U.S. patent number 3,736,837 [Application Number 05/212,962] was granted by the patent office on 1973-06-05 for electrical initiation of percussive-primed cartridges.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army. Invention is credited to Howard I. Carroll, Edward K. Kaprelian.
United States Patent |
3,736,837 |
Kaprelian , et al. |
June 5, 1973 |
ELECTRICAL INITIATION OF PERCUSSIVE-PRIMED CARTRIDGES
Abstract
Disclosed is an electrical firing circuit for initiating
percussive-primed artridges wherein the base of the cartridge forms
one electrode of a spark gap which has connected thereacross an RF
pulse generating means and a charged capacitor. When energized, the
pulse means ionizes the air in the spark gap whereupon the
capacitor discharges thereacross causing heating of the cartridge
base containing the primer mix whereby the primer mix is initiated
and hence the cartridge.
Inventors: |
Kaprelian; Edward K. (Mendham,
NJ), Carroll; Howard I. (Aberdeen, MD) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary of the Army (Washington,
DC)
|
Family
ID: |
22793139 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/212,962 |
Filed: |
December 28, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
89/28.05;
102/202.8; 102/219; 102/472 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41A
19/63 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41A
19/63 (20060101); F41A 19/00 (20060101); F41f
009/00 (); F41d 009/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;89/28R,28C
;102/7.2R,28,135,1.814 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Borchelt; Benjamin A.
Assistant Examiner: Doramus; J. V.
Claims
We claim:
1. An low voltage electrical firing circuit for initiating
percussive-primed cartridges comprising in combination:
a percussive-primed cartridge affixed in a firearm and having the
base thereof serving as one electrode of a spark gap,
a terminal spaced from the base of said cartridge and exterior
thereof and in alignment therewith forming the other electrode of
said spark gap,
radio-frequency pulse generating means coupled across said
electrodes for ionizing said spark gap,
high intensity electrical energy storage means coupled across said
spark gap and operable to discharge across said spark gap when it
is ionized by the said pulse generating means and heat said base
whereby the primer of the percussive-primed cartridge is
initiated.
2. The invention in accordance with claim 1 wherein said
radio-frequency pulse generating means comprises a high tension
induction coil having a primary and secondary winding, said primary
winding coupled across a potential source through switching means
for connecting and disconnecting said primary winding to or from
said potential source, and said secondary winding having one
terminal connected to said other electrode and another terminal
connected to said one electrode through said firearm.
3. The invention in accordance with claim 2 wherein said high
intensity electrical storage means comprises a capacitor coupled in
parallel with said potential source and said spark gap.
4. The invention in accordance with claim 3 and means for
preventing the potential source from creating an electrical arc
across said spark gap when ionized comprising a resistor connected
in series with potential source and said other electrode.
5. The invention in accordance with claim 4 and means for
preventing the RF pulse generated by said pulse generating means
from shorting to ground through said capacitor comprising a
blocking impedance coupled between said other electrode and said
capacitor.
Description
The invention described herein may be manufactured, used, and
licensed by or for the Government for governmental purposes without
the payment to us of any royalty thereon.
The invention relates to electrical firing means for munitions and
more particularly to electrical firing means and apparatus for
electrical initiation of small arms cartridges, particularly
percussive-primed cartridges.
In one instance small arms cartridges are each provided with an
electrical primer which is electrically coupled through firing pin
means, breech mechanism in cooperation with switching means to a
primer source such as a charge capacitor or an induction circuit
means for activating the electrical primer. Such an arrangement not
only involves complicated mechanical firing mechanism and erosion
of the firing pin, but also the susceptibility of the electrical
primer to radio frequency fields with probable ignition of the
primer and subsequent premature firing of the cartridge. In another
known means, a cartridge is fired by means of an electric spark
which jumps a gap disposed in the proximity to an ignitable fuse.
However, such means is not only impractical from military use, but
also involves the use of a special cartridge, not standard in
civilian or military use.
Percussive-primed cartridges are normally initiated by the action
of a firing pin, but can also be initiated by "cook-off" of the
primer mix by virtue of external heating. Caliber .22
percussive-primed cartridges have been fired in a modular firing
device, but module firing once started was generally unpredictable
in action and could not be controlled or stopped. One such moduler
firing device consists of 360 aluminum tubes or barrels to
accommodate caliber .22 cartridges bound together by epoxy resin in
a box-like configuration having the approximate dimension of 71/2
.times. 5 .times. 2 inches. A sheet of pyrotechnic material was
caused to burn across the basis of the caliber .22 percussion
primed cartridges assembled in the tubes of the modular firing
device whereby the heat thus generated caused the primers of the
cartridges to "cook-off". While this means does cause ignition of
the primers of percussive primed cartridges, its use is highly
undesirable particularly since it has been found that it is not
only unreliable and uncontrollable but also highly hazardous from a
safety standpoint. Percussive primed cartridges may also be fired
in a direct contact circuit. For example, a caliber .22 percussive
prime cartridge connected directly across a 40 volt source required
a current of 300 amperes over a period of 10 seconds for firing.
Obviously, the inadequacy of employing such a firing means is
apparent. Also, it has been found possible to fire percussive
primed cartridges utilizing the spark plug principle wherein the
cartridge comprises the electrodes of the spark gap. This system
requires 2000-2500 volts for high-frequency ionization of the gap
while at the same time providing sufficient electrical energy to
fire the cartridge in the order of 10 joules for a caliber .22
percussive primer cartridge. Thus the energy requirements of this
system are high, limiting the practicality thereof for military
requirements.
An object of the invention is a new and novel electrical firing
circuitry for electrical initiation of percussive primers.
Another object of the invention is a new and novel means for
electrical initiation of percussive primed cartridges.
A further object of the invention is an electrical firing system
for ignition of percussive prime cartridges which permits operation
of weapons systems at a high rate of fire without employment of
complex mechanical movement and complex electrical circuitry and
switches.
A still further object of the invention is a new and novel
electrical ignition means for ignition of percussive primed
cartridges of extreme simplicity wherein the energy requirement
thereof is relatively low.
Referring to the drawing wherein the electrical ignition means and
system of the invention for firing percussive primed cartridges is
illustrated in conjunction with a single percussive primed caliber
.22 cartridge 10 in the breech of a single barrel firearm 11 for
the purpose of simplicity, it being understood that application of
the invention is not limited to single barrel firearms and further,
that it has been used in conjunction with weapon systems whereby a
rate of fire of 10,000 rounds per minute has been attained without
a single moving mechanical part and without complex circuitry and
switching. An electrical energy source 12 which may consist of two
series connect lead-acid type batteries provides means for charging
a capacitor 13 and energizing the RF pulse producing means 14 which
may consist of an automotive type ignition coil having a primary
winding 15 and a secondary winding 16. A resistor 17 has one
terminal coupled through a switch 18 to terminal 22 of the
electrical energy source on battery 12 and and another terminal by
means of conductor 24 to an electrode 20 through an inductor 21.
The electrode 20 is aligned with cartridge 10 along its
longitudinal axis and spaced from the base thereof to form a spark
gap 25 therewith across which electrical energy is discharged.
Capacitor 13 has one plate connected to a junction 24' formed on
conductor 24 intermediate resistor 17 and inductor 21 whereby it is
coupled through resistor 17 and switch 18 to terminal 22 of battery
12 and through inductor 21 to electrode 20. The opposite plate of
capacitor 13 is connected to common 26 and thereby to terminal 23
of battery 12 and firearm 11 and hence to cartridge 10. Primary
winding 15 of ignition coil 14 has one terminal connected through
switch 28 via conductor 27 to an intermediate top 22' of battery 12
and its other terminal connected to terminal 23 of battery 12 by
means of common conductor 26. The secondary winding 16 of ignition
coil 14 is coupled across spark gap 25, one terminal thereof being
connected to electrode 20 and the other terminal thereof to common
circuit 26 and hence through firearm 11 to cartridge 10. In
operation, switch 18 is closed and capacitor 13 is charged through
resistor 17 to the potential of battery 12. The size of capacitor
13 is selected in view of the priming mix of the percussive primed
cartridge 10 to provide sufficient arc heat to cause cook-off of
the priming mix. After capacitor 13 has been charged by battery 12
switch 28 is closed and a current build up in primary winding 15
inducing a high voltage in the secondary winding 14 thereof it
being understood that the voltage induced in the secondary winding
may be created by either opening or closing of switch 28, whereby a
RF pulse is created and discharges across spark gap 25 causing
ionization of the air in said gap thereby producing a highly
conductive path across which capacitor 13 then discharges. The
energy of capacitor 13 discharge creates sufficient heat in the
base of cartridge 10 to cause cook-off of the primer mix in the
percussive primed cartridge 10. Resistor 17 functions to prevent
battery 12 from maintaining the arc or capacitor discharge across
spark gap 25 and indicator 21 prevents the RF pulse of the RF pulse
producing means 14 from shorting to ground, common conductor 26,
through capacitor 13.
Although a specific embodiment of the invention has been
illustrated and described, it will be understood that this is but
illustrative and that various modifications may be made therein
without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of
the claims.
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