U.S. patent number 3,715,156 [Application Number 05/126,779] was granted by the patent office on 1973-02-06 for imaging device having a pivoting pressure pad for engaging and disengaging a web medium.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Varian Associates. Invention is credited to Raymond L. Levy.
United States Patent |
3,715,156 |
Levy |
February 6, 1973 |
IMAGING DEVICE HAVING A PIVOTING PRESSURE PAD FOR ENGAGING AND
DISENGAGING A WEB MEDIUM
Abstract
The recording web in an electrophotographic apparatus is pressed
into engagement with the photoconductive plate by a flexible,
resilient, pivoting pressure pad. Due to the positioning of the
axis of the pressure pad with respect to the plane of the
photoconductive plate, the end of the pressure pad closest to the
pivot axis initially contact the web. The area of engagement then
increases as the pressure pad is further pivoted against the plate.
This progressive engagement action smooths out wrinkles in the web
and squeeges or displaces air from between the web and the plate.
After full engagement is established, an exposure-imaging cycle is
initiated which causes a charge image to be formed on the web. The
charge image establishes electrostatic forces which further engage
the web to the photoconductive plate. After exposure, the web is
disengaged from the plate by pivoting the pressure pad away from
the plate. The web is peeled off of the surface of the plate during
this disengagement causing the area of engagement to progressively
decrease as the pressure pad is pivoted. The pivoting-peeling
action requires less disengagement force to overcome the
electrostatic engagement force than would be required if the web
were disengaged over the entire area of engagement simultaneously.
Further minimization of the disengagement force is obtained because
the force of disengagement established by the pivoting pressure pad
is applied generally perpendicular to the plane of the web-plate
engagement. The present minimal disengagement forces remain
uniformly minimal throughout the disengagement cycle. Timers and
limit switches are employed to automate the pressure pad pivoting,
exposure-charge cycle, and web transport cycle.
Inventors: |
Levy; Raymond L. (Palo Alto,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Varian Associates (Palo Alto,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
22426612 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/126,779 |
Filed: |
March 22, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
399/136; 355/99;
355/113 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
15/18 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
15/18 (20060101); G03g 015/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;355/3,12,14,16,91,93,97,99,118,120,128,129,130,131 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Matthews; Samuel S.
Assistant Examiner: Sheer; Richard M.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An electrophotographic recording device employing a recording
medium which is periodically engaged and disengaged from a
recording structure, the combination comprising:
a transparent plate for displaying an image of an original to be
copied;
a resilient flexible pressure pad having a generally planar surface
pivotally mounted with respect to the transparent plate for
engaging and disengaging a recording medium in an area between the
plate and the pad, said pressure pad being pivotal about an axis
located outside of said area of engagement and in a plane other
than the plane of the area of engagement for causing the pressure
pad when pivoted to initially engage said plate with a recording
medium therebetween at a portion thereof close to the pivot axis
and for causing the area of engagement to gradually increase as the
pivoting of said pad is increased and to extend toward a portion of
the pressure pad remote from the pivot axis, and upon disengagement
of the pad from said plate with a recording medium therebetween the
pivoting relationship causes the area of engagement to gradually
decrease toward the portion of the pressure pad close to the pivot
axis;
recording medium holding means affixed to the pressure pad at the
end thereof remote from the initially engaged portion between a
recording medium and the plate and the pressure pad for retaining a
recording medium during disengagement causing a recording medium to
peel away from the plate as the area of engagement decreases;
and
means for causing the pressure pad to pivot with respect to the
transparent plate.
2. The device as specified in claim 1 employing a dielectric coated
recording medium, wherein:
a photoconductive layer is provided on the transparent plate
adjacent to a recording medium;
an electrode means is provided between the photoconductive layer
and the transparent plate;
the pressure pad is electrically conductive;
a voltage source is provided for establishing an electric field
between the electrode means and the pressure pad which passes
through the photoconductive layer and a dielectric coated recording
medium; and
an imaging means is provided to illuminate the photoconductive
layer with an image which results in a corresponding charge image
on a dielectric coated recording medium.
3. The device as specified in claim 2, wherein a dielectric coated
recording medium is normally slightly spaced from the
photoconductive layer and is forced into engagement therewith by
the pivoting action of the pressure pad.
4. The device as specified in claim 3, wherein drive means are
provided for pulling a recording medium into a position slightly
spaced from the photoconductive layer; and
switching means are provided responsive to the pivoting of the
pressure pad for automating the positioning and engagement of a
recording medium and activation of the imaging means.
5. The device as specified in claim 2, wherein the electric field
is maintained between the electrode means and the pressure pad
during the imaging process and the subsequent disengagement of the
pad from the plate with the recording medium therebetween
6. The device as specified in claim 2, wherein the pressure pad is
bowed across the dimension thereof which is perpendicular to the
direction of increasing and decreasing engagement area.
7. The device as specified in claim 2, wherein a hinged top housing
is provided containing the pressure pad and the means for pivoting
the pressure pad are mounted in the housing in a position over the
photoconductive layer.
8. The device as specified in claim 7, wherein the hinged top
housing pivots on the same axis as the pressure pad.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to web handling devices and more
particularly to such devices which engage and disengage the web
against an imaging surface .
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Heretofore, a crowned flexible pressure pad has been employed in
electrophotographic recorders (U. S. Pat. No. 3,510,217). The
crowned pad was mounted parallel to the photoconductive plate and
the web-plate engagement was initiated at the center of the crown
and extended toward the edges thereof smoothing out the web and
pushing air out past the edges of the plate.
In U. S. application Ser. No. 7,653, filed Feb. 2, 1970, entitled
"Electroduplication Apparatus Employing A Conductive Porous Elastic
Pressure Pad For Pressing The Recording Medium Against the
Photoconductor", and assigned to the present assignee, a flat
porous pressure pad was employed to engage the entire area of the
plate simultaneously. The porousity of the pad permitted air
between the pad and web to escape through the pad.
Neither of the above prior art structures disclose the present
pivoting-peeling technique for removing the charged web from the
oppositely charged plate. The charge image electrostatic forces
held the web in engagement with the plate. A large web drive motor
was required to overcome this web holding electrostatic field.
Frequently, the electrostatic holding forces caused the web to tear
or to slip with respect to the drive rollers which destroyed the
registration between the charge image and the web cutting
mechanism. The web drive forces moved the web laterally with
respect to the plate, which in the initial stages of disengagement
caused abrasion of the photoconductive surface by the relatively
rough dielectric surface of the web.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of this invention to: provide a
web-handling device for engaging a web between an imaging surface
and a pressure pad in which the area of engagement is progressively
increased to smooth out the web and prevent air pockets from
developing; provide a web-handling device for engaging and
disengaging a web from between an imaging surface and a pressure
pad in which the area of engagement gradually decreases in order to
reduce the disengagement forces required; provide a web-handling
device for engaging and disengaging a web between a photoconductive
surface and a backup electrode in which the disengagement forces
are minimal and generally normal to the surface of engagement and
remain uniformly minimal throughout the disengagement cycle.
Briefly, these and other objects are achieved by providing an area
imaging device having a transparent member such as a plate for
displaying an area image, and a web for accommodating the area
image by recording or projecting the image. A resilient flexible
pressure pad is mounted proximate the transparent plate with the
recording web therebetween. The pressure pad and the plate are in
pivotal relationship about an axis off one end of the plane of
web-plate engagement for causing the pressure pad to initially
engage the web and the plate at the end thereof closest to the
pivoting axis. The area of engagement gradually increases and
extends towards the other end of the pressure pad. This pivoting
action and gradual expansion of the area of engagement smooths out
the web in the direction of increasing area and causes air to be
displaced from between the plate and the pad. Upon disengagement of
the web the area of engagement gradually decreases towards the axis
end of the pad. The web in effect is peeled away from the
transparent imaging surface to minimize the forces required to
disengage the web.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Further objects and advantages of the web-handling device and the
operation of the pivoting pressure pad will become apparent from
the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the
drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an isometric schematic view partly in section showing an
electrophotographic recorder system employing the pivoting pressure
pad;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the pivoting pressure pad and
the associated automation structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic end view of a bowed pressure pad embodiment;
and
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of an easy loading embodiment in which
the pressure pad and automation structure are mounted over the web
and electrophotographic plate.
Referring to FIG. 1 there is shown a photoconductive plate 10
mounted on a glass substrate 12 contained within a dark box 14. The
image to be copied 16 is projected onto plate 10 by an optical
imaging system depicted in FIG. 1 as light source 18. A web 20 from
supply reel 22 is pressed into mechanical and electrical engagement
with photoconductive plate 10 by pivoting assembly 24. A voltage
source 26 for applying a charging voltage serially across plate 10
and web 20, has one lead connected to a thin transparent electrode
28 sandwiched between glass substrate 12 and plate 10, and the
other lead connected to pivoting assembly 24 which is conductive. A
timer 30 controls the application of charging voltage 26 and the
exposure of image 16 by light source 18. Current flowing through
photoconductor 10 in response to this exposure causes a latent
charge image 32 (shown in dotted lines) which corresponds to image
16 to be formed on web 20. Web 20 is disengaged from photoconductor
10 by a peeling process explained more fully in connection with
FIG. 2. Web 20 is then moved to a toning station 34 by a pair of
opposed drive wheels 36 activated by a web transport motor 38 where
charge image 32 is developed to form visible image 40.
Referring to FIG. 2, the automatic cycling, web engaging, and image
exposing structure is shown with the pivoting assembly 24 pivoted
slightly to partially engaged web 20 against plate 10. At the
beginning of the cycle, pivoting assembly 24 is clear of plate 10,
and web drive motor 38 activates opposed drive rollers 36 to draw
fresh copy web into the exposure position directly beneath
photoconductor 10. A gear motor 50 is then energized to rotate
crank 52 and operate toggle linkage 54 in the expanding mode,
causing pivoting assembly 24 to pivot about axis 56 and swing
toward photoconductor 10. Pivoting assembly 24 includes a porous
resilient conductive flexible pressure pad 58 mounted on a
conductive backup electrode 60 which is mounted on pivoting frame
62. The pivoting action causes pressure pad 58 to initially engage
web 20 along leading edge 58a as shown in FIG. 2. As the area of
engagement expands across pressure pad 58 in the direction of arrow
59 toward lagging edge 58b, web 20 is smoothed out toward lagging
edge 58b preventing wrinkle formation. The air immediately above
web 20 and next to photoconductor 10 is displaced towards the
lagging edge 58b and towards the sides of pressure pad 58. The air
immediately under web 20 and next to pad 58 escapes through the
pores of pad 58. As the increasing area of engagement expands to
the full area of pad 58 and web 20 becomes fully engaged, toggle
linkage 54 approaches full toggle and activates an upper limit
switch 64 which stops gear motor 50 and triggers light source 18 to
initiate the web exposure-charging cycle. Also, as pivoting
assembly approaches full engagement, a pawl 70 contacts upper
striker plate 77 and is pushed into engagement with ratchet 72.
This engagement locks a pair of opposed guide rollers 66 and 68
preventing movement of web 20 after web 20 has become fully engaged
between pad 58 and plate 10 and the web ironing action is
complete.
After exposure period which is determined by timer 30, gear motor
50 is re-energized and operates toggle linkage 54 in the
contracting mode. Pivoting assembly 24 pivots away from
photoconductor 10 causing pad 58 to progressively disengage web 20
from photoconductor 10. Web 20 is peeled away from plate 10 along
the boundary of the progressively decreasing area of engagement.
The peeling action reduces the disengagement forces required to
break the electrostatic bond developed between web 20 and plate 10
during exposure and charging of web 20. Further minimization of the
disengagement force is effected by the generally perpendicular
disengagement motion between plate 10 and pad 58. Heretofore, the
web was disengaged by pulling the web laterally with respect to the
photoconductive plate. The entire area of engagement was overcome
at one time. Web 20 is held at lagging edge 58b during the peeling
disengagement by rotably locked opposed guide rollers 66 and 68.
Web 20 is held taunt at leading edge 58a by the gradually
decreasing web-plate engagement and further by opposed drive
rollers 36. As the disengagement is completed, toggle linkage 54
approaches full contraction and activates lower limit switch 74
which de-energizes gear motor 50 and activates web drive motor 38.
Meanwhile, the downward movement of pivoting assembly 24 has caused
pawl 70 to abutt striker plate 76 and become disengaged from
ratchet 72 to release web 20 from between guide rollers 66 and 68
allowing fresh web to be drawn into the exposure position by drive
motor 38. Drive motor 38 and gear motor 50 may be replaced by a
single motor with appropriate clutch mechanisms to drive the web
and pivot assembly 24.
The grey scale capabilities of the recorder may be enhanced if
during the web peeling action, voltage 26 is continuously applied
across plate 10 and web 20. The presence of this voltage adds to
the electrostatic holding force already present between plate 10
and web 20 due to the charge image 32. This added force of
engagement is readily overcome, however, by the peeling and
pivoting technique described above.
Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown a bowed embodiment of the
pivoting pressure pad 58. The pressure pad-backup electrode unit is
secured to pivoting frame 62 by a series of threaded studs 80a, 80b
and 80c. Spring spacers 82a, 82b and 82c and locking nuts 84a, 84b
and 84c mounted on each stud permit adjustment of the relative
position and alignment between pad 58 and frame 62. The bowed
condition shown in FIG. 3 is obtained by tightening lock nuts 84a
and 84c along both sides of frame 62. Web 20 is smoothed laterally
by this bowed configuration as pivoting assembly 24 swings into the
web engagement position. Additionally, air is squeezed laterally
out of the web engagement area as indicated by arrows 85 in FIG. 3.
FIG. 3 depicts the bowed pad and web partially engaged.
Lateral squeegeeing and smoothing may be accomplished with the
planar pressure pad of FIG. 1 by tilting the axis of pivot into a
nonparallel orientation with respect to the plane of photoconductor
10. The squeegeeing action in this tilted structures starts at the
corner of initial contact and spreads laterally across the web in
one direction in contrast to the bilateral squeegeeing and
smoothing of the FIG. 3 bowed embodiment. In both embodiments,
however, longitudinal squeegeeing and smoothing is provided by the
pivoting action described in relation to FIG. 2.
Referring to FIG. 4, pivoting assembly 24 and the associated
automation structure are shown mounted over plate 10 in a hinged
top housing 90. Housing 90 is shown raised away from plate 10 in
the web loading position. In the loading position, guide rollers 66
and 68 are separated and drive rollers 36 become spaced. Web 20
from a new supply roll 22 is easily loaded by pulling the web over
lower guide roller 68 and inserting the web between spaced drive
rollers 36. Housing 90 is then pushed downward into the closed or
operating position. Guide rollers 66 and 68 and drive rollers 36
become engaged and housing 90 is secured by frame latch 92. Housing
90 is preferably hinged on the same pivot axis 56 as pivoting
assembly 24. This assures that the same web engagement and
disengagement action occurs when housing 90 is opened as when
pivoting assembly 24 is pivoted.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the objects of
this invention have been achieved by providing a pivoting pressure
pad which smooths the web against the photoconductor. Bowed and
tilted modifications augment this smoothing action. Upon
disengagement, the pivoting pad peels the web away from the
photoconductor by moving generally normally away from the
photoconductor.
* * * * *