U.S. patent number 3,730,283 [Application Number 05/090,267] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-01 for method of reaming ground through holes and device for effecting same.
Invention is credited to Jury Innokentievich Alkasarov, Leonid Stepanovich Belov, Mikhail Vladimirovich Burshtein, Alexandr Isovich Golbinshtein, Konstantin Stepanovich Gurkov, Alexandr Dmitrievich Kostylev, Nikolai Sergeevich Lavrov, Nikolai Leontievich Legechev, Petr Eduardovich Malbert, Dmitry Pavlovich Mikushin, Nikolai Grigorievich Nazarov, Alexandr Mironovich Reinsburg, Alexei Danilovich Terskov, Khaim Berkovich Tkach.
United States Patent |
3,730,283 |
Kostylev , et al. |
May 1, 1973 |
METHOD OF REAMING GROUND THROUGH HOLES AND DEVICE FOR EFFECTING
SAME
Abstract
A method of reaming through holes by destroying the soil layers
adjacent to the hole, and a device for effecting this method, in
which the reamer is provided with means used for destroying in the
hole the adjacent layers of the soil.
Inventors: |
Kostylev; Alexandr Dmitrievich
(Novosibirsk, SU), Gurkov; Konstantin Stepanovich
(Novosibirsk, SU), Tkach; Khaim Berkovich
(Novosibirsk, SU), Nazarov; Nikolai Grigorievich
(Novosibirsk, SU), Malbert; Petr Eduardovich
(Novosibirsk, SU), Lavrov; Nikolai Sergeevich
(Novosibirsk, SU), Alkasarov; Jury Innokentievich
(Novosibirsk, SU), Legechev; Nikolai Leontievich
(Novosibirsk, SU), Golbinshtein; Alexandr Isovich
(Moscow, SU), Reinsburg; Alexandr Mironovich (Odessa,
SU), Burshtein; Mikhail Vladimirovich (Odessa,
SU), Mikushin; Dmitry Pavlovich (Novosibirsk,
SU), Terskov; Alexei Danilovich (Novosibirsk,
SU), Belov; Leonid Stepanovich (Novosibirsk,
SU) |
Family
ID: |
27560512 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/090,267 |
Filed: |
November 17, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
175/53;
175/62 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B
7/28 (20130101); E21B 7/26 (20130101); E21B
7/265 (20130101); E21B 21/16 (20130101); E21B
7/30 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E21B
21/16 (20060101); E21B 7/28 (20060101); E21B
21/00 (20060101); E21B 7/30 (20060101); E21B
7/00 (20060101); E21B 7/26 (20060101); E21c
028/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;175/53,62,389,890,406,407 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Brown; David H.
Assistant Examiner: Favreau; Richard E.
Claims
What we claim is:
1. A device for reaming ground through holes by destroying the soil
layers adjacent to the hole simultaneously with the blowing-through
of said hole in the direction of its reaming, comprising a body; a
drive for displacing said body through said hole; a reamer mounted
at the leading end portion of said body and having lattice walls;
said walls of said reamer forming at the trailing end portion
thereof a chamber; a compressor communicating with said chamber;and
a nozzle being provided at the leading end of said reamer.
2. A device according to claim 1, in which a disc accommodating
nozzles built therein, mounted tangentially and inclined in the
direction of said nozzle of said reamer, is installed inside said
chamber of the reamer capably of rotating freely.
3. A device according to claim 1, in which the face wall of said
chamber of said reamer is made from an elastic material and is
provided with a cut which in the course of the face wall
deformation forms an orifice.
4. A device according to claim 1, in which the walls of said reamer
are formed by a system of rings-cutters of different sizes,
arranged one after another as their diameters increase and
interconnected by ribs.
5. A device according to claim 4, in which said ribs
interconnecting said rings-cutters protrude outside relative to
said rings.
Description
The present invention relates to methods of reaming ground
through-holes, and to devices for effecting these methods.
At present, widely known in the art is a method of reaming
preliminarily formed through-holes by double packing adjacent
layers of the soil, as a result of which the holes are reamed to a
required diameter. Usually, the packing is not carried out more
than two times, since further packing is generally inefficient and
requires much energy.
The above method is disadvantageous in that the formation of holes
of large diameters may bring about bulging which may result in
destruction of constructions, such as railway tracks or highways,
disposed thereabove. Experiences show that the above-described
method can be applied only in the cases when the diameter of the
hole does not exceed 400 mm.
Additionally, the prior art method of forming reamed holes by
packing consumes large quantities of energy, and therefore requires
use of powerful devices.
In order to carry out the method of reaming holes by packing, use
is generally made of devices statically of the following two types:
devices acting upon the ground and those dynamically acting upon
the ground.
In both cases the working member (tool) of the device is
essentially a reamer, i.e., a conically-shaped body.
In the static-action device the reamer is drawn through a hole by
means of jacks acting on the reamer through the intermediary of
rods.
Also known in the art are static-action devices having a reamer
which is drawn through a hole by means of a hoist.
These devices are disadvantageous in that they are generally
inefficient and require large quantities of energy.
The devices that act upon the ground dynamically incorporate
essentially a percussive mechanism in which a reamer is mounted in
the head portion thereof. Under the action of an impact impulse the
devices are moved forwardly and their reamer moves the soil aside,
thereby reaming the hole.
All the afore-described devices can be used only for carrying out
methods of reaming holes by packing the soil.
It is an object of the present invention to eliminate the
disadvantages of the conventional method of reaming holes through
provision of an improved and novel reaming method, and to provide a
device for carrying out the improved method.
Accordingly, a primary object of the present invention is to
provide a method of reaming holes, which is based on the principle
of removal of the soil from the hole rather than on the principle
of packing the soil adjacent to the hole, and furthermore provides
for a device for carrying out the inventive method.
This object is accomplished in that the method of reaming ground
through-holes, according to the invention, consists of in that the
soil layers adjacent to the hole are destroyed simultaneously with
the blowing-through of the hole in the direction in which it is
being reamed.
In order to carry out the method with the device for reaming ground
through holes, the device is essentially a body which is moved
through the hole by means of a drive, and includes a reamer mounted
at the head portion thereof. In accordance with the invention, the
walls of the reamer constitute a lattice and form in the tail
portion of the reamer a chamber which is connected with a
compressor, being provided at the front portion thereof with a
nozzle.
It is expedient to construct the lattice walls of the reamer from
rings-cutters of different sizes, which are arranged one after
another as their diameters increase, and which are interconnected
by ribs.
In order to protect the rings against boulders or other encountered
obstacles which cannot be packed, the ribs interconnecting the
rings-cutters are disposed in such a manner so as to protrude
outside relative to the rings.
In view of this embodiment of the ribs, the afore-mentioned
obstacles or boulder are moved aside during operation of the
device.
In order to prevent the nozzle passage from being clogged, and to
provide for a more effective destruction of the soil cuttings, a
disc accommodating nozzles which are built therein, mounted
tangentially and inclined in the direction of the nozzle of the
reamer, is installed within the chamber of the reamer, and is
adapted to be freely rotated.
To preclude an emergency increase of pressure in the chamber in the
case the passage of the preliminary holes is completely clogged,
the face wall of the reamer is made from an elastic material and is
provided with a cut which forms an orifice during the course of any
face wall deformation.
The following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the
present invention is given with reference to the accompanying
drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a ground through-hole reamed for a portions of its
length by the method according to the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of
the device for reaming the hole by the method according to the
invention;
FIG. 3 is a section taken along line III in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a section taken along line IV--IV in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment
of the device for effecting the method of reaming the hole
according to the invention; and
FIG. 6 is a section taken along line VI--VI in FIG. 5.
The method according to the present invention is adapted for
reaming through-holes which are preliminarily formed by any
conventional method and by means of any conventional device.
Holes may be reamed with any of the below-described devices.
Due to the fact that the reamer of each of these devices is
provided with lattice walls, the soil is destroyed as the reamer
advances along the hole and, through the orifices of the reamer, is
conveyed into the chamber of the latter. Particles of the ground
soil within the chamber of the reamer are then carried away from
the hole by an air flow generated by the compressor and which
directed along the hole being reamed.
In order to keep the particles of the ground soil in a loose or
suspended state, the speed of the air flow must be maintained
sufficiently high.
In practice, the method can be applied to the reaming of holes in
any soil, in a coal seam, or the like.
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the device designed for carrying out
the method according to the invention.
The device comprises a percussive mechanism 1 consisting of a body
2 with a percussor (not shown in the drawing) movable within the
body; and a reamer 3 secured to the front portion of the body 2 of
the percussive mechanism 1.
The reamer 3 is formed by ring-shaped cutters 4 of different
diameters, arranged one after another as their diameters increase.
The cutters 4 are interconnected by ribs 5 which are secured by
means of a coupling 6 (FIG. 2) on the body 2.
The ribs 5 are made so that they protrude outside relative to the
cutting edges of the cutters 4. Because of this construction, in
case the reamer encounters a boulder or some other obstacle that
cannot be ground or packed, the latter is moved aside by the
inclined surfaces of the ribs 5.
At its front or leading end portion the reamer 3 is provided with a
nozzle 7, and at its trailing end portion it is connected, by means
of a shell 8, with a chamber 9 into which compressed air is
supplied from a compressor (not shown in the drawing) through a
pipe line 10. Mounted on the pipe line 10 is a support valve 11
which distributes the supply of the compressed air into the body 2
of the mechanism 1 and inside the chamber 9. The compressed air
used by the mechanism 1 is also delivered into the chamber 9.
Mounted so as to be capable of free displacement within the shell 8
is a disc 12 with nozzles 13 which are disposed tangentially and
are inclined relative to the nozzle of the reamer 7 (FIGS. 2 and
3).
The face wall 14 of chamber 9 is made of an elastic material, such
as rubber. An emergency pressure rise within the chamber 9 caused
by the clogging of the passage of the nozzle 7 or of the
preliminary hole 15 formed in the ground as shown in FIG. 1, causes
deformation of the wall 14, as a result of which a clearance is
formed between the wall and the walls of the cut through which the
pipe line 10 is laid, so as to thereby vent the compressed air into
the atmosphere through the reamed hole 16.
The device functions as follows:
The nozzle 7 of the device is brought into the preliminarily formed
hole 15 as shown in FIG. 1, and which extends between two end
shafts 15' sunk into the ground.
With the compressed air being conveyed through the pipe line 10,
the mechanism 1 starts delivering blows against the reamer 3, thus
providing for advancement of the device along the hole. With the
device advancing, the adjacent layers of the soil are cut off by
the annular cutters, the soil passes through the lattice walls of
the reamer, and is then ground and carried away to the outside by
the air flow along the preliminary hole 15 through the nozzle 7.
This forms the enlarged diameter bore hole 15", as shown in FIG. 1
of the drawings, having a diameter commensurate with the external
diameter of the device.
WIth the air flow generated by the compressor, because of the
nozzles 13 being arranged in the afore-described manner, the disc
12 rotates, thus creating narrow air streams. This contributes to
an additional crushing of the soil cuttings, and provides for a
more effective removal of the soil particles.
The friction forces arising between the surface of the shell 8 and
the soil protect the device in the hole against the action of
inertial forces.
FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the device for reaming holes
through the method according to the present invention.
The device comprises a percussive mechanism 17 consisting of a body
18 with a percussor (not shown in the drawing) being movable within
the body; and with a reamer 19 being secured on the front portion
of the body 18 of the percussive mechanism 17.
The reamer 19 is made integral with a chamber 20 and is provided at
the front portion thereof with a nozzle 21. The walls of the reamer
and nozzle are provided with orifices 22 (FIGS. 5,6) and 23 (FIG.
5), respectively.
By means of ribs 24 the reamer 19 and chamber 20 are secured to a
coupling 25 which, in turn, is mounted on the front portion of the
body 18 of the percussive mechanism 17.
The face wall 26 of chamber 20 is made in a manner analogous to
that described with reference to the first embodiment of the device
and has an analogous designation.
Compressed air is delivered into the mechanism 17 through a hose
27, and into the chamber 20 through a hose 28.
In general, the device operates in a manner analogous to that of
the device of the first embodiment. As the device advances, the
adjacent layers of the soil are pushed through the orifices 22, and
soil particles 29 are conveyed to the outside by the compressed air
along the preliminary hole 30. The orifices 23 of the nozzle 21 are
designed to prevent packing of the soil disposed ahead of the
reamer 19.
* * * * *