U.S. patent number 3,733,744 [Application Number 05/224,821] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-22 for power module for driving vehicle-propelling element, including stationary axle means mounting said element.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Mattel, Inc.. Invention is credited to John P. Hiltpold, George Soulakis.
United States Patent |
3,733,744 |
Hiltpold , et al. |
May 22, 1973 |
POWER MODULE FOR DRIVING VEHICLE-PROPELLING ELEMENT, INCLUDING
STATIONARY AXLE MEANS MOUNTING SAID ELEMENT
Abstract
A completely self-contained power module for supplying
rotational power to drive wheels, tractor tracks, airplane
propellers, and the like, of miniature toy vehicles, the module
including in a single housing a rechargeable battery, an electric
motor with a drive shaft, switch means for electrically connecting
the battery to the motor, a non-rotating axle integrally a part of
the module's housing and disposed at a fixed relationship to the
motor's drive shaft for rotatably carrying the driven wheels, etc.,
and a means for providing recharging current to the battery,
preferably including means for disconnecting the motor from the
battery circuit during charging.
Inventors: |
Hiltpold; John P. (Manhattan
Beach, CA), Soulakis; George (North Hollywood, CA) |
Assignee: |
Mattel, Inc. (Hawthorne,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
22842357 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/224,821 |
Filed: |
February 9, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
446/462 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63H
29/22 (20130101); A63H 17/22 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63H
17/00 (20060101); A63H 29/00 (20060101); A63H
17/22 (20060101); A63H 29/22 (20060101); A63h
029/22 () |
Field of
Search: |
;46/243M,243LV,243MV,243P,206,208,217,244R,244A,244B,244C,244D,243E |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,247,474 |
|
Oct 1960 |
|
FR |
|
647,396 |
|
Jul 1937 |
|
DD |
|
Primary Examiner: Shay; F. Barry
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A power module for self-powered miniature toy vehicles,
comprising:
a module housing including integral stationary axle means extending
from said housing for mounting at least one driven element thereon,
and means for removable attachment of said housing to a toy vehicle
adapted to receive said housing;
a battery disposed in said housing;
an electric motor disposed in said housing, said electric motor
having a rotatable drive shaft extending externally of said
housing;
switch means associated with said housing electrically connected to
said battery and to said electric motor for controlling the
activation of said electric motor;
drive means including at least one driven element for propelling a
toy vehicle, said driven element being rotatably mounted on said
stationary axle means; and
coupling means for operatively coupling said drive shaft and said
driven element for driving the latter.
2. A power module according to claim 1, wherein said coupling means
includes an integral part of said driven element.
3. A power module according to claim 2, wherein said coupling means
includes a pinion gear fixedly mounted on said drive shaft, and
said integral part of said drive element is a gear portion
complementary to said pinion gear.
4. A power module according to claim 1, wherein said switch means
includes a manually operated lever extending externally of said
housing and having an "ON" and "OFF" position, said switch means
activating said electric motor only when said lever is in said "ON"
position.
5. A power module according to claim 4, wherein said battery is a
rechargeable battery, and wherein said switch means also includes
charging means for allowing said battery to be charged.
6. A power module according to claim 5, wherein said charging means
includes a charging plug receptacle and means for moving said lever
to said "OFF" position upon insertion of a charging plug.
7. A power module according to claim 1, wherein said stationary
axle means includes a pair of axially aligned axles extending from
opposite sides of said housing.
8. A power module according to claim 7, wherein said drive means
includes two driven elements, said elements being drive wheels
having axial bores to receive said axles, said bores including
slightly reduced diameter narrow retainer portions, and wherein
said axles include circular recesses therein adapted to accept said
retainer portions of said drive wheels.
9. A power module according to claim 8, wherein said drive shaft
extends beyond said opposite sides of said housing parallel to said
axles, and wherein said coupling means includes a pinion gear
fixedly mounted at each end of said drive shaft, said coupling
means also including a complementary gear portion integrally a part
of and coaxially positioned about said bores of said drive wheels.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The background of the invention will be set forth in two parts.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains generally to the field of toys, and
more particularly to a unique replaceable module which provides all
necessary components to power a toy vehicle.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Toy vehicles having self contained electric motors for driving the
toys' wheels are well known. For many years now these toys have
contained battery compartments with access doors so that the dry
cell batteries used could be easily replaced when exhausted. A more
recent development has been the use of rechargeable batteries,
usually small nickel-cadmium cells. This has certainly advanced the
self-powered toy vehicle art, but it has also presented new
problems to be overcome for efficient use of these rechargeable
batteries.
One such problem is that of the higher cost of components which
must be used with these relatively lower capacity sources of
electrical power. Consequently, much development has taken place to
reduce the size and weight of these miniature motors and at the
same time to increase their torque, speed and efficiency. In
dealing with the problem of increasing the efficiency, the vehicles
entire drive chain must be considered since unnecessary friction or
binding anywhere along the line greatly reduces the performance of
the propulsion system of these miniature toys.
It should be evident from the foregoing that a new technique which
reduces the cost of manufacturing self-contained electric motor
driven toy vehicles utilizing miniature rechargeable batteries,
which increases the efficiency of such a power system, and which
also provides for ease of assembly, testing and replacement, would
constitute a significant advancement of the art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
In view of the foregoing factors and conditions characteristic of
the prior art, it is a primary object of the present invention to
provide a new and improved power module containing all essential
components to drive toy vehicles, including the entire drive
chain.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a
completely self-contained, replaceable power module for toy
vehicles.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a
highly efficient power module for toy vehicles which is easily
placed in any of a number of toy vehicles adapted to receive such a
module.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a
power module for self-powered toy vehicles, which module
incorporates means for charging a self-contained miniature
rechargeable toy battery.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an
economical-to-manufacture power module which includes a highly
efficient and dimensionally stable power drive chain between its
self-contained electric motor and the toy's drive wheels mounted
thereon.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a detachable
power module for toy vehicles which module contains switch means
for electrically controlling the electric current supplied to an
electric motor housed therein.
According to the present invention, a power module for self-powered
miniature toy vehicles is provided, including a battery disposed in
a module housing which housing includes integral stationary axle
means extending therefrom, and means for removably attaching the
housing to a toy vehicle adapted to receive the housing. Also
disposed in the housing is an electric motor having a rotatable
drive shaft extending externally of the housing. Electrically
connected to the battery and to the electric motor are switch means
for controlling the activation of the electric motor. The invention
also includes drive means with at least one driven element
rotatably mounted on the axle means for propelling a toy vehicle,
and coupling means for operatively coupling the drive shaft and the
driven element.
According to the presently preferred embodiment of the invention,
the axle means includes a pair of axially aligned axles extending
from opposite sides of the housing, and the drive means includes a
pair of driven wheels in the form of drive wheels with integrally
formed gears, the wheels being mounted on respective ones of the
axles so that the wheel gears mesh with drive pinions mounted at
the ends of the electric motor drive shaft.
The features of the present invention which are believed to be
novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The
present invention, both as to its organization and manner of
operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof,
may best be understood by making reference to the following
description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in
which like reference characters refer to like components in the
several views.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a toy powered by a detachable
power module constructed in accordance with the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial, sectional view taken along line 2--2 of FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged elevational view of the module portion of the
toy of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the detachable power module used to
power the toy of FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIG. 1,
there is shown a miniature toy, which for purposes of this
description is in the form of a presently popular three-wheeled
customized motorcycle 11. The toy is shown to have a spoked front
wheel 13 rotatably mounted on a front axle 15 supported by an
angularly disposed front fork assembly 17, the upper portion of
which is pivotally attached to a steering column 19 rotatably held
in a forward portion of a customized open cockpit 21. The direction
of travel of the toy may thus be determined by grasping (and
turning) a handlebar 23 integrally molded on the plastic column 19.
The cockpit 21 includes a wrap-around windshield 25, a simulated
high speed control flap 27, and a housing 29 resembling a
customized motorcycle engine.
Removably held within the housing 29 is a completely self-contained
detachable power module 31 having a pair of oppositely directed and
axially aligned fixed rear axles 33. These axles rotatably support
respective driven wheels 35, each of which have broad-faced
low-profile tires 37 mounted thereon. The tires 37 may be
fabricated from a material having good traction characteristics
such as a styrene butadiene copolymer, and the wheels 35 from an
acrylic copolymer, for example. Generally, the cockpit and front
wheel assemblies of the toy 11 are preferably molded from plastic
materials, using conventional molding processes.
Referring now to the unique and very advantageous self-contained
detachable power module 31, it can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2 that
the rear wheels 35 have axle bores 39 with narrow, slightly
decreased diameter retainer portions 41 adapted to snap over an end
button portion 43 and be retained by a circular recess 45 in an
elongated cylindrical shaft 47 portion of the axles 33. This allows
the wheels to be unsnapped for the removal of lint in the gears.
Also, where the motor shaft pinions (to be later described) are
removable, different gear ratios (provided the sum of the pitch
radii are the same) can be used. The sectional details seen in FIG.
2 also clearly show that the tires 37 have a circular, inwardly
extending, portion 49 registering with an associated circular
depression 51 in the wheels 35, to overcome any tendency for the
tires to leave the wheels when an accelerating force is coupled to
the wheels to drive the toy 11 forward. This figure also
illustrates in detail the manner in which the power module 31 is
positioned within the housing 29.
A more detailed view of the detachable module 31, its upper and
lower casings 53 and 55, and the various components and elements
contained therein, may be viewed in the exploded view of the module
shown in FIG. 4. The number of techniques which may be employed to
removably retain the module 31 in a toy are limitless, much
depending upon the toy's design and construction. In the toy 11,
the module's upper casing 53 is provided with outwardly extending
dogs 57 which snap into appropriate depressions in the inner walls
of the housing 29, the axles 33 protruding through elongated
upwardly extending slots in the housing (the slots, not shown,
being covered by the rear wheels 35).
The lower casing 55 includes a planar bottom portion 59 with
upraised side walls 61, and a semi-cylindrical portion 63 with a
footing 65 having a bottom face 67 in the plane of the bottom
portion 59. An end wall 69 of the portion 63 includes an outwardly
extending retaining portion 70, and the side wall 61 and the end
wall 69 are provided with a plurality of apertures 71 and a
relatively wide notch 73.
The apertures 71 are positioned to accept and hold barbed ends 75
of posts 77 depending from the upper casing 53 for purposes of
securely, but removably, attaching together the upper and lower
casing members. These members, together, define an enclosure which
contains the essential components and parts of the unique
self-contained power module 31. For example, the enclosure houses a
miniature electric motor 79, a miniature rechargeable battery 81,
and an on-off electric switch assembly including a negative contact
member 83, a positive contact member 85, and a switch activating
lever member 87.
The motor 79 is of conventional design having an armature 89
mounted on a drive shaft 90, a pair of permanent magnet pole pieces
91 disposed on two sides of but spaced from the armature 89, and a
motor case comprising a conductive metal U-shaped member 93 with
inwardly bent sides 95 and an end plate 97 of insulative material
such as nylon. The motor case is held together by bending four ears
99 extending from the member 93 over cornered depressions 101 in an
outer face 103 of the end plate 97. The drive shaft 90 is rotatably
supported by a bore 105 in the end plate 97 and at its opposite
side, by a bushing piece (not shown) captured in a hole in the
member 93. This bushing is essentially of the same configuration
and size as a raised disc portion 107 on the end plate 97,
coaxially positioned about the shaft 90 to slide into a circular
end opening 109 of an upwardly extending slot 111 in the upper
casing 53. Electrical contact with an armature winding 113 is
through a pair of brush assemblies (not shown) one of which brushes
is electrically wired to a contact tab 115 extending over an upper
edge 117 of the insulative end plate 97. Thus, the electric motor
79 will be activated to drive the shaft 90 when an appropriate
electric potential, from the battery 81 for example, is provided
between the U-shaped motor case member 93 and the contact tab
115.
In assembly, a small indexing opening 119 (FIG. 4) in the negative
contact member 83 is placed over a tit 121 (FIG. 3) depending from
an inner surface 123 of the upper casing's top portion 125. At this
time, an elongated metal eyelet 127 is positioned through an
opening 129 in a cylindrical protuberance portion 130 of a curved
end wall 131. The eyelet 127 also passes through a hole 133 in a
bent tab portion 135 of the member 83, before the eyelet's opposite
ends 137 are bent outwardly and over, as seen in FIG. 4, by an
appropriate tool. A tubular end portion 139 of the lower member 87
is then slipped over a split tubular buss 141 extending below the
inner casing surface 123 so that a bent lever portion 143 extends
away from the surface 123 and a manually manipulatable arm portion
145 extends beyond the end wall 131.
The positive contact member 85 may then be placed over an inner end
147 of the motor 79 and keyed thereat by contact tabs 146
registering in depressions 101, so that a charging arm portion 149
extends toward the negative contact member 83. The motor 79 is then
placed in a rectangular cavity portion 151 of the upper casing,
with the raised disc portion 107 and the bushing piece (not shown)
slid into the upper casing's end opening 109. In this position, a
pair of resilient contact arm portions 153 of the positive contact
member 85 extend outwardly into a semicylindrical casing portion
157, which with the portion 63, defines a battery compartment
159.
The battery 81 is now placed in the compartment with its positive
terminal 161 facing the positive contact member 85. So positioned,
the terminal 161 will be in electrical contact with the contact arm
portions 153. The lower casing 55 is then placed adjacent and
snapped onto the upper casing so that the battery's case 163
(negative terminal) is in electrical contact with a resilient
negative contact arm portion 165 of the negative contact member 83.
The battery 81 is of the rechargeable type and cylindrical in
shape, preferably a nickel-cadmium cell or equivalent.
At this point, the power module 31 is complete except that a pair
of drive pinions 167 may be fixedly attached to the ends of the
drive shaft 90 to engage gears 169 integrally molded on the inner
side of the wheels 35, when the wheels are rotatably mounted on the
fixed rear axle 33.
In operation, the arm portion 145 in its "OFF" position, a switch
leg portion 171 of the lever member 87 is positioned (as shown in
FIG. 4) in engagement with a lower step 173 of a depending
resilient switch portion 175 of a negative contact member 83. The
step portion 173 thus keeps a contact end 177 of the negative
contact member spaced from the motor's contact tab 115 so that the
electrical circuit between the motor's input terminals and those of
the battery is broken. However, movement of the arm 145 in the
direction indicated by the arrow 179 to its "ON" position causes
the switch leg portion 171 to rotate in the direction 181, thereby
allowing the contact end 177 to make electrical contact with the
contact tab 115. This action completes the electrical circuit and
the motor is activated to cause the rotation of the shaft 90 and
the wheels 35. The circuit may again be broken by moving the lever
on 145 in a reverse direction 183 to its "OFF" position.
In order to recharge the battery 81, a conventional battery
charging plug (not shown) having an elongated sleeve and an
insulated tip, is inserted into the eyelet 127 so that the tip
electrically contacts a bent end 185 of the charging arm portion
149, and the sleeve necessarily is in contact with the eyelet 127.
If, at the time the charging plug is inserted, the arm is in its
"ON" position, the tip of the plug will engage and push a tab 187
extending from the lever member's tubular portion 139 to rotate the
latter in a direction 189 to the "OFF" position. Thus, in all
cases, the electric circuit between the battery and the motor is
broken whenever the battery is being charged. This feature prevents
the motor's electrical load from being seen by the charger, which
may be merely another battery.
In the embodiment of the present invention that has now been
described in detail, the drive shaft is geared to and drives a pair
of vehicle wheels which are rotatably mounted on a pair of fixed
axles integral with the power module's casing. However, it should
be understood that in practicing the invention the drive shaft may
be mechanically coupled to and drive tractor treads, and
propellers, and the like, for toy vehicles of varied descriptions.
In all cases, the wheels, etc., are maintained in perfect alignment
by the power module since the integral stationary axles are always
at a fixed distance and parallel to the drive shaft. This feature
is very important where any extra load caused by misalignment of
the wheel axles and the drive shaft will result in reduced battery
life and running time between charges.
From the foregoing, it should be evident that a very advantageous
and novel power module for toy vehicles has been described which
overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.
It should be understood that the materials used in fabricating the
various components and parts of the invention are not critical and
any material generally considered to be suitable for a particular
function may be utilized. For example, although certain plastic
materials have been designated for some of the components of the
power module, other plastic materials and metals may be substituted
therefor. However, certain parts must be electrically insulated
from others to maintain circuit integrity. Thus, the lever member
87 is preferably fabricated from a non-conductive acetal material,
for example. Nylon may be used for the casing, and the resilient
metal switch and charging members may be of cartridge brass with a
hard nickel flash.
Accordingly, it is intended that the foregoing disclosure and
showings in the drawings be considered only as illustrations of the
principles of the present invention.
* * * * *