U.S. patent number 3,741,552 [Application Number 04/809,661] was granted by the patent office on 1973-06-26 for system and method for carbonating beverages.
Invention is credited to Harry G. Mojonnier, Sigmund P. Skoli, Chester J. Witt.
United States Patent |
3,741,552 |
Skoli , et al. |
June 26, 1973 |
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CARBONATING BEVERAGES
Abstract
A method and a system for carbonating a liquid product. The
improved method attainable with the instant system provides a
multi-stage carbonation procedure which achieves more accurate and
more dependable control of the degree of carbonation of the final
product. A primary carbonation process is utilized to pre-carbonate
the liquid product prior to a final carbonating procedure which is
capable of providing a uniformly carbonated, stable product. The
primary carbonating step is effective to pre-condition the product
prior to the secondary carbonating procedure, such that control of
the end product may be achieved by adjustment in the primary
carbonation process. The primary and secondary carbonation
processes are isolated, one from the other, such that primary
carbonation may take place at substantially constant pressure,
unaffected by any pressure variations that might occur in the
secondary treatment.
Inventors: |
Skoli; Sigmund P. (Chicago,
IL), Witt; Chester J. (Chicago, IL), Mojonnier; Harry
G. (Chicago, IL) |
Family
ID: |
25201906 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/809,661 |
Filed: |
March 24, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
261/140.1;
261/18.1; 261/DIG.7; 95/250; 96/201 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01F
23/2363 (20220101); Y10S 261/07 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B01F
3/04 (20060101); B01f 003/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;261/76,84,19,140
;99/275 ;222/1 ;55/46,195,193,170,39,159 ;62/69,306 ;137/504 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lutter; Frank W.
Claims
The invention is claimed as follows:
1. A system for carbonating a liquid product, said system
comprising: a closed fluid line; means for supplying liquid product
to said fluid line at a substantially constant pressure; primary
carbonating means associated with said fluid line for introducing
carbon dioxide into said product at a preset rate to attain a
degree of carbonation of said product; secondary carbonating
apparatus receiving the product after primary carbonation, said
apparatus including a tank within which said carbon dioxide
atmosphere is established, a plurality of baffled plates or the
like positioned within said tank, such that liquid product will
flow thereover to subject said product to the carbon dioxide
atmosphere, means for maintaining said atmosphere at a
predetermined pressure level, and means to maintain the temperature
of said product within a selected temperature range whereby the
subjecting of said product to this controled atmosphere of carbon
dioxide attains a final desired degree of carbonation; and control
means providing the communication between said primary fluid line
and the secondary carbonating apparatus, said control means
including means for isolating said fluid line from the pressure in
said secondary carbonating apparatus so that a substantially
constant pressure in said fluid line will be maintained during
primary carbonation, unaffected by the pressure of said atmosphere
in the secondary carbonating apparatus.
2. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said means for supplying
the product to said fluid line include degerating apparatus for
removing substantially all air and other gases from said liquid
product.
3. A system as defined in claim 2 wherein said deaerating apparatus
includes means to cool the liquid product after deaeration, such
that the temperature of said product upon entering said fluid line
is within a preselected range.
4. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said means for providing
a product to a fluid line include a mixing unit which combines a
base liquid with a flavoring additive or the like to produce a
non-carbonated, mixed product for subsequent carbonation.
5. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said secondary
carbonating apparatus includes means to maintain the carbon dioxide
atmosphere at a predetermined pressure level.
6. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said control means
isolating the primary carbonating apparatus from the secondary
carbonating apparatus includes a pressure modulated valve, and
means for operating said valve such that said valve functions as an
orifice varying device to regulate the rate of flow in said fluid
line with relation to the amount of product available for supply to
said line, thereby maintaining substantially constant flow
conditions in said line.
7. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said means for supplying
product to said fluid line includes a pump discharging fluid at
substantially a constant pressure.
8. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said primary carbonating
means include means to directly introduce carbon dioxide into
product flowing in said fluid line.
9. Apparatus for use in a system for producing a carbonated
beverage product, said apparatus including: a closed fluid line;
means for supplying non-carbonated liquid product to said line at a
substantially constant pressure; primary carbonating means
associated with said line for introducing carbon dioxide into said
line at a preset rate to effect pre-carbonation of said product;
and valve means adapted to provide communication between said fluid
line and a pressurized secondary carbonating means at a point
downstream from the point where said primary carbonation takes
place, said valve means including means for isolating said fluid
line from the pressure in the secondary carbonating means so that
the introduction of carbon dioxide into said fluid line may take
place with the product therein at a substantially constant
pressure.
10. Apparatus as defined in claim 9, wherein said primary
carbonating means includes adjustable control means for setting the
rate of flow of carbon dioxide into said fluid line.
11. Apparatus as defined in claim 9, wherein said means for
supplying non-carbonated liquid to said fluid line includes a
reservoir and a float arrangement operably connected with said
valve means, whereby said valve means may be operated by said float
to control the rate of flow of product in said fluid line.
12. A method for carbonating a liquid product, said method
comprising the steps of: providing a product to be carbonated to a
closed fluid line; maintaining the product to said line under
substantially constant, predetermined pressure conditions;
precarbonating the product while in said fluid line to effect an
initial carbonation of said product; introducing said product to a
secondary carbonating process wherein said liquid product is
subjected to a pressurized atmosphere of carbon dioxide to attain a
desired degree of carbonation of said product; and isolating said
fluid line from the pressure in the secondary carbonating process,
such that the pressure in said line is unaffected by said secondary
process and said precarbonating of the product takes place with the
pressure in said line substantially constant for a given rate of
flow.
13. A method as defined in claim 12 wherein said step of
pre-carbonating the product includes introducing carbon dioxide
directly into the product.
14. A method as defined in claim 13 further including adjusting the
rate of flow of carbon dioxide depending on the degree of
carbonation desired and that being attained.
15. A method as defined in claim 12 wherein said step of subjecting
the pre-carbonated product to a secondary carbonating process
includes flowing said pre-carbonated product over a plurality of
plates in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide so that said
pre-carbonated product may absorb or expel carbon dioxide to attain
the desired degree of carbonation.
16. A method as defined in claim 15 further including the step of
maintaining the pressure of said carbon dioxide atmosphere at
substantially a predetermined level to assure proper carbonation to
the degree desired.
17. A method as defined in claim 16 further including the step of
maintaining the temperature of the pre-carbonated product between
the desired temperature range during the subjection of said product
to the carbon dioxide atmosphere in said secondary carbonating
process.
18. A method as defined in claim 12 wherein said step of providing
a liquid product to a fluid line includes deaerating of said
product prior to introduction into said line such that said product
is substantially free of air and other gases prior to
carbonation.
19. A method as defined in claim 18 wherein said step of deaerating
the liquid includes the step of cooling said liquid to a
temperature within a preselected range for efficient absorption of
carbon dioxide gas.
20. A method as defined in claim 12 wherein said step of providing
said product to a fluid line includes mixing a base liquid with a
flavoring additive or the like to produce a mixed liquid
product.
21. A system for producing a carbonated soft drink beverage or a
similar product, said system comprising: means for cooling a base
liquid to be used in the production of the final carbonated
product; mixing apparatus receiving said cooled liquid for
combining therewith in a predetermined ratio a flavoring additive
to produce a non-carbonated mixed product; a closed fluid line for
receiving the non-carbonated mixed product from said mixing
apparatus; means for delivering the non-carbonated product to said
fluid line from said mixing apparatus under substantially constant
pressure conditions; primary carbonating apparatus associated with
said fluid line for directly introducing carbon dioxide into said
non-carbonated mixed product in said line to effect a primary
carbonation resulting in a pre-carbonated product; secondary
carbonating apparatus in the form of a carbonator-cooler connected
with said fluid line downstream of the point at which said primary
carbonation takes place, said carbonator-cooler including means to
maintain the pre-carbonated product within a narrow temperature
range and means for subjecting said product to a carbon dioxide
atmosphere to achieve the final degree of carbonation desired; and
variable orifice means interposed between said fluid line and said
secondary carbonating means to isolate said fluid line from the
internal pressure of said carbonator-cooler so that carbon dioxide
may be introduced into said line during primary carbonation with
the pressure of said line substantially constant and unaffected by
that of said carbonator-cooler.
22. A system as defined in claim 21 further including deaerating
means for said liquid such that said liquid is substantially free
of air and other gases prior to mixing with a flavoring additive
and subsequent carbonation thereof.
23. A system as defined in claim 21 wherein said primary
carbonating apparatus includes means to adjust the rate of flow of
carbon dioxide to the product in said line.
24. A system as defined in claim 21 wherein said carbonator-cooler
includes means to maintain the pressure of the carbon dioxide
atmosphere at a preselected level.
25. A system as defined in claim 21 wherein said mixing apparatus
includes a reservoir for the non-carbonated mixed product, and
means associated with said reservoir to control said variable
orifice means and thereby regulate the rate of flow to said
carbonator-coller dependent upon the amount of product in said
reservoir.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the carbonation of liquid
beverages. More particularly, the present invention is concerned
with the provision of an improved system and method for attaining
controlled uniformity in carbonated products.
In the manufacture of carbonated beverages, such as beer, soft
drinks, or the like, the degree of carbonation is an essential
factor which affects the taste and the general quality of the final
product. The degree of carbonation of a beverage is expressed in
terms of the volume of absorbed carbon dioxide to a given liquid
volume. It is known in the art that different beverages require
varying degrees of carbonation in order to attain the most
desirable end product. For example, with cola beverages, a high
degree of carbonation is desired, on the order of four volumes of
carbon dioxide to each volume of liquid. On the other hand, with
other soft drink beverages, the degree of carbonation is somewhat
less, and will vary from one and one-half volumes upwards,
depending on the particular product.
Bottlers of carbonated beverages are aware that the degree of
carbonation is critical to taste and quality of their products;
accordingly, they employ rigid testing procedures to insure that
uniform carbonation is maintained in the products coming off their
bottling or canning lines. Such being the case, bottlers are
continually seeking carbonating systems and methods which will
enable them to attain a high degree of controlled uniformity in
their day-to-day operations, and which can be easily and quickly
adjusted to remedy variations from prescribed standards, once
detected.
In addition, a bottling line may be used for a variety of
carbonated products requiring various degrees of carbonation. Thus,
it is extremely desirable, and beneficial to a bottler, to have a
system which can be initially set up and then adjusted, if needed,
to attain optimum operating conditions in the shortest time
possible for each product run.
Prior to the present invention, the carbonating of beverages was
effected primarily by either of two rather distinct processes; a
carbonating-cooling process and the direct injection method. Both
of these methods, while capable of attaining satisfactory end
results, are subject to certain disadvantages.
The conventional carbonator-cooler employs a tank housing a series
of stacked baffled plates over which the liquid to be carbonated is
flowed. Since it is known that the ability of a liquid to absorb
carbon dioxide varies inversely with its temperature, the baffled
plates may be cooled, or some other means employed, to maintain the
temperature of the liquid within a desired range. A carbon dioxide
atmosphere is maintained in the tank under a controlled pressure so
that the liquid is subjected to this atmosphere and absorbs carbon
dioxide, thus attaining the desired degree of carbonation.
The conventional carbonator-cooler is subject to certain
disadvantages. For example, if the incoming beverage liquid is not
pre-cooled, it initially will not readily absorb gas and the
desired degree of carbonation is then difficult to attain. To
overcome this problem, the carbonator-cooler has often been
operated at higher pressures than the theoretical carbon dioxide
saturation pressures which would normally be needed, While this
achieves the desired degree of carbonation within the
carbonator-cooler itself, once the carbonated liquid passes out of
the carbonator-cooler any material drop in pressure caused carbon
dioxide to be released with resultant foaming of the liquid -- a
phenomenon referred to in the art as "flashing".
From the following, it can be seen that attainment of the desired
degree of carbonation from a carbonator-cooler requires that a
number of parameters must be taken into account, viz., the
condition of the liquid as to gases dissolved therein; the
temperature of the liquid entering the tank; the pressure, as well
as the purity, of the carbon dioxide atmosphere; and the rate of
cooling within the tank. Thus, while capable of producing refined
and uniform results, the carbonator-cooler is extremely sensitive
to variations in these parameters, with the degree of carbonation
of a product varying accordingly. With this type of unit, once a
variation from a prescribed standard is detected in the bottled
product, adjustment of these parameters to bring the end product
back to the norm is no simple task and requires a highly skilled
and knowledgeable operator.
Irrespective of the shortcomings enumerated above, the
carbonator-cooler has proven to be extremely effective in producing
a product with the desired degree of carbonation. Also, the product
upon emergence from this unit is relatively stable and not subject
to flashing, provided excessive pressure have not been employed.
The main disadvantage with the conventional carbonator-cooler is
that adjustment or control is not easily accomplished, once the
system is in operation.
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the conventional
carbonator-cooler, it has been proposed to employ a direct
carbonation system. With this type of system carbon dioxide, in
either liquid or gaseous form, is injected directly into a
fluid-carrying line prior to the mixing with a flavoring additive,
proponents of this method assert that it does away with the high
pressure encountered in the carbonator-cooler arrangement and that
better control and stabilization can be obtained. However, in
practice this system has not provided the uniformity of product
demanded by bottlers and attainable with the older
carbonator-cooler type system. One problem encountered with the
direct introduction system has been that regulation of the degree
of carbonation of the end product is attained only with difficulty.
Also, as the various parameters of the system, such as temperature
of the liquid, line pressure, and gas pressure in cooling chambers
of the like, vary so does the quality of the end product.
Accordingly, it is a general object of the present invention to
provide an improved system and method for carbonating liquids which
achieve a uniform product and permit quick adjustment to maintain
said uniformity in day-to-day operations.
More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to
provide a multi-stage carbonating process wherein pre-carbonation
is attained by directly introducing carbon dioxide into a fluid
line carrying the product, with a secondary, highly accurate,
carbonating process employed to assure and/or attain the final
degree of carbonation desired.
Still another object of the present invention is the provision of a
multi-stage carbonating process wherein direct introduction of
carbon dioxide into a fluid line is employed to attain
pre-carbonation of the liquid, the amount of carbon dioxide so
introduced being easily adjusted to accommodate variations in the
end product from a prescribed standard, once said variations are
encountered.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a
carbonation system and method wherein liquid is dearated, cooled
and mixed with flavoring additives or the like prior to its
subjection to a multi-stage carbonating procedure.
It is still another object of this invention to provide a
carbonation system of the type mentioned above wherein the fluid
line where pre-carbonation takes place is isolated from the
secondary carbonating process, such that the fluid pressure in said
line is unaffected by said secondary process and can be maintained
at a constant value during pre-carbonation for more precise
control.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above noted objects and advantages, as well as others which
will be apparent from the following description of the illustrated
embodiment are attained by the combining of the carbonator-cooler
approach with the direct introduction method in such a wholly new
manner that the resulting system assures uniformity in the end
product and provides ease in both control and initial adjustment.
More specifically, the present invention provides a method and a
system for practicing said method, which system comprises: means
for supplying a product to a fluid line under substantially
constant conditions; primary carbonating means associated with said
fluid line for introducing carbon dixoide into said product;
secondary carbonating apparatus receiving the product after primary
carbonation, said apparatus including means to maintain the
temperature of said product between a selected temperature range
while subjecting said product to an atmosphere of carbon dioxide to
attain a final degree of carbonation; and control means providing
the communication between said primary and secondary carbonating
apparatus, said control means isolating said primary carbonating
apparatus from said secondary carbonating apparatus so that
constant pressure, unaffected by the pressure of said atmosphere in
the secondary carbonating apparatus, will be maintained during
primary carbonation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system in accordance with the
present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged, schematic representation of the apparatus
employed for the multi-stage carbonating process of the present
invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated schematically a
complete system for the production of carbonated soft drinks or the
like, which system employs the present invention. It should be
noted at the outset that the illustrated system is of the type used
in the production of soft drinks, wherein water is combined with
sugar syrup or flavoring additives, and then carbonated.
Accordingly, if the product to be carbonated does not require a
combining operation, the mixing unit may be bypassed, or completely
eliminated.
Commencing with reference to the left-hand portion of FIG. 1, the
over-all illustrated system, which is designated generally 10,
employs a combination cooling and deaerating unit 12 for initially
processing the water to be used. Deaeration of the water is
extremely desirable and an important step in the production of a
uniform product, in that it removes air and other gases from the
water so that carbon dioxide may be more readily absorbed and
retained. In addition, this removal or purging prevents undesirable
chemical reactions which may occur upon the addition of sugar syrup
to the water. Deaerating apparatus of the general type discussed
are illustrated and described in applicants' copending
applications, Ser. Nos. 738,704 now abandoned and 738,705, now U.S.
Pat. No. 3,584,438 both filed on June 20, 1968.
The deaerating apparatus 12 includes a tank 14 having a control
valve assembly 16 for regulating the introduction of water by means
of the inlet port 18. A pressure control diaphragm 19 is associated
with the valve assembly 16 and is operated by a float arrangement
20 mounted within the reservoir portion of the tank 14.
Accordingly, the level of liquid in the reservoir of the tank 14
controls the flow of liquid through the valve assembly 16 into the
tank.
It has been found that effective deaeration of water is best
attained when the water is at an elevated temperature,.
Accordingly, the deaerator 12 includes three units or assemblies
24, 26 and 28, each comprised of a series of plates over which the
water is flowed. As will be explained hereinafter, the water is
successively subjected to heating, deaerating and cooling.
As the water enters tank 14 through the valve assembly 16, it flows
into a trough 30 which is disposed immediately below the valve
assembly. The trough 30 has a plurality of apertures (not shown)
which permits the water to be evenly distributed over the plates of
unit 24. Heating media for the unit 24 is supplied from a source
(not shown) by inlet 32 and is returned to said source by the
outlet 34, as indicated. After the water leaves the heating unit 24
it flows into a second trough 36 disposed immediately below said
unit 24, and from there over the deaerating plates of the unit 26,
wherein air and other undesirabe gases are removed. For deaerating
the water, the interior of tank 14 is evacuated by means of port 22
which is connected to a vacuum pump or the like (not shown). The
substantially deaerated water is then collected in still a third
trough 38 for distribution over the plates of the cooling unit 28
in a like manner to that described with regard to troughs 30 and
36. The cooling unit 28 is connected with a source of coolant (not
shown) via inlets 40 and outlet 42, whereby after the water has
passed over the plates of unit 28, it will be cooled to a
predetermined temperature.
From the unit 12 the substantially deaerated and cooled water is
supplied to mixing apparatus 46 by means of pump 48 and fluid lines
49 and 50. As the cooled, deaerated water enters unit 46, syrup,
flavoring additives, and the like are supplied to said unit through
the inlet port 52.
The mixing unit 46 is of known construction and is designed and
controlled to combine a predetermined volume of water with a
measured amount of syrup or flavoring additive. Once the combining
of the water and flavoring additives is completed, the
non-carbonated mixed product resulting therefrom is collected in a
reservoir 54 in the lower portion of said unit 46.
A float assembly 56 is associated with the reservoir 54 and
operates a pressure modulated valve 58 on a carbonating-cooling
unit to control the rate of flow of the liquid product from said
mixing unit 46. An example of one type of valve and float
arrangement that may be employed, is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
3,286,764. The import of this arrangement will be discussed more
fully hereinafter with regard to FIG. 2 and the multi-stage
carbonation process of the present invention.
In addition, a substantially constant pressure pump 60 is connected
with the reservoir 54 by means of fluid line 62. The pump 60
delivers the non-carbonated mixed product from reservoir 54 to
fluid line 64 for subsequent carbonation. As will be recalled from
the preceding discussion, warm liquid will not absorb carbon
dioxide as readily, nor will it absorb as much gas, as cooled
liquid. Thus, by taking into account the temperature drop from the
deaerator 12 to the line 64, occasioned by the mixing of warm syrup
with the water, and the other factors which tend to produce a
temperature rise, the cooling effected in the unit 12 is adjusted
such that a desired temperature range is maintained as said product
enters the line 64.
The present invention envisions the use of a multi-stage
carbonating procedure wherein preliminary or primary carbonation of
the mixed product is effected at point 68 in line 64, with the
pre-carbonated mixed product then being subjected to a secondary
carbonation process designed to assure and/or maintain final
carbonation to the degree desired.
In order to complete the present general description of the
over-all system and method of operation, the pre-carbonating unit
or apparatus operating at point 68 is designated generally by the
reference numeral 70, while the secondary carbonating unit is
designated by the numeral 72. It should be noted, that a more
complete and thorough discussion of both units will be given
hereinbelow with regard to FIG. 2.
Accordingly and proceeding with the general description of the
system, pre-carbonation is effected at point 68 by directly
introducing or injecting carbon dioxide into the cooled mixed
product flowing in line 64. After the mixed product passes point 68
and has been subjected to this pre-carbonation process, a
controlled quantity or volume of carbon dioxide will be in solution
with a given volume of liquid product.
After pre-carbonation at point 68, the mixed product continues to
flow along the length of line 64 to the secondary carbonating unit
or apparatus 72. Flow of the pre-carbonated mixed product is
controlled by the pressure modulated valve 58.
The secondary carbonating unit 72 illustrated schematically in FIG.
1 is of the conventional carbonator-cooler type. Briefly, the
pre-carbonated mixed product is introduced into the unit 72 and is
flowed over cooled, baffled plates while being subjected to a
carbon dioxide atmosphere such that additional carbonation of the
product may be attained, if needed, with the product leaving the
unit 72 being at the desired level of carbonation, and in a
relatively stable condition, i.e., capable of some degree of
retention of the gas absorbed irrespective of any slight pressure
drop.
After the liquid product has been stabilized and carbonated to the
degree desired in unit 72, approximately between one (1) and four
(4) volumes of carbon dioxide to a volume of liquid, it is
transported to a filling unit for packaging in bottles or cans.
In FIG. 1, only the bowl or reservoir portion of the filler
apparatus is illustrated, this being designated 74. The carbonated
liquid is transported from the secondary carbonating unit 72 to
bowl 74 by means of fluid line 76, pressure modulated valve 78, and
pump 79. The valve 78 controls the flow of the carbonated liquid
into the filler bowl 74, dependent upon the fluid level therein,
and this is accomplished by means of the float 80 positioned within
said bowl. That is to say, when the carbonated product reaches a
prescribed level the float 80 is effective to close the valve 78
and stop the flow of carbonated product to the filler. On the other
hand, when the level of the filler bowl drops, float 80 opens the
valve 78 to permit carbonated product to be supplied to the
filler.
Directing attention now to FIG. 2, there is schematically
illustrated, on an enlarged scale, both the primary carbonating
unit 70 and the secondary carbonating unit 72 employed in the
multi-stage carbonating process of the present invention.
Considering first the primary carbonating unit 70, said unit
includes generally a check valve 82, a flow meter 84, a regulator
86 and a solenoid valve 88, all of which are connected in series
with a conduit 90 leading to a source or supply of carbon dioxide
(not shown). The solenoid valve 88 controls the supply of carbon
dioxide to the regulator and flow meter 86 and 84, respectively,
which can be adjusted by the operator of the system to attain a
desired carbon dioxide flow rate into the liquid product in line
64.
As alluded to previously, direct introduction of carbon dioxide
into a fluid line carrying liquid product has been proposed and
experimented with. The end results of these attempts were only
partially satisfactory with some problems being encountered in
attaining uniform levels of carbonation and stability.
Applicants have found that one reason for the somewhat erratic
results obtained with prior art direct introduction systems was due
to the fact that the line pressure at the point of introduction
would vary depending upon the pressure in the other units or
elements of the over-all system. Consequently, when the pressure
changed in the downstream units of the system, the amount of carbon
dioxide being introduced would also change; that is, a drop in
pressure produced an increase in the carbon dioxide feed, while a
rise in pressure resulted in a decrease in the carbon dioxide being
introduced. As will be detailed immediately hereinafter, the
present invention employs means to obviate this problem and achieve
a constant rate of carbon dioxide feed into the liquid product.
With the arrangement of the present invention the communication
between the line 64 wherein pre-carbonation takes place and the
secondary carbonating unit 72 is provided by valve 58 which
functions as an orifice varying device to isolate the fluid in line
64 from the pressure in unit 72. Since the float arrangement 56 of
the mixing unit 46 operates valve 58, the flow rate in line 64 is
substantially the rate at which mixed product is being supplied to
the reservoir 54. This, taken in conjunction with the fact that
pump 60 is substantially a constant pressure pump, produces
substantially constant flow conditions in line 64, with the
pressure in said line 64 remaining substantially constant for a
given rate of flow. That is to say, the valve 58 serves to isolate
the line 64 from the pressures in the downstream portion of the
system, the significance of which can be appreciated from the fact
that the operating pressure of the unit 72 is approximately half
that in the line 64. Thus, with the pressure in line 64 remaining
substantially constant, once the precarbonating unit 70 is set for
a desired feed this will not vary, so that control or adjustment of
the condition of the mixed product entering the unit 72 may be
readily attained.
Directing attention now to the secondary carbonating unit 72, as
illustrated in FIG. 2, the unit includes a tank assembly 91 having
the pressure modulated valve 58 affixed to the upper portion
thereof. Directly below the outlet of the valve 58 is an apertured
trough member 92 which will receive the precarbonated mixed product
as it is discharged into tank 90. Immediately below the aperture
trough 92 are a plurality of stacked, baffled cooling plates which
comprise an assembly 94 over which the pre-carbonated liquid will
flow.
As will be recalled from the prior discussion, the cooler the
liquid, the more effective the absorption of carbon dioxide. With
this in mind, the assembly 94 is constructed so as to provide for
cooling of the pre-carbonated liquid product, if necessary, the
inlet 96 and outlet 98 being associated with a source of coolant
(not shown). Thus, as the pre-carbonated liquid flows from the
apertured trough 92 over assembly 94, the temperature thereof is
maintained within a relatively narrow range.
A carbon dioxide atmosphere is maintained within the tank 91 such
that as the pre-carbonated liquid flows over the baffled plates of
assembly 94 it is free to absorb or release carbon dioxide. The
conditions within the tank 90 with regard to temperature of the
liquid and pressure of the carbon dioxide atmosphere are closely
regulated. That is to say, the operator of the system will adjust
these parameters to values which he knows from past experience will
provide an end product with the desired degree of carbonation.
However, should this initial adjustment be somewhat in error or
other factors present which result in the product not attaining
desired carbonation, adjustment of the pre-carbonation apparatus 70
will quickly remedy the problem.
Control of the carbon dioxide atmosphere within unit 72 is provided
by the apparatus designated generally 100 in FIG. 2. This apparatus
includes a conduit 101 connected with a secondary supply of carbon
dioxide, and a self-relieving regulator 102 positioned in said line
so that the operator may adjust the pressure within the unit 72 to
the desired value. Also, on the downstream portion of the line 101,
is a vent assembly 104 which permits relief of any excess pressure
which may develop.
In operation, the primary carbonating apparatus 70 is set at a
desired carbon dioxide feed. Depending upon various factors, such
as rate of flow, temperature of the liquid and pressure, all of
which are maintained substantially constant, the amount of carbon
dioxide absorbed by the mixed product at point 68 may be slightly
more or less than the desired level. However, this is of little
consequence, since the primary carbonating step serves only to
control the condition of the product as it enters unit 72 wherein
final carbonation takes place. Thus, if the pre-carbonated liquid
entering the secondary carbonating unit 72 has absorbed more carbon
dioxide than the amount for which the parameters of unit 72 are
set, small amounts of carbon dioxide will be given off. In this
regard, the regulator 102 and the vent 104 insure that a constant
pressure is maintained, with any excess carbon dioxide being
exhausted to the surrounding atmosphere. On the other hand, if the
degree of carbonation of the precarbonated product entering the
unit 72 is slightly below that desired, which is the preferred
situation, as the product is exposed to the carbon dioxide
atmosphere within said unit additional gas will be absorbed until
the product reaches the degree of carbonation desired and
determined by the environment established within unit 72 and the
condition of the liquid product entering the unit.
Accordingly, if a quality control check indicates that the level of
carbonation of the product being bottled varies from that desired,
quick and accurate adjustment may be achieved by varying the amount
of gas being introduced by the precarbonating apparatus 70. Also,
during initial set-up for a production run, optimum operating
conditions may be achieved rapidly by adjustment in the
pre-carbonation step at point 68.
Accordingly, it is believed clear that the present invention
provides a system and method for carbonating beverages which is
capable of controlled uniformity in the degree of carbonation
attained, while providing for ease and accuracy in adjustment once
in operation.
The system illustrated schematically in the drawings and
hereinbefore described is illustrative of but one embodiment of the
invention. It is envisioned that various changes in structure or
modification of certain steps, from those described, will no doubt
occur to those skilled in the art; and said changes or
modifications are to be understood as forming a part of the present
invention insofar as they fall within the spirit and scope of the
claims appended hereto.
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