U.S. patent number 3,712,045 [Application Number 05/097,983] was granted by the patent office on 1973-01-23 for quartz crystal watch.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Kabushiki Kaisha Daini Seikosha. Invention is credited to Kazuo Ito.
United States Patent |
3,712,045 |
Ito |
January 23, 1973 |
QUARTZ CRYSTAL WATCH
Abstract
A quartz crystal watch comprising a quartz crystal oscillator
for generating relatively high frequency signals, a frequency
divider circuit for reducing and converting the frequency of the
oscillated signals from said oscillator to predetermined
frequencies of clock pulse, a pulse width converter for reducing
the pulse width of output pulse signals from said frequency divider
circuit, a motion transducer for converting the amplified output
signals from the amplifier pulse width converter to the
corresponding mechanical motions, and a gear train mechanism driven
by said mechanical motions, the gear action of said gear train
being made to follow the accurate time.
Inventors: |
Ito; Kazuo (Tokyo,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Kabushiki Kaisha Daini Seikosha
(Tokyo, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
11654095 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/097,983 |
Filed: |
December 14, 1970 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jan 28, 1970 [JA] |
|
|
45/7011 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
368/156;
331/116R; 331/163; 368/204; 968/490; 968/823; 327/173; 327/115 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G04F
5/06 (20130101); G04C 3/14 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G04F
5/06 (20060101); G04C 3/00 (20060101); G04C
3/14 (20060101); G04F 5/00 (20060101); G04c
003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;58/23R,23A,28H
;3/28,28B ;307/266 ;318/128,129,130,131,132 ;331/116M |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wilkinson; Richard B.
Assistant Examiner: Jackmon; Edith C. Simmons
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A quartz crystal watch comprising a quartz crystal oscillator
for generating relatively high frequency signals, a frequency
divider circuit for reducing and converting the frequency of the
oscillated signals from said oscillator to predetermined
frequencies of clock pulse, a pulse width converter for reducing
the pulse width of output pulse signals from said frequency divider
circuit to minimize power consumption in the operation of said
watch, an amplifier for amplifying the output pulse signals from
said pulse width converter, motion converter means including
driving coils to which said amplifier output signals are applied, a
pivotably mounted lever and magnetic circuit means coupling said
lever and driving coils for producing corresponding mechanical
motions in said lever in response to said amplifier output signals,
and a gear train mechanism driven by said mechanical motions, the
gear action of said gear train being made to follow the proper
time.
2. The quartz crystal watch according to claim 1, wherein said
quartz crystal oscillator includes a quartz crystal vibrator having
a relatively high natural frequency, and a temperature sensitive
capacitor for compensating temperature coefficient of said
vibrator.
3. The quartz crystal watch, according to claim 1, wherein said
quartz crystal oscillator includes a variable capacitor for
effecting a fine adjustment of oscillating frequency.
4. The quartz crystal watch, according to claim 1, wherein said
frequency divider circuit comprises a plurality of flip-flop
circuits cascade connected each other.
5. The quartz crystal watch, according to claim 1, wherein said
frequency divider circuit comprises a combination of astable
multivibrators and flip-flop circuits.
6. The quartz crystal watch according to claim 1, wherein said
motion converter means comprises driving coils symmetrically
provided in spaced relation, a pair of cores each having a bar-like
end inserted into said coils and a semicircular projection on the
other end, a bar-like permanent magnetic piece pivotally provided
at the center of a circular space formed by said semicircular
projections, and a lever having on each end a pallet jewel, said
lever being mounted for movement together with said permanent
magnetic piece, so that said gear train can be moved at the
prescribed rate pitch through said pallet jewels.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a quartz crystal watch and particularly
to a quartz crystal watch having a gear train driven in
synchronization with the clock pulse of one second cycle which can
be obtained by dividing the oscillating frequency from a quartz
crystal oscillator having a quartz crystal vibrator. It is known
that the oscillating frequency of a metal tuning fork can be
utilized as a time standard by converting the vibrations of the
tuning fork to a rotary motion by means of a ratchet mechanism, and
transferring the resultant rotary motion to a known gear train,
thereby working a watch to indicate the proper time. In respect of
time accuracy, however, it is desirable to employ a quartz crystal
vibrator rather than a metal tuning fork because the former is
superior in its oscillating frequency characteristics to the
latter. Furthermore, quartz crystal vibrator has other advantages
in that, generally speaking, the higher the oscillating frequency,
the more accurate and smaller in size. Such advantages make a
quartz crystal vibrator suitable for a wrist watch.
On the other hand, the said oscillating frequency signals are too
high for the said converter to follow, so that it is necessary to
provide a frequency divider circuit, thereby reducing the
oscillating frequency in such a degree that said motion converter
can easily follow the oscillating frequency. However, there is
another problem in that the provision of a frequency divider
circuit gives rise to an increased consumption of power, thus badly
reducing its usefulness for a wrist watch.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention overcomes the above-mentioned problems. It is one of
the objects of the present invention to provide a quartz crystal
watch in which the frequency of the oscillated signal from a quartz
crystal oscillator is converted through a divider circuit to a
frequency of a pulse signal which a converter can easily follow,
and in which the pulse width of said pulse signal is reduced
through a pulse width converter and the output pulse signal from
said pulse width converter is transmitted to the gear train through
the above-mentioned converter.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a quartz
crystal watch which requires such a small amount of power that an
electric cell can be satisfactorily used as a power source.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a quartz
crystal watch in which the driving coil of the converter is divided
into two parts to miniaturize the driving coil. According to the
present invention, there is provided a quartz crystal watch
comprising a quartz crystal oscillator for generating relatively
high frequency signals, a frequency divider circuit for reducing
and converting the frequency of the oscillated signals from said
oscillator to predetermined frequencies of clock pulse, a pulse
width converter for reducing the pulse width of output pulse
signals from said frequency divider circuit, a power amplifier for
amplifying the output pulse signals from the said frequency divider
circuit, a motion transducer for converting the output signals from
the amplifier to corresponding mechanical motions, and a gear train
mechanism driven by said mechanical motions, the gear action of
said gear train being made to indicate the proper time. The nature,
principle, and details of the invention will be best understood by
reference to the following description, taken in conjunction with
the accompanying drawings in which like parts are designated by
like reference numerals.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of a quartz
crystal watch according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows an example of circuit diagram of the quartz crystal
oscillator of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 illustrates an example of circuit diagram of the frequency
divider circuits of Gi. 1;
FIG. 4 represents an embodiment of circuit diagram of the pulse
width convertor of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 5A, 5B schematically show examples of input wave form and
output wave form respectively at the pulse width converter of FIG.
4;
FIG. 6 illustrates an example of circuit diagram of the power
amplifier of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 7 shows a plan view of the motion transducer of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
One of the embodiments of this invention will be hereinafter
explained with reference to the drawings.
In FIG. 1, showing a block diagram of a quartz crystal watch, 11
represents quartz crystal oscillator for emitting relatively high
frequency signals of high accuracy, and 12 the frequency divider
circuit for suitably reducing and converting the frequency of
oscillated signals from the quartz crystal oscillator 11 to the
clock pulse of predetermined frequency. The output clock pulse from
the frequency divider 12 is relatively large in its pulse width, so
that when transmitted as it is to the subsequent stage, a large
amount of power is consumed. Accordingly, it is preferred that the
output clock pulse width be reduced as much as possible by passing
it through the pulse width converter 13. The output pulse signals
emitted out of the pulse width converter 13 will then be passed to
power amplifier 14, and suitably amplified. The amplified signals
are then transmitted to the motion transducer 15 for converting the
signals to the corresponding mechanical motions. These mechanical
motions produced by the motion converter 15 are then transmitted to
the gear train 16, and accurate time can be obtained by the gear
action of the gear train 16. The circuit shown in FIG. 2
constitutes back coupling oscillators 11a wherein quartz crystal
vibration unit 21, having a natural frequency of e.g. 16,384 hz, is
employed and two n-p-n type transistors TR1 and TR2 are connected
to the vibration unit 21 with the vibration unit 21 being
positioned in between. In this instance the quartz crystal
vibration unit will maintain high accurate natural frequency under
the temperature in the range of 0.degree. to 50.degree. C. In a
temperature range higher than 50.degree. C, however, it is
difficult to obtain the high accurate natural frequency, and it is
preferred to connect a temperature sensitive capacitor C1 between
the vibration unit 21 and common emitter terminal 22 of said
oscillating circuit for compensation of any disorders and to
connect variable capacitor C2 in the same manner as the temperature
capacitor C1 for effecting a fine adjustment to the oscillating
frequency as shown in FIG. 2. The oscillating circuit 11a
constructed as above is experimentally found to be able to derive
oscillating frequency signals having an accuracy of more than
10.sup.-.sup.6 from the output terminal 23 under the temperature
ranging -30.degree. C to 80.degree. C.
FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of frequency divider 12a of
frequency divider 12 shown in FIG. 1. This frequency divider 12a is
provided with input terminal 31 in to which the oscillated
frequency signals derived from output terminal 23 of the oscillator
11a of FIG. 2 are added. The purpose of providing the frequency
divider 12a is to divide the oscillated frequency signals (16,384hz
in this instance) from the oscillator 11a, and converting them to a
clock pulse of 1 hz i.e., corresponding to one second cycle. For
example, the frequency divider 12a comprises two cascade connected
astable multivibrators 32a and 32b respectively performing a
quarter frequency division, and 10 flip-flop circuits 33a . . . 33j
cascade connected to the astable multivibrator 32b and each
performing a half frequency division.
The frequency divider 12a as constructed above, can derive output
pulse signals of 1/2.sup.14 frequency of the input signals to be
applied to the input terminal 31 in from the output terminal 31
out. Accordingly, when the frequency of oscillated signals to be
transmitted to the input terminal 31 in from the oscillating
circuit 11a is 16,384 hz, pulse signals of 16,384/2.sup.14 = 1 hz
can be derived from the output terminal 31 out of the frequency
divider 12a.
The pulse width of output signals derived from the above-mentioned
frequency divider is generally about one half of the repeating
cycle (one second in this instance) of the pulse as shown in FIG.
5A, so that when such wide pulse signals are employed for driving a
gear train mechanism, a large amount of power will be wasted, thus
making an electric cell undesirable as a power source for a wrist
watch.
FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of pulse width converter circuit
13 for eliminating as much as possible wasteful consumption of
power. Circuit 13 comprises a monostable multivibrator 13a provided
with a pair of n-p-n type transistors TR3 and TR4, and its input
terminal 41 in is positioned in such a manner that pulse signals as
shown in FIG. 5A is applied from output terminals 31 out of the
frequency divider 12a. The monostable multivibrator 13a makes it
possible to derive output signals having a pulse width determined
by the time constant which is the product of resistance of a
resistor R.sub.11 connected between the base transistor TR3 and +B
power terminal 42, and capacitance of capacitor C.sub.11 connected
between the collector of transistor TR3 and the base of transistor
TR4. With this construction, as shown in FIG. 5B, the pulse width
of output signals to be derived from the monostable multivibrator
13a can be prominently reduced (0.01 second in this instance) in
comparison to the input signals, such as shown in FIG. 5A, applied
to the input terminal 41 in from the frequency divider 12a, thus
reducing the power consumption.
FIG. 6 is an embodiment of power amplifier 14 of FIG. 1, comprising
a Darlington circuit 14a having a pair of n-p-n transistors TR5 and
TR6. The pulse signals, as shown in FIG. 5B, from the monostable
multivibrator 13a, are applied to the base input terminal of the
Darlington circuit 14a. Between the collector output terminal and
+B power terminal 42, driving coil L is connected for driving a
gear train mechanism. Diode D connected between the opposite ends
of the driving coil L operates to shunt the counter electromotive
force indiced in the driving coil L.
FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the motion transducer of FIG. 1,
wherein a pair of driving coils La and Lb, connected between the
collector output terminal of Darlington circuit 14a and +B power
terminal 42, are each wound around bar-shaped ends 64a and 64b of
respective cores 63a and 63b symmetrically positioned toward both
ends of and in parallel with the conductive substrate 61. At the
other ends of each core 63a and 63b there are formed semicircular
projections 62a and 62b in such a manner that these projections 62a
and 62b form an incomplete circular space between them as shown in
FIG. 7. At the center of the circular space there is pivotally
provided a bar-like permanent magnetic piece 66 in such a manner
that both ends thereof are normally positioned at the vicinity of
the approaching points of opposing projections 62a and 62b. On the
permanent magnetic piece 66, a lever 68 is provided having on both
its ends pallet jewels 67a and 67b, and pivotally fixed by the
center.
61a and 61b are the curved parts of the substrate 61 and engaged
magnetically with the outer ends 64a and 64b of the cores 63a and
63b respectively. When the one second cycle clock pulse as shown in
FIG. 5B is applied to the base input terminal of the Darlington
circuit 14a, the pulse signals are then transmitted to the driving
coils La and Lb and magnetize a pair of cores 63a and 63b, thereby
inducing a pair of magnetic poles comprising N-pole and S-pole as
shown in FIG. 7 at the facing ends of the semicircular projects 62a
and 62b. Thus the induced magnetic poles repel one end of the
permanent magnetic piece 66 and simultaneously attract the other
end thereof, thus effecting a predetermined rotary moment to the
permanent magnetic piece 66. As lever 68 is fixed to the permanent
magnetic piece 66, rotary motion of the piece 66 also provides the
rotary motion of the lever 68 in the same direction and amount as
those of piece 66. The rotary motion of lever 68, on the other
hand, provides the rotary motion of escapement wheel 161 of the
gear train by the engagement of one of the teeth of wheel 161 to
the pallet jewels secured to both ends of the lever 68, at the rate
of speed wherein one engagement effects a half pitch of movement in
the direction of the arrow 69.
When pulse signals go out, a pair of magnetic poles, once induced
at the projections 62a and 62b, disappear and the permanent
magnetic piece 66 returns to the stable status, i.e., both ends
thereof being positioned at the vicinity of the approaching point
of opposing projections 62a and 62b. As the piece 66 returns to the
stable status, another pallet jewel fixed on the other end of lever
68 pushes the escapement wheel 161 by a half pitch in the direction
of arrow 69, thereby making one second pulse cycle to conform with
time indication of one second by rotating escapement wheel 161 by
one tooth.
In the quartz crystal watch described above, any time errors that
might occur can be easily compensated by adjusting capacitance of
variable capacitor shown in FIG. 2.
The invention can be modified within the range which does not
constitute departure from the spirit and scope of the invention as
set forth in the appended claims.
* * * * *