U.S. patent number 3,732,850 [Application Number 05/173,757] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-15 for miniature heat exchangers.
This patent grant is currently assigned to American Standard Inc.. Invention is credited to Eric Harry Coley, James Duffield.
United States Patent |
3,732,850 |
Coley , et al. |
May 15, 1973 |
MINIATURE HEAT EXCHANGERS
Abstract
Covers a heat exchanger for use in a boiler or other heating
system. The heat exchanger includes one or more boiler sections
each having a passage for water or for any other fluid medium, each
passage extending vertically throughout the section. One of the
walls of each water passage section has a plurality of closely
arranged laterally protruding fins formed integrally with the wall
of the water passage. The heat exchanger may also be provided with
two such sections each equipped with a like plurality of closely
arranged laterally protruding fins. The two sections may be
arranged opposite each other so that the fins of the two sections
extend toward each other. One or more horizontally disposed burners
may be positioned below the fins and supplied with gas for heating
the fins and the inner walls of the water passages.
Inventors: |
Coley; Eric Harry (Skidby,
Yorkshire, EN), Duffield; James (Brussels,
BE) |
Assignee: |
American Standard Inc. (New
York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
22633354 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/173,757 |
Filed: |
August 23, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
122/367.3;
122/155.4 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F28F
1/40 (20130101); F22B 9/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F28F
1/40 (20060101); F22B 9/00 (20060101); F22B
9/04 (20060101); F28F 1/10 (20060101); F22b
005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;122/155,155C,156,367R,367C |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Sprague; Kenneth W.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A heat exchange structure for a boiler or the like, comprising a
cylindrical water passage having two spaced inner and outer coaxial
walls between which water is to be transmitted so as to be raised
in temperature, and a plurality of substantially flat closely and
uniformly spaced metallic fins integrally formed with the outer
wall of the water passage and protruding radially from said outer
wall and extending along said outer wall substantially throughout
its length, the metallic fins being directly exposed to heated
gases for transmitting heat to the water within the water
passage.
2. A heat exchange structure according to claim 1, including means
for transmitting water through said passage, and a burner having
its jets positioned beneath the fins for supplying heat directly to
the fins, such heat to be conducted by the fins to the water within
said passage.
3. A heat exchange structure according to claim 2 in which the fins
are integrally formed with the outer wall of the water passage and
extending for a distance short of the jets of the burner.
4. A heat exchange structure according to claim 2 in which the fins
are integrally formed with the outer wall of the water passage and
are positioned at substantially equal angles from the axis of the
water passage.
5. A heat exchange structure according to claim 3 in which the
water passage and its fins are vertically oriented and the burner
is positioned so that its jets are beneath the fins but within
heating range of the fins.
6. A heat exchange structure according to claim 4 in which the
water passage and its fins are vertically oriented and the fins are
within heating range of the burner and reach to positions closely
adjacent to the outer wall of the structure.
7. A heat exchange structure according to claim 5 including an
exterior casing of insulating material coaxially arranged about the
coaxial walls of the water passage and closely adjacent the outer
wall.
8. A heat exchange structure for a boiler or the like according to
claim 6 including a casing of insulating material coaxially
arranged about the outer tips of the fins and embodying louvred air
inlets.
9. A heat exchange structure for a boiler or the like comprising
two spaced substantially equal parallel flat substantially vertical
water passages each having two substantially vertical walls between
which water may flow, each of the walls facing each other and
having a plurality of parallel heat conducting continuous fins
substantially perpendicular to said walls, the outermost walls of
the two water passages forming the external walls terminating the
structure, said fins extending substantially throughout the
vertical length of said waterways, the sides of said fins farthest
from said walls being spaced from each other so as to form a flue
space directly exposed to the heated flue gases.
10. A heat exchange structure according to claim 9 including a
burner positioned beneath said fins for supplying to said fins heat
to be conducted to the respective water passages.
11. A heat exchange structure according to claim 10 including also
a casing of insulation enclosing said water passages and positioned
closely adjacent to the outer walls of said water passages.
12. A heat exchange structure according to claim 11 in which each
of the fins has a substantially horizontal upper edge and each of
the fins has its lower edge at a substantial predetermined angle
with respect to the horizontal plane.
13. A heat exchange structure according to claim 12 including
pumping means for pressurizing the water to be fed into the water
passages.
14. A heat exchange structure according to claim 13 in which the
burner is linearly aligned substantially midway between and
parallel to the two water passages.
15. A heat exchange structure according to claim 14 in which the
casing of insulation includes louvred openings to admit air for
adding fuel combustion.
16. A boiler comprising two parallel linear water passages each of
which is formed between two linear substantially equal walls, the
adjacent walls of the two water passages each having a plurality of
flat continuous parallel closely spaced fins integrally formed with
the respective adjacent inner walls of the water passages and
perpendicularly oriented with respect to said adjacent walls, the
fins of one inner wall being pointed toward the fins of the
adjacent inner wall, a burner having its jets positioned beneath
the fins and aligned so as to be located midway between the walls
of the two water passages, an insulated casing fitted about the
walls of the two water passages and the burner, said casing having
louvered openings to receive air for aiding fuel combustion.
17. A boiler according to claim 16 including a plurality of pairs
of water passages coupled to each other and having integrally
formed fins as specified in claim 16.
Description
This invention relates to boilers such as are employed in central
heating systems. The invention also relates to heat exchange
elements for incorporation in such boilers.
In our co-pending patent application, Ser. No. 167,763, filed July
30, 1971, of which the present application is a continuation in
part, there is disclosed, in or for a boiler, a heat exchange
element comprising a boiler section having a passage for water or
other fluid medium, extending longitudinally of the boiler section
and formed with a multiplicity of parallel flat laterally,
protruding fins which, in the assembled boiler, will be located
above horizontally disposed burners of the boiler.
In accordance with the present invention, the boiler section may be
of tubular form and vertically disposed, and the laterally
protruding fins may be arranged either on the outside or on the
inside of the tubular section.
The present invention also provides, in or for a boiler, a heat
exchange element comprising a vertical section having a passage for
water or other fluid medium, extending along the section and
provided externally with laterally protruding fins, said fins being
disposed at one side only of the section. The latter section may be
arranged opposite another similar horizontal section so that the
fins of the two horizontal sections extend towards one another, the
arrangement providing a boiler assembly of a miniaturized form in
which the passages or waterways of the two sections are disposed at
the outer sides of the miniaturized boiler so as effectively to
form a so-called "wet-sided" heat exchanger.
The heat exchanger may comprise two or more of said horizontal or
vertical sections and such sections may be arranged either in
series or in parallel to increase the overall heating capacity or
the overall heat transmitting capacity of the heat exchanger.
The present invention further provides for a heat exchanger as
herein described, or as described in our aforementioned co-pending
patent application, and a fan may be provided, if desired, for
introducing combustion air or, alternatively, for removing
combustion products. Also, the fins may have a lateral extent of
about 11/2 to 21/2 times the width of the water passage or
waterway, and a mean thickness of about one-sixth to one-tenth the
width of the passage or waterway.
For a better and clearer understanding of the invention,
embodiments thereof will now be described, merely by way of
example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view schematically illustrating
diagrammatically some of the essentials of a boiler incorporating a
heat exchanger according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates schematically the principal elements of a boiler
employing vertical cylindrical sections intended for domestic hot
water central heating installations;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates another embodiment employing flat
waterways in the heat exchanger elements, and;
FIG. 3A represents a cross sectional view of the elements of the
boiler of FIG. 3, taken along the line 3A--3A of FIG. 3.
Referring to FIG. 1, the illustrated schematical embodiment
comprises a cast-iron boiler section 1 which is of coaxial tubular
form and substantially vertically disposed, the boiler section 1
including an annular passage having radially inner and outer walls
3, 4 and forming the waterway 2 of the boiler section 1. In use,
the section 1 is intended to be arranged with its waterway
extending substantially vertically and is accordingly herein
referred to as a vertical section.
The inner and outer walls 3, 4 of the waterway 2 are substantially
cylindrical and concentric in form and the outer wall 4 is cast
integrally with a plurality of radially arranged outwardly
extending flat fins 5, the outwardly extending fins 5 extending
over substantially the whole height of the boiler section 1 and
being spaced circumferentially and substantially at equal radial
angles one from another. The fins 5 are relatively closely spaced
so as to provide large heat conducting surfaces.
The heat exchanger just described is mounted in a cylindrical
casing 6 surrounding but positioned above a gas burner 7, the
latter burner 7 being of circular form of a diameter commensurate
with the outer rim of the radial fins 5. The burner is provided
with numerous jets 8 located below the finned part of the heat
exchanger. The casing 6 has a base part 9 having a circumferential
wall formed with louvred openings or inlets 10 for receiving air
for the gas combustion. The upper part of the casing 6, i.e., the
part above the louvred inlets 10 which surrounds the heat exchanger
element 1 and the gas burner 7, incorporates heat insulating
material 11 for minimizing heat losses.
The annular forms of the heat exchanger and of the gas burner 7 may
provide a central or axial cylindrical space in which may be
located gas control means indicated generally at 12, for
controlling the supply of gas to the burner 7.
The outer casing 6 is preferably open at its upper end and is so
arranged that flue gases, after flowing upwardly over the finned
heat exchanger, can pass from the casing 6 through a suitable
collector hood to a diverter and thence to a flue outlet (not
shown).
As in the boiler sections disclosed in our aforementioned
co-pending patent application, pump means (not shown) may be
provided for forcing water through the water passage 2 to provide a
continuous flow of water under pressure through the water passage
of the heat exchanger.
The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a
boiler which may be specially suitable for use in domestic hot
water central heating installations. The boiler comprises a cast
iron section indicated generally at 15 and having an annular or
concentric waterway 16 defined by and positioned between inner and
outer cylindrical or concentric walls 17, 18. The section 15 is
vertically disposed and its inner wall 17 thereof is formed
integrally with a series or plurality of equal radially inwardly
directed flat fins 18a. Within the boiler section 15, there is
arranged at the bottom thereof an annular gas burner 19. Below the
gas burner 19, there is provided control means 20 for the supply
and control of gas to the gas burner 19, the control means 20 being
mounted in a base part 21 of the boiler casing. The cylindrical
wall of the base part 21 is provided with louvred openings 22
through which air will be admitted to flow to the burner 19 to aid
in the gas combustion.
The radially inner vertical edges of the fins 18a of FIG. 2 define
an open tubular passage 23, and the lower edges 24 of the fins 18a
are preferably inclined downwardly and radially outwardly to
provide a funnel-like entry into the open central tubular passage
23.
In operation, the hot gases from the burner 19 are confined by the
cylindrical inner wall 17 of the heat exchanger, the gases passing
upwardly and over the surfaces of all of the circumferentially
spaced radial fins 18a, whereby heat is extracted from the gases by
the fins 18a and the extracted heat is conducted to the vertical
waterway 16 for the heating of the water therein as it passes
through the vertical waterway 16.
In the described embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2, the boiler sections
may be enclosed within a cylindrical outer casing, and this feature
is schematically shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, the outer casing may
also be arranged to enclose the insulation 11. In FIG. 2, however,
the coaxial or tubular waterway 16 forms in effect a so-called
"wet-sided" heat exchanger so that the boiler section has a
relatively cool outer wall. Accordingly, the outer casing, such as
casing 11 of FIG. 1, may be fitted close to the outer cylindrical
wall 18 and additional heat insulation may be obviated. This can
effect a real structural,manufacturing and financial saving.
The further embodiment of FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a boiler
comprising two substantially flat cast-iron heat exchange sections
26, 27 disposed in face-to-face relation. Each of these sections
26, 27 has a longitudinally extending and vertical elongated
waterway 28, each waterway 28 being defined by inner and outer side
walls 29, 30, each of these two sections being of substantially
rectangular form and thus substantially equivalent to the
vertically elongated waterways provided in the constructions
disclosed in our aforementioned co-pending patent application. The
inner walls 29 of each boiler section 26, 27 is cast integrally
with flat parallel laterally projecting fins 31, these being
closely spaced from one another along the boiler section. The lower
edges 33 of the fins are preferably inclined laterally outwardly
and downwardly from the inner edges of the fins 31. The fins 31 may
be positioned at any angle to the inner walls 29, but they are
preferably perpendicular to the inner wall.
A linear gas burner 34 extends medially between the two sections
26, 27 so that, during operation, hot gases from the burner 34 will
pass upwardly and over the surfaces of the fins 31 so that the fins
31 will conduct heat to the water traversing path 28 between walls
29, 30. Control means 35 for the supply of gas to the gas burner 34
may be arranged below the burner 34. Alternatively, the control
means 35 may be arranged to one side of the boiler section as
indicated by dotted lines 36.
The arrangement of the two sections 26, 27 provides effectively a
"wet-sided" heat exchanger, thereby eliminating, as in the
embodiment of FIG. 2, the necessity for extensive heat insulation
of the outer side walls 30. The gas flue passages are bound and
confined by the inner walls 29 through which the hot gases from the
burner 34 pass upwardly for discharge to the outlet. Means may be
provided at the top of the boiler sections for deflecting the flue
gases through a suitable collector hood to a conventional diverter
for discharge through a conventional chimney outlet.
The arrangement shown in FIG. 3 is particularly convenient and
suitable for incorporation in a combined gas-fire and boiler unit,
the boiler sections together with the associated gas burner, or
burners, and the control means therefor, all being disposed behind
the gas-fire, for fitting into a fireplace opening.
In each of the aforedescribed embodiments, pump means (not shown)
may be provided for forcing water through the boiler sections. Any
number of sections may be joined together in series or parallel
relationship. In operation, the pump ensures a continuous flow of
water under pressure through the several sections and the
heat-exchange surfaces provided by the multiplicity of closely
arranged fins serves to ensure satisfactory heating of the
water.
As in the embodiments disclosed in our co-pending Patent
Application, the construction shown, for example, in FIGS. 3 and 3A
has fins which extend over substantially the whole vertical height
of the waterways, and the relative dimensions of the fins and
waterways, including the spacings, reinforcements, saw-cuts or
gaps, etc., may be as specified or described in our co-pending
application. In particular, the constructions of our co-pending
application and also the construction shown in the accompanying
FIG. 3 of the present application, may have fins which at the, or
each, side of the waterway, have a lateral extent of 11/2 to 21/2
times the width of the waterway and a mean thickness of each fin
may be about one-sixth to one-tenth times the width of the
waterway. Moreover, the constructions of the co-pending application
and those described above, may have the heating capacity thereof
increased, as already noted, by employing a number of sections,
these being arranged either in series or in parallel
relationship.
While the constructions shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 of this application
include vertical waterways and vertically arranged flat fins,
horizontal sections of equivalent constructions may be provided and
organized, if desired. The arrangement of FIG. 3 of the present
invention may employ, for example, horizontal flat waterways and
horizontal flat juxtaposed fins, and a corresponding similar gas
burner positioned beneath the fins.
While this invention has been shown and described in certain
particular arrangements merely for illustration and explanation and
while certain particular dimensions and proportions have been
recited for aiding in understanding the significant parameters of
the miniaturized heat exchange elements of this invention and of
the boiler in which such elements may be embodied, it should be
clearly understood that this invention may be embodied in other and
widely varied organizations without departing from the spirit and
scope of this invention.
* * * * *