U.S. patent number 3,721,387 [Application Number 05/149,134] was granted by the patent office on 1973-03-20 for ejector with variable mixing section and primary nozzle areas.
This patent grant is currently assigned to United Aircraft Corporation. Invention is credited to George E. Wilmot, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,721,387 |
Wilmot, Jr. |
March 20, 1973 |
EJECTOR WITH VARIABLE MIXING SECTION AND PRIMARY NOZZLE AREAS
Abstract
The effectiveness of a jet pump is increased over a wide range
of operating pressures by varying the areas of the primary nozzle
and mixing chamber so that the ratio of the two is held at a
substantially constant value by a plug designed such that the ratio
of any cross-sectional areas of two spaced stations of the mixing
chamber along the longitudinal axis of the plug is also
substantially constant for each position of the primary nozzle.
Inventors: |
Wilmot, Jr.; George E.
(Warehouse Point, CT) |
Assignee: |
United Aircraft Corporation
(East Hartford, CT)
|
Family
ID: |
22528940 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/149,134 |
Filed: |
June 2, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/416.4;
239/417.5; 239/417.3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01F
5/0413 (20130101); F04F 5/461 (20130101); B01F
5/0428 (20130101); B01F 2005/0435 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F04F
5/00 (20060101); B01F 5/04 (20060101); F04F
5/46 (20060101); B05b 007/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/416.4,416.5,417.3 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wood, Jr.; M. Henson
Assistant Examiner: Thieme; Reinhold W.
Claims
I claim:
1. An ejector having a primary nozzle and a secondary nozzle
disposed in a duct,
an elongated movable plug disposed in said duct immediately
downstream of said primary and secondary nozzles defining with said
duct an annular mixing chamber,
means for positioning said elongated movable plug relative to said
primary nozzle for changing the area of said primary nozzle,
said plug being dimensioned such that the ratio of the area of said
mixing chamber to the area of said primary nozzle remain
substantially constant and the ratio of cross-sectional areas of
any two stations along the longitudinal axis of said plug also
remains substantially constant.
2. An ejector as claimed in claim 1 including an elongated fixed
plug disposed in said duct in axial alignment with said elongated
movable plug and defining with said duct a diffuser nozzle.
3. An ejector as claimed in claim 1 wherein said movable plug
concomitantly changes the area of the primary nozzle and the
longitudinal cross-sectional area of said mixing chamber.
4. An ejector disposed in a duct having a primary nozzle and a
secondary nozzle,
an elongated movable plug disposed in said duct immediately
downstream of said primary and secondary nozzles defining with said
duct an annular mixing chamber and having one end portion movable
into and out of the exit opening of the primary nozzle,
means for positioning said elongated movable plug relative to said
primary nozzle for varying the opening of said primary nozzle to a
full open and full closed position,
said plug being conically-like dimensioned such that the ratio of
the area of said mixing chamber to the area of said primary nozzle
remain substantially constant and the ratio of cross-sectional
areas of any two stations along the longitudinal axis of said plug
also remains substantially constant,
the space between said elongated movable plug and said duct being
wider adjacent the primary nozzle and fairing to a narrower space
at the opposite end of said plug.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to jet pumps and more particularly to an
ejector having variable primary nozzle area and mixing chamber
area.
This invention constitutes an improvement over the ejector claimed
and disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,531,218 granted to J. L. Warner on
Sept. 29, 1970, and assigned to the same assignee. As is disclosed
in that patent, a hinged gate type of valve on the end of the
primary nozzle of the ejector serves to concomitantly open and
close the primary and secondary nozzles. In this arrangement the
mixing chamber, that is, where the primary flow and secondary flow
intermingle immediately downstream of the nozzles, remains fixed.
For situations where it is necessary for the ejector to operate
over wide range of operating conditions, the ejector disclosed in
the patent noted above and the prior art devices have proven to be
less efficient at the high flow ranges although quite satisfactory
during the low flow ranges. Thus, I have found that I can improve
the effectiveness of an ejector by providing means for varying the
mixing area and primary nozzle area simultaneously. In order to
obtain an effective ejector over the entire operating range in
accordance with this invention, it is necessary to maintain the
ratio between the areas of the primary nozzle and the mixing
chamber at substantially a constant value and also maintain the
cross-sectional areas of any two stations taken along the
longitudinal axis of the mixing chamber at a substantially constant
value.
By utilizing a plug in the mixing area serving to vary the area of
the primary nozzle and also changing the size of the length of the
mixing chamber, the ejector provides a minimum pressure drop while
assuring that the efficiency of the ejector is maintained at an
acceptable level over the entire operating range.
Such a configuration results in an overall shorter ejector
affording an efficient device within a smaller envelope than
heretofore achieved which is of paramount importance particularly
in an aircraft application.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
An object of this invention is to provide an improved ejector.
A further object of this invention is to provide an ejector with a
variable area of the primary nozzle and the mixing chamber while
maintaining the ratio of the areas of the primary nozzle and the
mixing chamber at a substantially constant value and also
maintaining the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of any two
stations along the longitudinal axis of the mixing section at a
substantially constant value.
Other features and advantages will be apparent from the
specification and claims and from the accompanying drawings which
illustrate an embodiment of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a graph plotting the values of the area of the primary
nozzle and the ratio of the mixing chamber and primary nozzle areas
for both an ejector of the present invention and a prior art
ejector having a variable primary nozzle and a fixed mixing
chamber.
FIG. 2 is a view, partly in section and partly in schematic,
illustrating the details of the preferred embodiment of this
invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The graph shown in FIG. 1 is a plot of a prior art ejector having a
fixed mixing chamber and variable primary nozzle showing the
dimensions illustrated by line 10 and the plot of the improved
ejector illustrated by line 12. It is apparent that between primary
nozzle areas of 1 to 1.5 the improved ejector is dimensioned so
that the area ratio of the mixing chamber to primary nozzle is
substantially constant whereas the prior art ejector illustrated by
line 10 shows that this relationship is not constant. While plugs
have been used in heretofore known ejectors, these types of
ejectors do not maintain the area ratio of any two stations taken
along the longitudinal axis thereof at a substantially constant
value and thus not affording the effectiveness obtained by the
present invention.
Referring next to FIG. 2 which shows an ejector generally
illustrated by the numeral 14 having a primary nozzle 16 and a
secondary nozzle 18. A substantially conically shaped plug member
20 is positioned by the actuator generally illustrated by the
numeral 22 for moving it relative to the primary nozzle 16 for
varying its area and changing the volume of the mixing chamber. The
inner diameter of duct 24 and the outer diameter of the plug 20
define an annular space (mixing chamber 25) which receives the flow
from the primary nozzle and the secondary nozzle. As is apparent,
the length of the mixing chamber and volume are varied by varying
the position of plug 20. Thus, positioning of the plug 20
concomitantly changes the area of the primary nozzle 16 and the
length and volume of the mixing chamber 26. Actuator 22 may be a
cylinder having movable piston 28 for receiving pressurized fluid
to effectuate movement thereof. Connecting rod 30 connects member
32 which is firmly affixed to the inner diameter of the plug 20.
The actuator 22 may be supported in fixed plug 34 which is secured
by suitable struts 36 to the inner diameter of the duct 24. The
actuator may take any form since it is not deemed part of the
invention. It will be noted that the duct 24 and the fixed plug 34
may be dimensioned to form a diffuser section for the ejector so as
to effectively recover static pressure. To enhance the flow it is
desirable that the plug 34 be nested in movable plug 20.
It is an important aspect of this invention that the mixing chamber
be dimensioned such that the cross-sectional area of any two
stations taken along the longitudinal axis of plug 20 will be so
dimensioned that its area ratio remains substantially constant. For
example, a cross-sectional area taken along station B will be such
that the cross-sectional area taken along station C will remain
substantially constant for any position of the plug. This will hold
true for any other two stations taken along the longitudinal axis.
Additionally, the area of the primary nozzle illustrated by
reference letter A ratioed to the entire sectional area of the
mixing section taken through a longitudinal plane of the mixing
chamber will also remain substantially constant.
As this invention is used for an air-conditioning system for
aircraft and utilizes the engine bleed air, it is apparent that the
materials selected are selected to withstand high pressures and
temperatures.
It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the
particular embodiments shown and described herein, but that various
changes and modifications may be made without departing from the
spirit or scope of this novel concept as defined by the following
claims.
* * * * *