced
sound field according to the 2--2 system or the 3-1 system can be
artificially formed by employing two channel programme sources used
in a conventional stereophonic reproducing system.
In the aforementioned 2--2 system and 3-1 system, the sounds
radiated from the reproduced sound sources disposed in the rear of
the listener are mainly reflected sound, reverberation of the hall
etc. It is conceivable, therefore, to obtain a signal which
resembles the rear channel signal in the 2--2 system or 3-1 system
through a delay reverberation apparatus and utilize it as an effect
sound for an artificial multidimensional stereophonic reproduction.
However, a delay reverberation apparatus which is not of a large
type used for business purposes but of a simple one which can be
assembled in an apparatus for a domestic use is generally
insufficient in its performance and is short in its life. Besides,
even this simple type delay reverberation apparatus is considerably
expensive so that the manufacturing cost of the reproducing
apparatus becomes high. Consequently, the system which employs the
aforementioned delay reverberation apparatus cannot be put to a
practical use due to the aforementioned disadvantages.
The present invention provides a system in which a direct sound
component (e.g., a direct sound component of a musical instrument
or human voice) from a signal source which constitutes a two
channel stereo signal is effectively cancelled or reduced and an
indirect sound component including reflected sound of a musical
instrument or human voice, reverberation of the hall and a delay
reverberation component which is artificially added during mixing
operation in recording is effectively obtained and utilized. A
direct sound from a sound source generally reaches both left and
right microphones with an equal sound pressure and phase. However,
sound from the sound source which reaches the two microphones after
irregular reflection from walls, floor, ceiling etc. has little or
no regular characteristics which the direct sound has because of
its irregular path of travel. This irregular reflected sound
contributes to forming a vivid feeling of reality. In the system
according to the present invention, a difference signal between the
left channel signal and the right channel signal which compose the
two channel stereo signal is reproduced from rear speakers thereby
to sound the indirect sound.
In case the direct sound component of the two channel signals L and
R contain various components which are different in level or phase
from each other, the direct sound component tends to be included in
the effect sound signal for an artificial multidimensional
stereophonic reproduction. This problem can be overcome, as will be
described later, by suitably adjusting the level and phase of the
direct sound component of each channel signal L and R before the
difference signal is obtained from the channel signals L and R.
Again, if a low frequency component is lacking in the direct sound
component reproduced from the rear speakers, the degree of reality
is decreased and the indirect sound forms a reproduced sound field
which gives a loose, scattered impression thereby causing
unpleasant-ness, feeling of disharmony or phychological instability
to the listener. The system according to the invention, therefore,
is designed to settle this problem. According to the invention, a
modified signal which is obtained by inverting (changing) the phase
of a low frequency component of each channel signal is used for
obtaining a difference signal, so that a low frequency component is
not lacking in the indirect sound component of the difference
signals.
It is, therefore, a general object of the invention to provide a
novel and useful system in which a plurality of channel signals are
used for a stereophonic reproduction which is artificially made
more multi-dimensional than the actual number of channels.
Another object of the invention is to provide a system in which
indirect sounds such as reflected sound and reverberating sound are
obtained from difference signals of a plurality of channel signals
and a multi-dimensional stereophonic reproduced sound field is
formed by reproducing and sounding the indirect sounds from side or
behind the listener.
A further object of the invention is to provide a reproducing
system in which a direct sound component is almost completely
cancelled and an excellent difference signal component is obtained.
According to the system, the direct sound component is almost
completely cancelled by using a level correction circuit and a
phase correction circuit.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a reproducing
system in which difference signals are obtained by crosstalking the
plurality of channel signals with a suitable amount of crosstalk in
an opposite phase. By obtaining difference signals having a low
sound frequency component, a multidimensional stereophonic
reproduced sound field which has a vivid feeling of reality and
does not cause unpleasantness or feeling of disharmony to the
listener is formed.
Other objects and features of the invention will become apparent
from the description made hereinbelow with reference to the
accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram for explaining the principle of
first embodiment of the reproducing system according to the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the reproducing
system according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of electrical circuit
of the essential part of the block diagram shown in FIG.2;
FIG. 4 is a graphical diagram showing a phase correction
characteristic curve of a phase correction circuit shown in FIG.
3;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a third embodiment of the reproducing
apparatus according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of an electrical
circuit of the essential part of the block diagram shown in
FIG.5;
FIG. 7 is a graphical diagram showing a phase difference
characteristic between two channel signals of a channel signal
phase shifting circuit;
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing one concrete modified example
of the electrical circuit of the essential part of the circuit
shown in FIG.6;
FIG. 9 is a graphical diagram showing a frequency-phase
characteristic of the phase shifting circuit shown in FIG.8;
FIG. 10 is an electrical circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of
the reproducing apparatus according to the invention; and
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a frequency-phase shift characteristic
of the phase shifting circuit shown in FIG.10.
FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram of a theoretical first embodiment
of the system according to the invention. A left channel signal L
and a right channel signal R respectively applied to input
terminals 11 and 12 pass through preamplifiers 13 and 14 and are
amplified in output amplifiers 15 and 16. The signals L and R thus
amplified are respectively supplied to a speaker 18 disposed in the
left front and a speaker 19 disposed in the right front of a
listener 17 and sounded from these speakers.
In the meanwhile, the signals L and R which have passed through the
preamplifiers 13 and 14 are respectively applied to the bases of
transistors 21 and 22 of a matrix circuit 20 shown by a broken
line. A resistor 24 connected to the emitter of the transistor 21
and a resistor 25 connected to the collector of the transistor 22
are commonly connected to an amplifier 27. A resistor 23 connected
to the collector of the transistor 21 and a resistor 26 connected
to the emitter of the transistor 22 are commonly connected to an
amplifier 28. Signals +L and -L are respectively output from the
emitter and collector of the transistor 21, whereas signals +R and
-R are respectively output from the emitter and collector of the
transistor 22. Accordingly, a difference signal (L-R) is supplied
to the amplifier 27, and a difference signal (R-L) is supplied to
the amplifier 28. The signals (L-R) and (R-L) amplified by the
amplifiers 27 and 28 are respectively supplied to a speaker 29
disposed in the left rear and a speaker 30 disposed in the right
rear of the listener 17, and are reproduced and sounded from these
speakers.
Now these difference signals (L-R) and (R-L) will be considered
more in detail. In these difference signals, the component (direct
sound component) having the same level and phase in the L and R
signals have been cancelled by each other and do not exist now.
Consequently, the direct sound from the sound source is not
included in these difference signals, but only the indirect sound
compoment such as a reflected sound and reverberation in the hall
is contained.
Accordingly, only the indirect sound such as the reflected sound
and the reverberating sound are sounded from the speakers 29 and 30
relative to the listener 17 as an effective sound, and a four
channel stereophonic reproduction is artificially made on the basis
of a two channel programme source. Therefore, a stereophonic sound
field which has a greater degree of reality than the sound field in
the two chennel reproduction system using only the frong speakers
18 and 19 is formed.
There still remains a problem that in case the two channel signals
L and R contain various components which are different in level and
phase from each other, the direct sound component is included in
the difference signals (L-R) and (R-L). An embodiment in which this
problem has been overcome will be described with reference to
FIGS.2 to 4.
FIG.2 is a block diagram of the second embodiment of the system
according to the invention. In FIGS.1 and 2, the same component
parts are designated by the same reference numerals, and the
description thereof will be omitted. A left channel signal L and a
right channel signal R applied to the input terminals 11 and 12
pass through the preamplifiers 13 and 14 are supplied to the left
front speaker 18 and the right front speaker 19 through the
amplifiers 15 and 16 as in the above described first embodiment,
and are reproduced and sounded from these speakers.
The left and right channel signals L and R are on the other hand
supplied to a level correction circuit 40 and corrected in level
thereat. Signals L' and R' which have been corrected in level are
taken out from the level correction circuit. An output signal L'
from the level correction circuit 40 is supplied to a phase
correction circuit 41 where the signal is corrected in its phase as
will be described later. The signal L'.theta. which has been
corrected in phase is then supplied to a matrix circuit 42. An
output signal R from the level correction circuit 40 is also
supplied to the matrix circuit 42. The signals L'.theta. and R' are
matrixed in the matrix circuit 42 and output signals (L'.theta.-R')
and (R'-L'.theta.) from the matrix circuit 42 are amplified in
amplifiers 27 and 28. The signals thus amplified are reproduced and
sounded from rear speakers 29 and 30.
FIG.3 is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of a concrete
electrical circuit of the essential part in the block diagram shown
in FIG.2. The level correction circuit 40 consists of two channel
balancing volume controllers 50 and 51 which are actuated together.
By adjusting sliders which are actuated together of the volume
controller 50 and 51, the direct sound compoments in the left and
right channels L and R are adjusted so as to be equal in their
level.
The signal L' corrected in its level which has been obtained from
the slider of the volume controller 50 is supplied through a
coupling capacitor 53 to the base of a transistor 52 of the phase
correction circuit 41. A phase changing circuit composed of a
variable resistor 54 and a capacitor 55 is connected between the
collector and emitter of the transistor 52. Base biasing resistors
56 and 57 are connected to the base of the transistor 52, and a
collector resistor 58 and an emitter resistor 59 are respectively
connected to the collector and the emitter of the transistor 52. It
is possible to change the phase .theta. of the signal L' as shown
in FIG.4 by varying the value of resistance of the resistor 54. If
the value of resistance of the resistor 54 is changed from Ra to Rd
in such a manner as Ra>Rb>Rc>Rd, phase characteristics
corresponding to these values Ra to Rd undergo change as shown by
curves Pa, Pb, Pc and Pd in FIG.4. Accordingly, the output signal
of the phase correction circuit 41 which is obtained from the
connecting point of the variable resistor 54 and the capacitor 55
is supplied through a coupling capacitor 61 to the base of a
transistor 60 of the matrix circuit 42 as a signal L'.theta. which
is the left channel signal L corrected in its level and phase.
Transistors 60 and 62 of the matrix circuit 42 are respectively
connected at their emitter and collector with emitter resistors 63
and 64 and collector resistors 65 and 66. Base bias resistors 67,
68, 69, 70 are connected to the base of the transistors 60 and 62.
A capacitor 71 and a resistor 72 are connected in series to the
collector of the transistor 60, and a capacitor 73 and a resistor
74 are connected in series to the emitter thereof. A connecting
point 80 of the resistors 74 and 76 is connected to the amplifier
27. A connecting point 81 of the resistors 72 and 78 is connected
to the amplifier 28. The output signal R' from the slider of the
volume controller 51 is directly supplied to the base of the
transistor 62 through a coupling capacitor 79.
From the emitter and collector of the transistor 60, there are
respectively obtained signals L'.theta. and -L'.theta.. From the
emitter and collector of the transistor 62, there are respectively
obtained signals R' and -R'. Consequently, these signals are
matrixed through the resistors 72, 74, 76 and 78, and a difference
signal (L'.theta.-R') is obtained from the connecting point 80,
whereas a difference signal (R'-L'.theta.) is obtained from the
connecting point 81. These difference signals (L'.theta.-R') and
(R'-L'.theta.) are respectively sounded from the rear speakers 29
and 30.
According to the system of this embodiment, the levels and phases
of the left and right channel signals L and R are suitably adjusted
so that the difference signals do not contain the direct sound
compoment but contain only the indirect sound compoment.
The level correction circuit 40 and the phase correction circuit 41
can be used as if they were an effect volume in a so-called delay
reverberation effect apparatus to obtain a necessary output.
A more detailed examination of the difference signals in the first
embodiment shows that the degree of reality is insufficient due to
lack of a lower frequency compoment in the signals. In this case,
the indirect sound forms a reproduced sound field which gives a
loose, scattered feeling. This reproduced sound field is likely to
cause a slight unpleasantness or feeling of disharmony or a
phychlogical instability to the listener. A reflected sound or a
reverberating sound which reaches the ear of the listener in a real
concert hall includes sound of a low frequency component having a
large energy. Also, the indirect sound component in the two channel
signals L and R includes a large amount of low sound frequency
component. In most cases, a low sound frequency component is
generally included in the left and right channel signals with the
same phase and level. Accordingly, if the difference signal is
composed at the same level, the difference signal is devoid of a
major portion of the low sound frequency compoment. An embodiment
in which the foregoing problem has been overcome will be described
hereinbelow.
FIG.5 is a block diagram showing a third embodiment of the system
according to the invention. In FIGS.1 and 5, the same component
parts are designated by the same reference numerals and the
description thereof will be omitted. Left and right channel signals
L and R are input from the terminals 11 and 12 and pass through the
preamplifiers 13 and 14. Then the signals are supplied, on one
hand, to a variable crosstalk amount adjusting circuit 90. The two
signals L and R are adjusted, as will be described later, in their
crosstalk amount of the same phase in the variable crosstalk amount
asjusting circuit 90 and converted into signals +Li and +Ri . The
signals +Li and +Ri pass through amplifiers 15 and 16, where they
are converted into signals -Li and -Ri, and are reproduced and
sounded from speakers 18 and 19.
The left and right channel signals L and R from the preamplifiers
13 and 14 are respectively supplied, on the other hand, to phase
shifting circuits 91 and 92. Parts of the two signals L and R are
respectively inverted (changed) in their phases corresponding to
low sound frequency portions only in the phase shifting circuits 91
and 92, whereby the signals become modified signals
+L.DELTA..theta. and +R.DELTA..theta.. Signals -L and
+L.DELTA..theta. are supplied from the phase shifting circuit 91 to
a matrix circuit 93. Signals -R and +R.DELTA..theta. are supplied
from the phase shifting circuit 92 to the matrix circuit 93.
Difference signals -(L'-R'.DELTA..theta.) and
-(R'-L'.DELTA..theta.) which are adjusted in level and matrixed in
the matrix circuit 93 are respectively supplied to channel signal
phase shifting circuits 94 and 95 where they are given a phase
difference .phi. within 90.degree. between them. Output signals
-[(L'-R'.DELTA..theta.).DELTA..phi..sub.1 ] and
-[(R'-L'.DELTA..theta.).DELTA..phi..sub.2 ] of the channel signal
phase shifting circuits 94 and 95 respectively pass through
amplifying and frequency characteristic compensation circuits 96
and 97 and are reproduced and sounded from rear speakers 29 and
30.
Even in case the input signals applied to the terminals 11 and 12
are monaural signals, a multidimensional stereophonic reproduced
sound field can be artificially formed because a low frequency
portion of the signals is reproduced as rear signals.
FIG.6 is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of concrete electrical
circuit which constitutes the essential part of the block diagram
shown in FIG.5. The variable crosstalk amount adjusting circuit 90
adjusts the amount of crosstalk between the left and right channels
L and R by a variable resistor 100, so that the separation between
the two channels can be varied, for example, within a range between
about 8 dB and about 20 dB. By this variable adjustment, it is
possible to achieve an effect that the orientation of the
reproduced sound source is shifted in the forward and backward
directions of the reproduced sound field. The left and right
channels L and R are crosstalked in phase in the variable crosstalk
amount adjusting circuit 90 and converted to signals Li and Ri
having modified information contents. The signals Li and Ri are
supplied to amplifiers 15 and 16 consisting respectively of
transistors 103 and 104 of a grounded emitter type. Output signals
-Li and -Ri from the amplifiers 15 and 16 are reproduced and
sounded from the front speakers 18 and 19 as previously described.
In the foregoing and following descriptions, positive and negative
symbols affixed to the signals indicate the polarities of the
signals. It will therefore be readily understood that if a circuit
having a construction different from the one shown in FIG.6 is
used, the polarities of the signals will be different from those
described above.
In the meanwhile, the left and right channel signals L and R are
respectively supplied to the bases of transistors 105 and 106
through capacitors 107 and 108. Signals -L and -R are respectively
obtained across collector resistors 109 and 110 of the transistors
105 and 106, and signals +L and +R are obtained across emitter
resistors 111 and 112 of the same. The signals -L and -R obtained
from the collectors of the transistors 105 and 106 are respectively
supplied to resistors 119 and 122 of the matrix circuit 93 through
capacitors 113 and 114. The signals +L and +R obtained from the
emitters of the transistors 105 and 106 are respectively inverted
in their phase in low frequency portions through a phase shifting
circuit consisting of capacitor 115 and a resistor 116 connected
between the emitter and collector of the transistor 105 and a phase
shifting circuit consisting of a capacitor 117 and a resistor 118
connected between the emitter and collector of the transistor 106.
Thus, the signals are changed to modified signals +L.DELTA..theta.
and +R.DELTA..theta.. These signals +L.DELTA..theta. and
+R.DELTA..theta. are respectively supplied to resistors 121 and 120
of the matrix circuit 93. A desired low frequency at which the
phase is to be inverted can be selected by suitably selecting the
values of capacitance of the capacitors 115 and 117 and the values
of resistance of the resistors 116 and 118.
In the phase shifting circuits 91 and 92 having a construction as
shown in FIG.6, the amount of phase shifting in the low frequency
portion of the original signals +L and +R increases as the
frequency decreases. Accordingly, in the above described circuits,
the phase of the signal in all low frequencies is not uniformly
shifted by 180.degree. from the phase of the original signal (phase
inversion in a usual sense of the word). The modified signal which
is inverted in phase in a desired low frequency portion according
to the invention includes a modified signal obtained through the
phase shifting circuits 91 and 92 which is changed in its phase in
the desired low frequency portion from the phase of the original
signal. Again, the polarities of the signals obtained from the
phase shifting circuits 91 and 92 are different depending upon the
construction of the circuits 91 and 92. The polarities have only to
be ones which enables the difference signals to be obtained in the
matrix circuit 93, and are not limited to the ones in the foregoing
embodiment.
Input lines 125 and 126 of the variable crosstalk amount adjusting
circuit 90 may be connected to points 127 and 128 on the emitters
of the transistors 105 and 106 of the phase shifting circuits 91
and 92.
In the matrix circuit 93, a variable resistor 123 is connected
between resistors 119 and 120. A variable resistor 124 which is
linked with the variable resistor 123 is connected between
resistors 121 and 122. Due to the resistors 119 and 120 and the
variable resistor 123, the signal -L from the collector of the
transistor 105 and the signal +R.DELTA..theta. from the emitter of
the transistor 106 are mixed together, and a resultant difference
signal is output from the slider of the variable resistor 123 and
supplied to a variable resistor 129. Due also to the resistors 121
and 122 and the variable resistor 124, the signal -R from the
collector of the transistor 106 and the signal +L.DELTA..theta.
from the emitter of the transistor 105 are mixed together, and a
resultant difference signal is output from the slider of the
variable resistor 124 and supplied to a variable resistor 130 which
is linked with the variable resistor 129.
The signals -L and +R.DELTA..theta. and the signals -R and
+L.DELTA..theta. are respectively mixed with each other into
difference signals [-(L-R.DELTA..theta.)] and
[-(R-L.DELTA..theta.)]. It is to be noted here that the modified
signals R.DELTA..theta. and L.DELTA..theta. which are deducted from
the signal L and R have been obtained, as previously described, by
inverting (changing) the phases of the signals L and R in low
frequency portion. Accordingly, the low frequency portions in the
difference signals [- (L-R.DELTA. 1/4)] and [- (R-
L.DELTA..theta.)] are developed as sum signals [(the low frequency
portion of the signal L) + (the low frequency portion of the signal
R) ] and [(the low frequency portion of the signal R) + (the low
frequency portion of the signal L) ] . The remaining portions of
the modified signals R .DELTA..theta. and L .DELTA..theta. which
have not been inverted (changed) in phase become difference signals
which are of a composition similar to a simple difference signal.
Accordingly, the difference signals [-(L -R .DELTA..theta.)] and
[-(R -L .DELTA..theta.)] include a sufficient amount of low
frequency component, so that an artificial stereophonic reproduced
sound field having a vivid feeling of reality can be obtained when
these signals are reproduced and sounded from the rear
speakers.
By adjusting the linked variable resistors 123 and 124, the level
ratio of the respective channel signal can be shifted from 1 : 1.
Namely, if the respective slider of the variable resistors 123 and
124 are at their middle positions, a mixing ratio of the signal -L
and the signal +R .DELTA..theta. and that of the signal -R and the
signal +L .DELTA..theta. are respectively 1 : 1. If however, the
sliders are at positions which are shifted from the middle
positions, the mixing ratio of the signal -L and the signal +R
.DELTA..theta. and that of the signal -R and the signal +L
.DELTA..theta. are shifted from the ratio of 1 : 1. The output
difference signals of the matrix circuit 93 in which the mixing
ratio is shifted from 1 : 1 are expressed by
[-(L'-R'.DELTA..theta.)] and [-(R'-L'.DELTA..theta.)]. By making
the mixing ratio variable in the foregoing manner, a portion of
signal component which might have been lost in a difference signal
obtained by mixing the signals without changing the signal level,
i.e., at a mixing ratio of 1 : 1 is retained. Consequently, the
tone quality of the difference signal itself is improved and the
stability of the whole reproduced sound field is increased. Thus, a
reproduced sound field which causes no unpleasantness or feeling of
disharmony to the listener can be created.
The output difference signals [-(L'-R'.DELTA..theta.)] and
[-(R'-L'.DELTA..theta.)] of the matrix circuit 93 are adjusted in
their level by the variable resistors 129 and 130 and then supplied
to the bases of transistors 131 and 132 of the channel signal phase
shifting circuits 94 and 95. A resistor 133 and a capacitor 134 are
connected between the collector and the emitter of the transistor
131. A resistor 135 and a capacitor 136 are connected between the
collector and the emitter of the transistor 132. Outputs are
obtained from a connecting point of the resistor 133 and the
capacitor 134 and a connecting point of the resistor 135 and the
capacitor 136.
One embodiment of frequency-phase shift characteristic between the
two channel signals in case the channel signal phase shifting
circuits 94 and 95 are used is shown by curves I and II in FIG. 7.
According to the characteristic curves in this embodiment, the
phase difference between the two channel signals is small both in
low and high sound frequencies. Modifications may be made, however,
by, for example, making the phase difference between the two
channel signals uniform over the whole sound frequency range or
making the phase difference between the two channel signals small
in a low frequency portion and uniformly large in other frequency
portion.
The difference signals [-(L'-R'.DELTA..theta.).DELTA..phi..sub.1 ]
and [-(R'-L'.DELTA..theta.).DELTA..phi..sub.2 ] which are given the
phase difference within 90.degree. between the two channel signals
in the channel signal phase shifting circuits 94 and 95 are
respectively supplied to the bases of the transistors 137 and 138
of the amplifying and frequency circuits characteristic
compensation circuits 96 and 97. In this case, the phase difference
between the angles .phi..sub.1 and .phi..sub.2 should be held at
90.degree. at the maximum. As described above, the phases of the
signal compents in opposite phase which are included relatively
abundantly in both of the difference signals are shifted from the
opposite phase relation in the channel signal phase shifting
circuits 94 and 95. Thus, the sound of the reproduced sound field
due to the rear signals are oriented to some extent, and the sound
of the indirect sound component reproduced from the rear signals
are made closely natural, having a feeling of definiteness and
expansion.
The amplifier and frequency characteristic compensation circuits 96
and 97 consist respectively of amplifier circuits comprising
transistors 137 and 138 and CR type tone quality adjusting circuits
of a known construction comprising resistors 139 to 142, capacitors
147 and 148, a switch 151, resistors 143 and 146, capacitors 149
and 150 and a switch 152. Signals which have been amplified to the
required level and compensated in their frequency characteristics
in view of high frequency components, distortions, noise components
etc. in the circuits 96 and 97 are reproduced and sounded as an
indirect sound from the rear speakers 29 and 30. Thus, an excellent
artificial four channel stereophonic reproduced sound field is
created.
An example of other concrete modified circuit of the phase shifting
circuits 91 and 92, the matrix circuits 93 and the channel signal
phase shifting circuits 94 and 95 described with reference to FIG.
6 is shown in FIG. 8. In FIGS. 6 and 8, the same component parts
are designated by the same reference numerals and the description
thereof will be omitted. In FIG. 8, the signal -L from the
collector of a transistor 105 and the signal +R .DELTA..theta. from
the emitter of a transistor 106 are respectively mixed by resistors
160 and 162. The signal -R from the collector of the transistor 106
and the signal +L .DELTA..theta. from the emitter of the transistor
105 are respectively mixed and matrixed by resistors 163 and
161.
In a variable crosstalk amount adjusting circuit 90 for front left
and front right channel signals, crosstalking is made in phase, for
example, (0.92L + 0.38R) or (0.92R + 0.38L). Whereas, in phase
shifting circuits 91 and 92 and a matrix circuit for rear left and
rear right channel signals, crosstalking is made in opposite phase,
for example, (0.92L - 0.38R) or (0.92R- 0.38L). In this case, the
crosstalk in opposite phase is made with respect to 32Hz and over.
In the difference signal of the two channel signals L and R, low
frequency signals which are almost monaural signals in frequencies
below 30 Hz leave a small portion of different waveform when they
are cancelled by each other. This residual waveform produces
distortions and unclearness in sound. In order to prevent
occurrence of this residual waveform, in-phase crosstalk is made in
frequencies below 30 Hz which have no influence on the stereophonic
effect whatsoever.
The difference signals which have been crosstalked in opposite
phase are supplied to the gates of field effect transistors (FET)
164 and 165. If impedances of resistors 133 and 135 connected to
the drains of the FET's 164 and 165 are smaller than impedances of
capacitors 134 and 136 connected to the sources thereof, the
signals flow from the drains. If the impedances of the resistors
133 and 135 become greater than the impedances of the capacitors
134 and 136, the signals flow from the sources. On the other hand,
the drain is in opposite phase and the source is in phase with the
gate. Consequently, phase characteristic is 0.degree. in low
frequencies and approaches -180.degree. as frequency increases, as
shown in FIG. 9. The frequency at which the impedance of the
resistor and that of the capacitor coincide with each other is the
shift frequency, which becomes -90.degree..
In the present embodiment, the values of resistance of the
resistors 133 and 135 are respectively 8.2 K.OMEGA. and 6.8
K.OMEGA. whereas the values of capacitance of the capacitors 134
and 136 are respectively 0.22 .mu.F and 0.04 .mu.F. The frequency
f.sub.1 at which the phase lags by 90.degree. in respect of the
channel system of the FET 164 is
f.sub.1 = 1/2.pi. .times. 8.2 .times. 10.sup.3 .times. 0.22 .times.
10.sup..sup.-6) .apprxeq. 88 Hz
The frequency f.sub.2 regarding the channel system of the FET 165
is
f.sub.2 = 1/2.pi. .times. 6.8 .times. 10.sup.3 .times. 0.047
.times. 10.sup.-.sup.6) .apprxeq. 500 Hz
FIG. 10 is an electrical circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of
an apparatus to which the system according to the invention is
applicable. The left and right channel signals L and R from the
input terminals 11 and 12 is applied through coupling circuits
consisting of a resistor 172 and a capacitor 173, and a resistor
174 and a capacitor 175 to the bases of transistors 176 and 177 of
amplifier circuits 170 and 171. Resistors 178, 179, 180 and 181 are
respectively base biasing resistors for the transistors 176 and
177. Resistors 182 and 183 are respectively collector resistor and
emitter resistor of the transistor 176. Resistors 184 and 185 are
collector resistor and emitter resistor of the transistor 177.
A resistor 186 is connected between the emitter of the transistor
176 and the emitter of the transistor 177. The resistor 186
disposed between the two amplifier circuits 170 and 171 causes
signals in the amplifier circuits to be crosstalked in opposite
phase. Accordingly, difference signals which are in opposite phase
with each other are obtained in respective amplifier circuits 170
and 171. Namely, the transistor 176 of the amplifier circuit 170
amplifies the input signal L applied to the base thereof and the
signal R developed at the emitter of the transistor 177 and
supplied through the resistor 186 to the emitter of the transistor
176, and outputs a difference signal [-(L -.alpha.R)] from its
collector. The transistor 177 of the amplifier circuit 171 likewise
amplifies the input signal R applied to the base thereof and the
signal L developed at the emitter of the transistor 176 and
supplied through the resistor 186 to the emitter of the transistor
177, and outputs a difference signal [-(R -.alpha.L)] from its
collector.
The coefficient .alpha. in the above difference signals varies with
the values of resistance of the emitter resistors 183 and 185 of
the transistors 176 and 177 and the resistor 186. The crosstalk
amount in opposite phase of the opposite channel signal to be given
between the two amplifier circuits 170 and 171 can be set at a
desired value by suitably selecting the values of resistance of
each aforementioned resistor. If, for example, the coefficient
.alpha. is selected at 0.5, an excellent result can be
obtained.
The difference signal [-(L -.alpha.R)] developed at the collector
of the transistor 176 passes through a capacitor 187 and, after
being reinforced in a signal component in low frequencies by a low
sound reinforcing circuit consisting of a capacitor 189 and a
resistor 190 connected in series, is output from a slider 191a of a
variable resistor 191. A difference signal [-(R -.alpha.L)]
developed at the collector of the transistor 177 passes through a
capacitor 188 and, after being reinforced in a signal component in
low frequencies by a low sound reinforcing circuit consisting of a
capacitor 192 and a resistor 193 connected in series, is output
from a slider 194a of a variable resistor 194. The signals output
from the sliders 191a and 194a of the variable resistors 191 and
194 are supplied through coupling circuits consisting of capacitors
199 and 200 and resistors 201 and 202 to the bases of transistors
197 and 198 of phase shifting circuits 195 and 196.
Inasmuch as the above described low sound reinforcing circuit is of
a type in which the signal level in low sound frequencies is
relatively reinforced by lowering the signal level in middle and
high sound frequencies, an amplifier circuit is generally required.
In the present embodiment, however, the circuits of the transistors
176 and 177 have gains, so that no particular amplifier circuit is
required. Further, by constituting this low sound reinforcing
circuit so that it has a characteristic that it can compensate
difference in frequency-response characteristic between the two
channels which takes place when phase shifting circuits 195 and 196
to be described later have frequency-response characteristics which
are different from each other, an apparatus which has a balanced
characteristic between the two channels can be constructed with
relatively few component parts.
In the phase shifting circuits 195 and 196, resistors 203, 204 and
resistors 205, 206 are respectively base biasing resistors of
transistors 197 and 198. Resistors 207 and 209 are collector
resistors and resistors 208 and 210 are emitter resistors of the
transistors 197 and 198. A resistor 211 and a capacitor 212 are
connected between the collector and emitter of the transistor 197.
A resistor 213 and a capacitor 214 are connected between the
collector and emitter of the transistor 198. The output of the
phase shifting circuit 195 is obtained from a connecting point of
the resistor 211 and the capacitor 212, and the output of the phase
shifting circuit 196 is obtained from a connecting point of the
resistor 213 and the capacitor 214.
The outputs of the phase shifting circuits 195 and 196 are signals
[(L -.alpha.R) .DELTA..phi..sub.1 ] and [)R- .phi.L)
.DELTA..phi..sub.2 ] which are signals in the neighborhood of an
accoustically required frequency band and given a phase difference
below 90.degree. from each other. Frequency-phase shifting
characteristics of the phase shifting circuits 195 and 196 are
shown in FIG. 11. The frequencies f.sub.1 and f.sub.2 shown in FIG.
11 are respectively expressed in the equations
f.sub.1 = 1/(2.pi. C.sub.212 R.sub.211) (1) f.sub.2 = 1/(2.pi.
C.sub.214 (2) ub.213)
where C.sub.212 and C.sub.214 are values of capacitance of the
capacitors 212 and 214, and R.sub.211 and R.sub.213 are values of
resistance of the resistors 211 and 213.
The output signals [(L -.alpha.R) .DELTA..phi..sub.1 ] and [(R
-.alpha.L) .DELTA..phi..sub.2 ] supplied from the phase shifting
circuits 195 and 196 to resistors 217 and 218 through capacitors
215 and 216 are obtained from output terminals 219 and 220. The
phase difference in the neighborhood of the accoustically required
frequency band is .phi..sub.1 -.phi..sub.2 .apprxeq. 90.degree..
Due to the phase difference of about 90.degree. given to the two
indirect rear signals in frequencies below several KHz by
employment of the phase shifting circuits 195 and 196, a right side
reverberating sound is heard from the right side and a left side
reverberating sound is heard from the left side of the reproduced
sound field. Accordingly, the unnatural feeling due to lack in the
sense of orientation which is likely to occur when the two channel
signals are composed in opposite phase with each other is
prevented.
Nextly, one example of constants of each element used in the
circuit shown in FIG. 10 is shown below.
Resistor 172, 174 470 K .OMEGA. 178, 180 " 179, 180 270 K .OMEGA.
182, 184 5.6 K .OMEGA. 183,185 " 186 5.6 K .OMEGA. 190, 193 8.2 K
.OMEGA. 207, 210 4.7 K .OMEGA. 212 0.22 .mu.F 214 0.047 .mu.F 215,
216 0.68 .mu.F/25V
the frequencies f.sub.1 and f.sub.2 calculated on the basis of the
foregoing constants are given as
f.sub.1 = 1(2.pi. .times. 0.022 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.6 .times. 8.2
.times. 10.sup.3) .apprxeq. 88 Hz
and
f.sub.2 = 1/(2.pi. .times. 0.047 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.6 .times. 6.8
.times. 10.sup.3) .apprxeq. 500 Hz
Accordingly, the sound from the left rear speaker has a phase
difference of 90.degree. at 88 Hz relative to the sound from the
left front speaker. The sound from the right rear speaker has a
phase difference of 90.degree. at 500 Hz relative to the sound from
the right front speaker. Again, the sounds from the left and right
rear speakers have a phase difference of 90.degree. over a wide
frequency range with a center frequency of 300 Hz.
In the meanwhile, the input signals L and R from the input
terminals 11 and 12 are applied through resistors 221 and 222 and
capacitors 223 and 224 to the bases of transistors 225 and 226 as
front signals. The collector output of the transistor 225 is
obtained from an output terminal 229 through a capacitor 227 and a
resistor 228. The collector output of the transistor 226 is
obtained from an output terminal 232 through a capacitor 230 and a
resistor 231. The resistors 228 and 231 are connected by a resistor
233. Consequently, the outputs of the transistors 225 and 226 are
crosstalked in phase, and signals (L + .DELTA.R) and (R + .DELTA.L)
are respectively obtained from terminals 229 and 232.
While the invention has been described with respect to the specific
embodiments, various modifications and variations thereof will be
apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the
scope of the invention which is set forth in the appended
claims.
* * * * *