U.S. patent number 3,727,410 [Application Number 05/204,498] was granted by the patent office on 1973-04-17 for exhaust gas manifold.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Arvin Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to David R. Bentley, George E. Scheitlin.
United States Patent |
3,727,410 |
Scheitlin , et al. |
April 17, 1973 |
EXHAUST GAS MANIFOLD
Abstract
An exhaust gas manifold for an internal combustion engine in
which there is provided an outer shell including an outer sleeve
having a pair of end caps closing the ends thereof. An inner shell
is carried within the outer shell and is formed by a plurality of
slidably interfit inner sleeves which are supported in spaced
relation to the outer sleeve on mounting members mounted on a
second pair of end caps closing the ends of said inner shell and
connected to said first pair of end caps. A plurality of inlet
conduits and an outlet conduit are connected to said outer shell,
and a plurality of inlet conduits and an outlet conduit are also
connected to said inner shell with the conduits on said inner shell
being carried in, and movable with respect to, the conduits on said
outer shell.
Inventors: |
Scheitlin; George E. (Columbus,
IN), Bentley; David R. (Toledo, OH) |
Assignee: |
Arvin Industries, Inc.
(Columbus, IN)
|
Family
ID: |
22758156 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/204,498 |
Filed: |
December 3, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
60/322; 60/323;
60/282 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01N
3/26 (20130101); F01N 13/10 (20130101); F01N
13/102 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F01N
3/26 (20060101); F01N 7/10 (20060101); F01n
007/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;60/322,323,282
;181/40 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hart; Douglas
Claims
We claim:
1. An exhaust gas manifold for an internal combustion engine,
comprising an outer shell formed from an outer sleeve having a
first pair of end caps mounted thereon closing the ends of said
outer sleeve, a plurality of slidably interfit inner sleeves
carried within said outer sleeve, a second pair of end caps
connected to said outer sleeve and said first pair of end caps,
means mounted on said second pair of end caps and slidably
interconnected to the outer ends of the outermost pair of said
inner sleeves for supporting said inner sleeves in spaced relation
to said outer sleeve, a first outlet conduit connected to said
outer shell and projecting outwardly therefrom, a second outlet
conduit in open communication with said inner sleeves carried in
said first outlet conduit and movable with respect to said first
outlet conduit, a plurality of longitudinally spaced first inlet
conduits connected to said outer shell and projecting outwardly
therefrom, and a plurality of second inlet conduits fixedly
connected to said inner sleeves in open communication therewith
slidably carried in said first inlet conduits and movable with
respect to said first inlet conduits.
2. An exhaust gas manifold as set forth in claim 1 with the
addition that a collar is mounted in said first outlet conduit, and
said second inlet conduit is slidably supported in said collar.
3. An exhaust gas manifold as set forth in claim 1 in which said
first inlet and outlet conduits are mounted on said outer sleeve,
and said second inlet and outlet conduits are mounted on said inner
sleeves and project outwardly through openings in said outer sleeve
for reception in said first inlet and outlet conduits.
4. An exhaust gas manifold as set forth in claim 1 in which said
first outlet conduit is mounted on one of said first pair of end
caps, said second outlet conduit is mounted on one of said second
pair of end caps and projects outwardly through an opening in said
one of said first pair of end caps for reception in said first
outlet conduit, said first inlet conduits are mounted on said outer
sleeve, and said second inlet conduits are mounted on said inner
sleeves and project outwardly through openings in said outer sleeve
for reception in said first inlet conduits.
5. An exhaust gas manifold as set forth in claim 2 in which each of
said first end caps has a central wall in a plane normal to the
longitudinal axis of said outer sleeve and integral with a
peripheral flange parallel with said outer sleeve, and each of said
second pair of end caps comprises an end wall in a plane generally
normal to said longitudinal axis and integral with an annular wall
parallel with said longitudinal axis, an annular radially extending
web parallel with said end wall and connected at one of its ends to
said annular wall and at its opposite end to an annular flange
parallel with said peripheral flange, the webs on said second end
caps abut and are rigidly connected to the adjacent portion of the
central walls on said first end caps and the annular flanges on
said second end caps abut and are rigidly connected to said outer
sleeve and said peripheral flanges on said first end caps.
6. An exhaust gas manifold for an internal combustion engine,
comprising an outer shell formed from an outer sleeve having a
first pair of end caps mounted thereon closing the ends of said
outer sleeve, a plurality of slidably interfit inner sleeves
carried within said outer sleeve, a second pair of end caps
connected adjacent their periphery to said outer sleeve and first
pair of end caps, each of said second pair of end caps having its
central portion offset inwardly toward the center of the manifold,
means mounted on said central portion of said second pair of end
caps and slidably interconnected to the outer ends of the outermost
pair of said inner sleeves for supporting said inner sleeves in
spaced relation to said outer sleeve, a first outlet conduit
connected to said outer shell and projecting outwardly therefrom, a
second outlet conduit in open communication with said inner sleeves
carried in said first outlet conduit and movable with respect to
said first outlet conduit, a plurality of longitudinally spaced
first inlet conduits connected to said outer shell and projecting
outwardly therefrom, and a plurality of second inlet conduits
fixedly connected to said inner sleeves in open communication
therewith slidably carried in said first inlet conduits and movable
with respect to said first inlet conduits.
7. An exhaust gas manifold as set forth in claim 5 in which said
means for supporting the inner sleeves comprises two pairs of rings
with the rings in each pair having their outer ends rigidly
interconnected to said annular wall on one of said second end caps
and their inner ends projecting inwardly therefrom, the inner ends
of said rings in each pair being spaced apart and received over the
end of the adjacent inner sleeve for slidably supporting said
adjacent inner sleeve.
8. An exhaust gas manifold as set forth in claim 5 in which first
and second outlet conduits, said first and second inlet conduits,
said inner and outer sleeves, and the central portions of said
first and second pairs of end caps are each spaced from each other
and a compressible insulation is carried in said spaces.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Internal combustion engines, particularly the internal combustion
engines in motor vehicles, contribute a substantial amount of
exhaust products to the atmosphere including substantial amounts of
the oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons and carbon monozide which are
discharged from such engines in the exhaust gases. These pollutants
when introduced into the atmosphere in sufficient quantities
produce an atmospheric condition referred to as air pollution or
smog.
Exhaust manifold gas temperatures will vary from 600.degree. F. to
over 1800.degree. F. depending upon where the temperatures are
measured and the engine operating conditions. If the exhaust gases
are permitted to be retained in the manifold at the higher
temperatures for a relatively short period of time, and mixed
homogeneously with air, the unburned hydrocarbons and carbon
monozide in the exhaust gases will be oxidized to thus reduce the
amount of such pollutants that are discharged from the manifold.
However, with the manifold designs heretofore employed, the mass of
the manifold prevents it from being brought up to a high
temperature quickly to achieve such oxidation. Further, because of
its mass, the manifold can not retain a large volume of the exhaust
gases therein so that the gases are not retained therein for a
period sufficient to achieve any significant degree of
oxidation.
The present invention provides a means of obtaining a higher
sensible exhaust gas temperature quickly and for increasing the
dwell time of the gases in the manifold, thereby providing
homogeneous mixing of the exhaust gases and air while at the same
time providing a lightweight manifold construction which will be
able to withstand its inherent expansion and contraction due to the
elevated temperatures. caused by the oxidation of the
smog-producing pollutants within the manifold.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with one form of the invention, there is provided an
exhaust gas manifold having an outer shell formed by an elongated
outer sleeve having a pair of end caps closing the opposed ends
thereof. An inner shell is carried within said outer shell and is
formed by a plurality of slidably interfit inner sleeves. Said
inner shell is supported in spaced relation to the outer shell by
pairs of mounting members carried on a second pair of end caps
closing the opposed ends of said inner shell and connected to said
first pair of end caps.
A plurality of inlet conduits and an outlet conduit are connected
to the outer sleeve. Each of the inner sleeves has an inlet conduit
connected thereto which projects outwardly through one of the inlet
conduits in said plurality of inlet conduits mounted on the outer
sleeve. An outlet conduit is also mounted on one of the inner
sleeves and projects outwardly through the outlet conduit mounted
on the outer sleeve. Each of the inlet conduits and the outlet
conduit on the inner shell is disposed in spaced relation to, and
is movable with respect to, its associated inlet conduit and outlet
conduit on the outer sleeve.
Conveniently, thermal insulating material is interposed between the
outer and inner sleeves and the inlet and outlet conduits of the
inner and outer shells.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention. In such
drawings:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of an exhaust gas manifold
embodying the invention;
FIG. 2 is a vertical section taken on the line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section showing a modified form of the
manifold shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section of another modified form of the
manifold shown in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is a vertical section taken on the line 5--5 of FIG. 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the manifold comprises an
elongated outer sheet-metal shell 10 formed from an annular sleeve
11. Sleeve 11 is closed at its ends by a pair of end caps 13 which
are identical in their construction. Each of said end caps
comprises a central wall 15 disposed in a plane normal to the
longitudinal axis of the manifold and terminating at its outer
circumferential edge in a peripheral flange 17 concentric with the
sleeve 11.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a plurality of longitudinally spaced
inlet conduits 20 project outwardly from openings 19 in the sleeve
11. Each of said conduits is connected at its outer end, as by
welding, to a flange 21 adapted to be connected to an exhaust port
of an internal combustion engine. An outlet conduit 23 also
projects outwardly from an opening 24 in the sleeve 11 and is
rigidly connected at its outer end, as by welding, to a mounting
flange 25 for connecting said conduit to an exhaust pipe.
Carried within the outer shell 10 is an inner sheetmetal shell 28.
As shown in FIG. 1, the inner shell 28 is formed from a plurality
of longitudinally extending sleeves 30. Each of said sleeves is
slidably interconnected to the next adjacent sleeve by having one
of its ends offset radially inwardly, as at 31. A collar 32 is
mounted on the sleeve in longitudinal alignment with the offset 31
so that said collar and offset form an annular slot around one end
of the sleeve in which the adjacent end of an adjacent sleeve is
slidably received.
The opposed ends of the inner shell 28 are closed by a pair of
identical end caps 35. Each of said end caps comprises an end wall
38 lying in a plane generally normal to the longitudinal axis of
the manifold and spaced inwardly from the central wall 15 of the
adjacent end cap 13. Said end wall terminates at its outer
circumference in an annular wall 39 concentric with the inner
sleeve. The wall 39 terminates at its outer edge in an annular web
40 radiating outwardly from wall 39 and terminating at its outer
edge in an annular flange 42 interposed between the outer sleeve 11
and the flange 17 of the adjacent end cap 13. The flanges 17 and 42
are thus interconnected to each other and to the sleeve 11, as by
welding, for rigidizing the inner and outer sleeves and closing the
ends thereof.
Each of the end caps 35 has a pair of concentric inner and outer
rings 44 and 45 mounted thereon and projecting longitudinally
inwardly therefrom. As shown in FIG. 1, ring 45 has a radially
extending stretch 47 at its outer end which is connected, as by
welding, to the end cap web 40. The stretch 47 is integral with an
inwardly projecting portion 49 which, adjacent its outer end, is
welded to the end cap annular wall 39, and at its inner end, is
offset radially inwardly, as at 50. Thus, the ring 44 and the
offset 50 in ring 45 define an annular slot. At one end of the
manifold, the slot formed by the rings 44 and 45 slidably receives
the adjacent end of the adjacent sleeve 30. At the opposite end of
the manifold, the slot formed by rings 44 and 45 slidably receives
one end of an adapter sleeve 53, the opposite end of said adapter
sleeve being slidably received in the slot formed by the offset 31
and collar 32 on the adjacent inner sleeve 30. Thus, the sleeves 30
and 53 of inner shell 28 are supported in spaced relation to the
outer shell 10 and are longitudinally expandable and contractable
with respect to each other and with respect to said outer
shell.
Each of the inner sleeves 30 and 53 has connected thereto an
outwardly projecting inlet conduit 55 disposed in spaced concentric
alignment with one of the outer shell inlet conduits 20. As shown
in FIG. 2, each of the inlet conduits 55 is connected to its
associated inner sleeve by deforming the inner end of said conduit
to define an annular channel 57 which is bindingly crimped around
the circumferential edge of an inlet opening 59 formed in said
sleeve. The conduit 55 projects outwardly through one of the
openings 19 and is rigidly connected, as by welding, to the
associated mounting flange 25.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, an outlet conduit 62 is mounted
on one of the inner shells 30 in alignment with the outer shell
outlet 23. Like the inlet conduits 55, the inner end of the outlet
conduit 62 is connected to its associated inner sleeve 30 by
deforming the inner end of said outlet conduit to define a channel
64 which is crimped over the circumferential edge of an outlet
opening 65 formed in the associated inner sleeve 30. The conduit 62
projects outwardly through the opening 24 in abutting sliding
engagement with an adapter conduit 66 disposed in concentric spaced
relation to the outlet conduit 23 and rigidly connected to the
mounting flange 25. Thus, both the inlet conduits 55 and the outlet
conduit 62 for the inner shell 28 are movable with their associated
inner sleeves and with respect to the outer shell inlets 20 and
outlet 23 during expansion and contraction of the inner shell
28.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a layer of compressible thermal
insulating material 68 is interposed between the inner and outer
sleeves. Desirably, said insulating material is also interposed
between the end walls 38 of the end caps 35 and the central walls
15 of end caps 13. It is also interposed in the spaces between the
inlet and outlet conduits on said inner and outer shells.
The embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is identical in its construction
with the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 with the exception that
the peripheral flange 17' on each of the end caps 13' extends
around the outer face of the outer sleeve 11' of shell 10' and is
rigidly connected thereto to thus dispose the central wall 15'
outwardly beyond the ends of shell 11'. The embodiment further
differs from the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 in that the annular
sleeve 42' on each of the end caps 35' is omitted so that the end
caps 35' are interconnected to the outer shell 10' by their webs
40' which are rigidly secured to the central walls 15' of end caps
13'.
The embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 differs from the embodiments
shown in FIGS. 1-3 in the construction of the end caps for the
inner and outer shells and in the mounting of the outlet conduit on
the manifold. Thus, the outer shell 110 comprises an elongated
outer sleeve 111 closed at its ends by a pair of end caps 113 each
of which comprises a central wall 115 disposed in a plane generally
normal to the longitudinal axis of the manifold and terminating at
its outer end in a peripheral flange 117 concentric with, and
extending inwardly over, the adjacent end of the outer sleeve
111.
An outlet conduit 120 for the outer shell 110 is mounted on one of
the end caps 113. To this end, the inner end of the conduit 120 is
deformed to define an annular channel 121 which is bindingly
crimped around an outlet opening 122 formed in the central end cap
wall 115. The outer end of the conduit 120 is connected to a
mounting flange 123 for connecting the manifold to an exhaust pipe.
A plurality of longitudinally spaced inlet conduits 124 project
outwardly from openings 126 in the sleeve 111 and are connected at
their outer ends to mounting flanges 125 adapted to be connected to
the exhaust ports of an internal combustion engine.
An inner shell 128 is carried within the outer shell 110, and is
formed from a plurality of interfitting sleeves 130 and 153
identical in construction to the inner sleeves shown in FIGS. 1-3.
Thus, each of the inner sleeves 130 is provided at one of its ends
with an annular offset 131 in longitudinal alignment with a collar
132 to define an annular slot in which the adjacent end of an
adjacent inner sleeve is slidably received.
The opposed ends of the shell 128 are closed by a pair of end caps
135. Each of said end caps comprises an end wall 138 disposed in a
plane generally normal to the longitudinal axis of the manifold and
terminating at its outer edge in an annular wall 139. The outer
edge of wall 139 is continuous with a radially projecting annular
web 140 which in turn is integral at its outer edge with an annular
flange 142. Flange 142 is bent inwardly and interposed between the
shell 111 and the flange 117 on the adjacent end cap 113. As shown,
the flanges 117 and 142 are rigidly connected to the outer shell
111, as by welding.
Each of the end caps 135 has a pair of rings 144 and 145 mounted
thereon and projecting inwardly therefrom. The ring 145 is provided
at its outer end with a radially extending stretch 147 rigidly
connected to the web 140 on its associated end cap and integrally
joined to an inwardly projecting portion 149 connected to the
annular wall 139 on said end cap. The inner end of the portion 149
is offset radially inwardly, as at 151, to define with the ring 144
an annular slot. Thus, the sleeve 130 at one end of the manifold is
slidably carried in the slot defined by the rings 144 and 145, and
the adapter sleeve 153 at the opposite end of the manifold is
slidably carried in the slot defined by the pair of rings 144 and
145 at the opposite end of the manifold.
Each of the sleeves 130 and 153 is provided with an inlet conduit
155 concentrically disposed within one of the outer shell inlet
conduits 124. The inner end of each of the inlet conduits 155 is
deformed to define an annular channel 157 bindingly crimped around
the circumferential edge of an inlet opening 159 formed in its
associated inner sleeve. The conduits project outwardly through the
openings 126 with their outer ends fixedly connected, as by
welding, to the mounting flanges 125.
An outlet conduit 162 is mounted on one of the end caps 135. As
shown in FIG. 4, the inner end of the outlet conduit 162 is
deformed to define an annular channel 164 crimped around the
circumferential edge of an opening 165 formed in the central wall
138 of said end cap. The conduit 162 projects outwardly through the
opening 122 and is slidably carried in an adapter outlet conduit
166 whose outer end is rigidly connected, as by welding, to the
mounting flange 123.
Conveniently, as with the other embodiments, compressible
insulating material 168 is interposed between the inner and outer
shells and between their inlet and outlet conduits.
It is contemplated that air will be introduced into the manifold,
but this may be done in any convenient or desired manner, such as
for example, introducing it with the exhaust gases at the various
manifold inlets connected to the engine exhaust ports.
* * * * *