U.S. patent number 3,720,262 [Application Number 05/108,322] was granted by the patent office on 1973-03-13 for method and apparatus for sub-surface deformation of well pipe.
Invention is credited to Donovan B. Grable.
United States Patent |
3,720,262 |
Grable |
March 13, 1973 |
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SUB-SURFACE DEFORMATION OF WELL PIPE
Abstract
Laterally directed deformation force is applied to structure at
a selected location in a longitudinal bore hole, through use of a
tool that comprises a pressure responsive actuator having a
laterally displaceable plunger, and means to control fluid pressure
application to the actuator. The tool is displaced lengthwise of
the bore hole to selected location by running of a pipe string
carrying the tool, and fluid pressure is transmitted within the
string and its application to the actuator is controlled to effect
lateral displacement of the plunger toward the structure outwardly
of the tool, with resultant deformation of the structure. Flow
beans may be selectively placed in the structure, as for example
punched through well casing, by operation of the tool; and other
deformation operations may be performed at selected locations in a
well.
Inventors: |
Grable; Donovan B. (Long Beach,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
22321538 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/108,322 |
Filed: |
January 21, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
166/298;
166/55.2; 166/378 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B
43/112 (20130101); E21B 29/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E21B
29/00 (20060101); E21B 43/11 (20060101); E21B
43/112 (20060101); E21b 029/00 (); E21b
043/11 () |
Field of
Search: |
;166/298,100,314,315,55-55.8 ;175/77 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Brown; David H.
Claims
I claim:
1. The method of applying laterally directed deformation force to
structure at a selected location in a longitudinal bore hole and
using a tool that comprises a pressure responsive actuator having a
laterally displaceable plunger, and means to control fluid pressure
application to the actuator, the tool carried by a pipe string to
be run lengthwise of and within said hold, said method
including
a. displacing the tool lengthwise of the bore hole to said selected
location by running of said string,
b. transmitting fluid pressure within the string and operating said
means to apply said pressure to the actuator thereby to effect
displacement of the plunger laterally toward said structure
outwardly of the tool and deformation of said structure to which
deforming force is transmitted by the plunger, and
c. sensing a sudden dip in said fluid pressure indicating the
occurrence of said deformation.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein a punching head is carried to be
outwardly displaced by the plunger against a pipe into which the
tool is received in the bore hole and including the step of
controlling said fluid pressure transmission to effect local
outward punch perforation of the pipe.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein a flow bean is carried to be
outwardly displaced by the plunger, and including the step of
controlling said fluid pressure transmission to effect penetration
of said bean into said structure in an outward direction.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein said structure comprises casing in
said bore hole, and said pressure is controlled to effect
penetration of the bean through the casing.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein said casing extends generally
downwardly in the earth to a hydrocarbon fluid producing formation,
and including the steps of withdrawing said tool following said
casing penetration and recovering said fluid that flows into the
casing via said bean.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein a cutter is carried to be
outwardly displaced by the plunger against pipe into which the tool
is displaced, and including the step of controlling said fluid
pressure transmission to effect local penetration of the cutter
into the pipe in an outward direction.
7. The method of claim 6 that includes the step of circularly
cutting said pipe by repeatedly displacing the cutter through the
pipe at circularly spaced locations between which the cutter is
rotated.
8. The method of claim 7 that includes the steps of retracting the
cutter from the pipe at each of said locations following cutter
penetration through the pipe, and rotatably indexing the retracted
cutter between said circularly spaced locations.
9. The method of effecting local swaging of inner pipe outwardly
against the bore of outer pipe at a selected location in a
longitudinal bore hole, the inner pipe received within the outer
pipe, and using a tool that comprises a pressure responsive
actuator having a laterally displaceable plunger, and means to
control fluid pressure application to the actuator, the tool
carried by a pipe string to be run lengthwise of and within said
inner pipe, the tool including a swage carried to be outwardly
displaced by the plunger against the inner pipe, said method
including
a. displacing the tool lengthwise of the inner pipe to said
selected location by running of said pipe string, and
b. transmitting fluid pressure within the string and operating said
means to apply said pressure to the actuator thereby to effect
displacement of the plunger and swage laterally toward said inner
pipe, and controlling said fluid pressure transmission to effect
local swaging of the inner pipe outwardly against the bore of the
outer pipe.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the inner pipe is annularly
swaged outwardly against the outer pipe by repeating said outward
displacement of the swage at circularly spaced locations.
11. The method of applying laterally directed deformation force to
structure at a selected location in a longitudinal bore hole and
using a tool that comprises a pressure responsive actuator having a
laterally displaceable plunger, and means to control fluid pressure
application to the actuator, said means including a valve operated
in the bore hole, the tool carried by a pipe string to be run
lengthwise of and within said hole, said method including
a. displacing the tool lengthwise of the bore hole to said selected
location by running of said string, and
b. transmitting fluid pressure within the string and operating said
means to apply said pressure to the actuator thereby to effect
displacement of the plunger laterally toward said structure
outwardly of the tool and deformation of said structure to which
deforming force is transmitted by the plunger, said operation being
carried out be displacing the string relative to the actuator to
control fluid pressure transmission to the actuator in actuating
and release modes.
12. The method of claim 11 including the step of carrying bore
engaging slip means on the string, and setting said slip means to
engage the bore thereby to enable said displacement of the string
relative to the actuator.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the string is lowered relative
to the actuator to effect valve operation to control outward
displacement of the plunger in response to fluid pressure
application to the actuator.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the string is raised relative to
the actuator to effect valve operation to control retracting
displacement of the plunger in response to fluid pressure
application to the actuator.
15. Apparatus for applying laterally directed deformation force to
structure at a selected location in a longitudinal bore hole,
comprising
a. a tool sized for lengthwise running in the bore hole on a pipe
string and to said selected location, the tool including a fluid
pressure responsive actuator having a laterally displaceable piston
and plunger,
b. means to control application to the actuator piston of
sufficient fluid pressure transmitted within the string to effect
displacement of the plunger laterally toward said structure
outwardly of the tool and deformation of said structure to which
deforming force is transmitted by the plunger, the piston diameter
being substantially greater than the plunger diameter, and
c. means for sensing a sudden dip in said fluid pressure indicating
the occurrence of said deformation.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 including a punching head carried by
the tool to be outwardly displaced by the plunger through a pipe
into which the tool is run in the bore hole.
17. The apparatus of claim 15 including a cutter carried by the
tool to be outwardly displaced by the plunger locally against said
structure in the form of pipe.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the cutter has advanced and
retracted positions at each of a circularly series of tool
locations into which the tool is rotatably indexed during severing
of the pipe by said cutter.
19. Apparatus for applying laterally directed deformation force to
structure at a selected location in a longitudinal bore hole,
comprising
a. a tool sized for lengthwise running in the bore hole on a pipe
string and to said selected location, the tool including a fluid
pressure responsive actuator having a laterally displaceable piston
and plunger, there being a flow bean carried by the tool to be
outwardly displaced by the plunger, the bean being elongated in the
bore hole longitudinal direction and having a longitudinally
elongated tapered nose to penetrate said structure in an outward
direction, the bean containing lateral through porting intersecting
said taper,
b. means to control application to the actuator piston of
sufficient fluid pressure transmitted within the string to effect
displacement of the plunger laterally toward said structure
outwardly of the tool and deformation of said structure by the bean
to which deforming force is transmitted by the plunger, the piston
diameter being substantially greater than the plunger diameter.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 including said structure in the form
of well casing into which said bean penetrates.
21. The apparatus of claim 19 including a magazine carried by the
tool to sequentially supply flow beans for outward displacement by
the plunger.
22. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein said magazine is carried at
one side of the tool to contain a vertical stack of flow beans
adapted to drop into position laterally opposite the tip of said
plunger.
23. Apparatus for the words applying laterally directed deformation
force to structure at a selected location in a longitudinal bore
hole, comprising
a. a tool sized for lengthwise running in the inner pipe on a
supporting pipe string and to said selected location, the tool
including a fluid pressure responsive actuator having a laterally
displaceable plunger, the tool including a swage carried to be
outwardly displaced by the plunger against the inner pipe, and
b. means to control application to the actuator of sufficient fluid
pressure transmitted within the string to effect displacement of
the plunger and swage laterally toward said inner pipe to effect
said local swaging.
24. The apparatus of claim 23 including said inner and outer
pipes.
25. Apparatus for applying laterally directed deformation force to
structure at a selected location in a longitudinal bore hole,
comprising
a. a tool sized for lengthwise running in the bore hole on a pipe
string and to said selected location, the tool including a fluid
pressure responsive actuator having a laterally displaceable
plunger, and
b. means to control application to the actuator of sufficient fluid
pressure transmitted within the string to effect displacement of
the plunger laterally toward said structure outwardly of the tool
and deformation of said structure to which deforming force is
transmitted by the plunger, and
c. said means including a valve carried by the tool to be operated
in response to displacement of the string relative to the actuator
to control fluid pressure transmission to the actuator in plunger
advancing and retracting operating modes.
26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein said valve comprises inner
and outer tubular members with ports relatively movable into and
out of registration in response to said string displacement to
control fluid pressure transmission to the actuator.
27. The apparatus of claim 26 including well bore engaging slip
means on the string and settable to engage the bore to enable said
string displacement relative to the actuator.
28. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein said tool extends vertically
with said slip means extending below the actuator and control
means.
29. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein said slip means is fluid
pressure responsive and in fluid pressure communication with said
actuator.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to locally controlled application
of deformation force in bore holes, and more particularly concerns
method and apparatus for utilizing fluid pressure transmitted
within a pipe string in the hole to effect application of such
force via a tool carried by the string. As will be seen, structure
such as an earth formation, pipe or casing surrounding the tool in
the bore hole may be controllable deformed in accordance with the
invention. As one example, well casing may be perforated, with
realization of heretofore unknown advantages.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the past, a number of tools and methods of perforating well
casing were developed for the purpose of causing the casing to act
as a filtering means to pass well fluid into the casing interior
while keeping sand and rock at the casing exterior. First, cable
tool knives were developed to make elongated gashes in the casing
wall; however, such gashed casing had limited use since the
openings would permit unrestricted flow of sand and shale into the
well bore. Also, if the cuts were placed close together they would
undesirably weaken the casing, oftentimes leading to early
collapse. Later, punches were developed to perforate casing in the
well, but were formed to make holes of too large size so that the
above problems remained. Still later, casing perforations were
produced by explosively shooting bullets (and later jetting
bullets) through the wall. The jet gun became widely used, and many
oil producers accordingly altered their well completion methods, as
by first setting pipe through the producing zone and then jet gun
perforating the casing for production. Only after a number of years
passed did the industry come to realize that severe damage to the
casing oftentimes resulted from such perforating methods. For
example, it was found that bullet formed holes were often too
large; and if a sufficient number of such holes were made in an
attempt to realize desired drainage of fluid into the casing, the
casing tended to become weakened and plugged by entering sand and
shale.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is a major object of the invention to provide method and
apparatus for perforating well casing in a manner as will obviate
the above described difficulties and problems. Additionally the
invention is directed to the use of fluid pressure within a pipe in
a bore hole to effect application, via a tool supported by the pipe
of force calculated to controllably deform structure surrounding
the tool.
In its method aspects, the invention is directed to the use of such
a tool that comprises a pressure responsive actuator having a
laterally displaceable plunger and means to control fluid pressure
application to the actuator, and involves steps that include
displacing the tool lengthwise of the bore hole to a selected
location by running of the string; and, transmitting fluid pressure
within the string and operating the control means to apply fluid
pressure to the actuator thereby to effect displacement of the
plunger laterally toward the outer structure and deformation of
such structure to which deforming force is transmitted via the
plunger.
As will be seen, a pre-perforated body, referred to as a flow bean,
may be carried by the tool to be outwardly displaced by the plunger
so as to penetrate into the structure, the latter typically
comprising well casing through the wall of which the flow beam
penetrates with sealing action. In this regard, one such bean is
described in my copending application Ser. No. 47,957 for U. S.
Letters Patent. Additional flow beans may be pressure inserted
through the casing wall at selected locations, all without undue
weakening of the wall since the beans become structurally
integrated with the wall. Also, pre-perforation of the beans to
desired and controlled hole size assures that sand and shale will
not unduly enter the casing.
Another aspect of the method involves the carriage of a cutter to
be outwardly displaced by the tool plunger so as to cut surrounding
pipe at multiple radial locations, the tool being rotatably indexed
between such radial locations at each of which the cutter is
outwardly advanced and retracted so that the outer pipe may be
completely removed. Instead of a cutter, a swage may be urged
outwardly at each of such radial locations to progressively
outwardly deform an inner surrounding pipe into annular sealing
engagement with an outer surrounding pipe, in the well or bore
hole. Still further, a punch may be operated in this manner to form
multiple punched out perforations in the surrounding pipe.
Additional steps of the method may, with unusual advantage, include
the operation of a fluid pressure control valve in the bore hole by
displacing the string relative to the actuator, to control fluid
pressure transmission to the actuator in actuating and release
modes; and the setting of slip means carried by the pipe string to
engage the well bore thereby to enable such string displacement
relative to the actuator.
In its apparatus aspects the invention is directed to the provision
of a tool sized for lengthwise running in the bore hole on a pipe
string and to the selected location, the tool including an actuator
as described above; together with means to control application to
the actuator of sufficient fluid pressure transmitted within the
string to effect plunger displacement laterally toward the outer
structure and deformation of that structure to which deforming
force is transmitted. Such deformation may be effected by a flow
bean, or a cutter, swage, punch or other body, as described above.
Also, a magazine may be carried by the tool to sequentially supply
flow beans for controlled outward displacement by the plunger, as
will be seen.
Additionally, the fluid pressure control means may with unusual
advantage include a valve carried by the tool to be operated in
response to displacement of the string relative to the actuator to
control fluid pressure transmission to the actuator. That valve may
typically comprise inner and outer sleeve members with ports
movable into and out of registration in response to endwise
displacement of the string to control fluid pressure transmission
to the actuator in plunger advancing and retracting modes.
Finally, well bore engaging slip means may typically be carried by
the string to be set in the well bore for enabling the described
displacement of the string relative to the actuator. Such slips may
with unusual advantage be fluid pressure responsive and in
communication with pressurized fluid in the actuator.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention, as well as
the details of an illustrative embodiment, will be more fully
understood from the following specification and drawings, in
which:
DRAWING DESCRIPTION
FIGS. 1a and 1b show a tool embodying the invention in vertical
section, and as run in a well;
FIG. 2 is a view like FIG. 1a showing the tool in operation to set
a flow bean;
FIG. 3 is a horizontal section taken on line 3--3 of FIG. 1a;
FIG. 4 is a horizontal section taken on line 4--4 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged horizontal section taken on line 5--5 of FIG.
1a;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged horizontal section taken on line 6--6 of FIG.
1b;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary vertical side elevation taken on line 7--7
of FIG. 1a;
FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 are schematic views showing coordination of
valve, slip and actuator operation;
FIG. 11 is a fragmentary vertical section showing the tool in
operation to locally deform an inner pipe toward an outer pipe;
FIG. 12 is a perspective showing of a beading ram to be operated by
the tool;
FIG. 13 is a perspective showing of a cut-off pause to be operated
by the tool; and
FIG. 14 is a perspective showing of a hole punch to be operated by
the tool .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In FIGS. 1a and 1b, apparatus for applying laterally directed
deformation force to structure at selected location in a
longitudinal bore hole 10 typically comprises a tool 11 sized to be
run lengthwise in the bore hole and on a pipe string 12. The hole
may, for example, be formed by casing 13 set in a well 14 from
which petroleum or natural gas is to be produced. Generally
speaking, the tool includes a fluid pressure responsive actuator,
as for example may comprise a piston 15 slidable in lateral bore 16
formed by body 17, the actuator having a laterally displaceable
plunger as at 18. In this regard, means is provided to control
application to the actuator of sufficient fluid pressure
transmitted within the string to effect displacement of the plunger
laterally toward the structure outwardly of the tool and
deformation of such structure to which deforming force is
transmitted via the plunger.
In the illustrated example, the tubular string 12 integrally
suspends a tubular mandrel 20 received in bore 21 of sleeve 22
connected with a tubular sleeve member 23. The latter slidably
receives another tubular member 24, the lower end of which is
integral with an upper terminal cap 25 on body 17. Mandrel includes
flanges 26 and 27 having ring seals 28 and 29 engaging bore 21;
also, the mandrel is vertically movable relative to sleeve 22
between an up-position as shown (wherein upper flange 26 engages
shoulder 31 on member 22), and down-position (wherein lower flange
27 engages stop ring 30 retained between members 22-23).
Outer tubular member 23 is vertically movable or slidable relative
to concentric inner tubular member 24 between an up-position as
shown (in which stop shoulder 33 on member 23 engages stop ring 34)
and a down-position (in which the lower terminal 35 of member 23
engages the upper face 36 of plate 25). Relative rotation of
members 23 and 24 is blocked by guiding of a washer 36 (retained on
member 24 as by pin 37) in a vertical slot 38 cut in sleeve member
23. Stop ring 34 may be retained in position by the flange 39 of a
concentric tubular retainer 40 attached as at 41 to member 23.
Fluid pressure (for example water or petroleum) applied as at 44
from a surface source 42 via valve 43 and to the tubular string 12
is conducted via passages 45-48 as shown to the passages 49 and 50
in the plate 25 and body 17. In this regard, such pressure may
typically be conducted via passage 51 (in lower plate 52) to means
generally indicated at 53 for anchoring the tool or body in the
bore hole, in order to effect and maintain such anchoring. Means 53
may advantageously include slips in the forms of pressure
responsive buttons 54 carried in housing 55 to move laterally
outwardly for effecting gripping engagement of the button jaws or
serrations 56 with the casing bore wall 57a. Anchor means 53 is
shown to include a tubular stem 57 defining a passage 58 to conduct
fluid pressure to the slips, and the stem also being attached to
plate 52 and to the slip housing 55 via coupling 59. Accordingly,
sufficient fluid pressure transmission from the surface serves to
effect anchoring of the tool at a selected location lengthwise of
the bore hole. Following such anchoring, the actuator piston 15 and
plunger 18 may be displaced laterally, for working purposes to be
described. Further, such displacement may be controllably initiated
as by displacing the string 12 relative to the actuator and body 17
following setting of the slips, and while fluid pressure is
applied.
In the example shown, the means to control application of pressure
to effect lateral displacement of the plunger may advantageously
include a valve carried by the tool to be operated in response to
displacement of the string relative to the actuator. For example,
the valve may, with unusual advantage as respects operative
simplicity, be defined by the inner and outer tubular members 24
and 23 which typically have ports relatively movable into and out
of registration in response to string displacement to control fluid
pressure transmission to the actuator. Referring to FIGS. 1a and 3,
when the tool is being run into the well, as seen in FIG. 1a, fluid
pressure in passage 48 in member 24 is applied via registered ports
60 and 61 (in members 24 and 23, respectively) passage 62 in member
23, registered ports 63 and 64 (in members 23 and 24,
respectively), longitudinal passage 65 in member 24, and passages
66 and 67 in plate 25 and body 17 to the pressure chamber 68
defined by body bore 16 at the left side of piston 15, for urging
the latter to rightwardly retracted position as shown.
When the tool is set in the well and string 12 is lowered
sufficiently to allow or effect endwise collapse of the members 23
and 24 to FIG. 2 position, fluid pressure in passage 48 in member
24 is again applied via registered ports 60 and 61 to passage 62.
On the other hand, due to the lengthwise relative shifting of
members 23 and 24, and as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, pressure is now
supplied via passage 62, registered ports 70 and 71, (in members 23
and 24 respectively), longitudinal passage 72 in member 24, and
passages 73 and 74 in plate 25 and passage 75 in body 17 to the
pressure chamber 76 defined by body bore 16 at the right side of
piston 15, for forcibly urging the latter and plunger 18 to
leftwardly advanced position as shown. In this regard, as the
pressure is increased, both the slips 54 and the plunger 18 are
urged toward the well bore. When the string 12 is pulled up
sufficiently, the valving returns to the condition shown in FIG.
1a, wherein the plunger is retracted; also, the slip jaws are
angled so that the anchor may be pulled free of the casing despite
continued application of fluid pressure via the string interior.
Surface apparatus to lower and lift the string 12 in the well is
schematically shown at 80 in FIG. 1a.
Suitable O-ring seals to seal off between members 23 and 24 are
indicated at 81-85. O-ring seals at 86 and 87 seal off between the
plunger 18 and a plate 88 threadably connected at 89 into body 17
to close the opening formed upon drilling of bore 16. Passage 62
may be formed between member 23 and a sector plate 90 attached
thereto as shown in the drawings. Note that port 61 may be
lengthwise elongated to remain in communication with port 60
despite member shifting; that ports 70 and 71 may be angularly
offset as shown from ports 60 and 61; and that ports 63 and 64 may
be oppositely angularly offset from ports 60 and 61, as shown.
Accordingly, ports 70 and 71 are out of registration in FIG. 3, and
ports 63 and 64 are out of registration in FIG. 4. Caps or plates
25 and 52 may be retained in assembled relation to body 17 as by
fasteners 95 best seen in FIG. 5.
An important aspect of the invention concerns the carriage of so
called flow beans on the tool, and the use of the latter to effect
forcible penetration of such flow beans into the well structure (as
for example the casing) in an outward direction. Example of such
flow beans or "projections" are described in my co-pending
application Ser. No. 47,957, filed June 22, 1970. In the present
application, a magazine 99 is carried by the tool 11 to
sequentially supply flow beans 100 for outward displacement by
plunger 18. FIG. 1a shows the lowermost bean 100a in a stack in
position opposite plunger 18, and in FIG. 2 that bean 100a has been
displaced laterally by the plunger through the wall of casing 13 at
location 98 to penetrate the surrounding petroleum or gas producing
formation 101. In that position, production fluid may flow through
branch ports 102 toward central port 103 (seen in FIG. 5) in the
flow bean to communicate the surrounding formation with the casing
interior. Accordingly, the casing wall itself is not subjected to
particle cutting action; instead, the hardened metallic flow bean
is subjected to the abrading action of sand particles.
Multiple flow beans may be selectively punched through the wall of
the casing, as by repeated vertical and rotary displacement of tool
11 and operation thereof as described, contributing to increased
production flow into the casing. Should the beans become clogged,
others may easily be installed; and, should any bean wear away by
abrasion, the in-flow may continue through the perforation in the
casing. As each bean is punched into position and the plunger 18
retracted, a successive bean in the stack drops into position as
seen in FIG. 1a, by gravity action. The magazine may be formed as
illustrated in FIGS. 1a and 5 by plates 105 and 106 attached at 110
to the tool and forming a vertical slot 107 for the bean stack.
Bottom wall 108 seats the lowermost bean 100a, and each bean may
have a tapered or wedge shaped nose, shown at 109 in FIGS. 5 and 7,
for aiding penetration through the casing and into the producing
formation.
Fluid pressure application against piston 15 may be controlled to
effect piston displacement between FIG. 1a and 2 positions, and a
sudden dip in that pressure, corresponding to such displacement,
may be sensed by a gage seen at 111 in FIG. 1a, to indicate that
the bean has been "set". The tool may then be lifted or rotated
into position for setting a subsequent bean. Ultimately, the tool
may be withdrawn from the well and production fluid recovered from
the casing in a conventional manner. An extremely tight fit is
formed between the bean and the casing at the penetration location.
If desired, the innermost end of each bean may be flanged as
described in my copending application referred to above.
FIGS. 8-10 illustrate, schematically, the sequence of operations,
using the tool. As the latter is lowered in a well, the top hole
valve 43 is closed, the slips 54 are retracted relative to casing
13, the sleeve member 23 is in up-position, and the piston 15 and
plunger 18 are retracted, pursuant to FIG. 8. At selected
elevation, the top hole valve 43 is opened, as seen in FIG. 9, and
the slips 54 are set, engaging the casing. While sleeve member 23
remains up, fluid pressure is not only exerted at 120 against the
slips, but is also applied at 121 and 122 to chamber 68 for holding
piston 15 retracted. In FIG. 10, string weight has been let down to
shift valve member 23 to down-position; accordingly, fluid pressure
is now applied at 121 and 123 to chamber 76 to urge the piston 15
and plunger 18 laterally as shown being punched through the casing
13. To reset the tool, top hole valve 43 is closed, string weight
lifted, and the slips released to FIG. 8 position. For this
purpose, the slips may be returned as by springs, not shown. The
tool may then be re-oriented (lifted, lowered, and/or rotatably
indexed) for a subsequent operation. In FIG. 9, fluid in chamber 76
is dumped at 115 to the well interior, outside the tool, and in
FIG. 10 fluid in chamber 68 is dumped at 116 to the well interior.
This also occurs in the FIG. 1 and 2 example, passage 72 being
connected to the exterior when passage 65 is pressurized, and vice
versa.
In regard to string weight "let down" with respect to the FIG. 1
and 2 tool, the lowering of the mandrel 20 at the lower end of the
string after the slips are set allows the outer sleeve member 23 to
drop relative to the inner sleeve member 24, i.e. from FIG. 1a to
FIG. 2 position without imposing string weight on the slips.
FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate the use of a pipe beading or swaging ram
130 carried to be outwardly displaced by the plunger 18 against an
inner pipe 131. Fluid pressure exerted against piston 15 is
controlled to effect local swaging or beading of the inner pipe at
131a outwardly against the bore 132 of outer pipe 133 which
recesses the inner pipe in the bore hole. Annular swaging to join
or annularly forcibly contact the inner and outer pipes deep in the
well or bore hole may be effected by repeating such outward
displacement of the swage at circularly spaced locations between
which the tool is rotatably indexed and operated. This procedure
may be used to effect formation of a tight annular seal between
overlapping casings, obviating need for cementing off between such
casings deep in the hole. Such cementing oftentimes is ineffective
to arrest leakage between the casings, especially where the casings
extend at a considerable angle from vertical.
FIG. 13 illustrates a punch 140 which may be substituted for the
ram in FIG. 11, i.e. to be carried for outward displacement against
a pipe for perforating the latter. FIG. 14 shows a cutter 145 which
may also be substituted for the FIG. 11 ram. The cutter may be
repeatedly displaced to cut through the pipe at circularly spaced
locations between which the cutter is rotated and operated by the
tool. The cutter is retracted at each such location following
penetration through the pipe, and then rotatably indexed to the
next circular position for a subsequent cutting operation. In this
way, sub-surface pipe may be completely severed at a chosen
location.
* * * * *