U.S. patent number 3,710,096 [Application Number 05/205,579] was granted by the patent office on 1973-01-09 for adjustable support for light fixtures.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Esquire, Inc.. Invention is credited to Ralph M. McFarlin.
United States Patent |
3,710,096 |
McFarlin |
January 9, 1973 |
ADJUSTABLE SUPPORT FOR LIGHT FIXTURES
Abstract
A substantially L-shaped supporting member 31 is mounted in a
slot 67 in a light fixture. Both legs are wider than the slot.
Recess 71 which forms a web to connect the legs is slightly wider
than the thickness of the fixture wall. The web is narrower than
the slot. The support can be rotated 90.degree. when the nut 74 is
withdrawn from hole 68 at the end of the slot.
Inventors: |
McFarlin; Ralph M. (Pasadena,
TX) |
Assignee: |
Esquire, Inc. (New York,
NY)
|
Family
ID: |
22762776 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/205,579 |
Filed: |
December 7, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
26705 |
Apr 8, 1970 |
3652847 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
248/27.1;
248/207; 248/244; 248/222.51; 248/222.41; 248/225.11 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F21V
21/04 (20130101); F21V 21/145 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F21V
21/04 (20060101); F21V 21/02 (20060101); F21v
021/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;248/207,244,245,223
;240/67 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Matthews; Samuel S.
Assistant Examiner: Harris; Michael
Parent Case Text
This is a division of application Ser. No. 026705, filed Apr. 8,
1970 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,652,847.
Claims
I claim:
1. Apparatus for supporting a housing for a light fixture or the
like within a recess, wherein opposite walls of the housing each
has a slot therein and an enlarged hole at one end of the slot, a
substantially L-shaped supporting member for each slot, both legs
of the member being wider than the slot, and one of said legs being
thinner than the slot and having recesses in each side edge thereof
to provide a web at its end connected to the other leg, said
recesses being slightly wider than the wall thickness and said web
being slightly narrower than the slot, so that said one leg may be
passed edgewise through the slot from the inner side of the wall to
dispose said recesses within said slot and the support member
rotated 90.degree. and moved in a direction to cause the web to
slide longitudinally within the slot, a pin extending through the
other leg and being of smaller diameter than the slot for passage
therethrough, a head on the end of the pin which faces the wall
when the one leg has passed through the slot, said head being
larger than the slot but smaller than the hole at one end thereof,
so that after the one leg has been passed edgewise through the slot
and the support member has been turned 90.degree., said support
member can be moved in a direction toward the end of the slot to
dispose the head on the pin opposite the hole and the head may then
be turned through the hole, and a nut threaded onto the other end
of the pin for manipulation from said inner side of the wall to
tightly engage the other leg and wall between the nut and head on
the pin for locating the support member in a desired position
longitudinally of the slot.
Description
This invention relates generally to light fixtures. In one of its
novel aspects, it relates to improvements in recessed fixtures of
the type which are installed and/or relamped from outside the wall
in which the recess is formed, and thus beneath the ceiling in the
case of a recessed ceiling fixture. In another of its novel
aspects, it relates to improvements in devices for mounting
capacitors or like parts within a light fixture.
One advantage of recessed fixtures of this type is that they don't
require access from the inside of the wall, or above the ceiling,
where space is usually at a premium and relatively remote, during
installing or relamping. Normally, such a fixture includes a
housing which fits closely within the lower end of the recess and
is supported from the wall surrounding the recess in such a way
that its lower end may be adjusted toward or away from the open
lower end of the recess. A window over the lower end of the housing
and a trim plate spanning the open lower ends of the housing and
recess are removable from the housing in order to permit
relamping.
In prior fixtures of this type, a reflector on the side of the lamp
opposite the window has permitted access to various parts within
the fixture behind the reflector, such as wiring terminals,
ballasts, and capacitors, only from inside the wall, or above the
ceiling, where, as above mentioned, space is usually at a premium
and relatively remote. Also, the relatively close fit of the
housing within the lower end of the recess ordinarily requires that
it be supported from the wall by parts which may be manipulated
from within the housing. Heretofore, the means for providing this
support, especially in such a manner as to permit the lower end of
the housing to be adjusted toward and away from the open end of the
recess, has been awkward and cumbersome to manipulate, and in some
cases unsightly.
It is also desirable in fixtures of this type that the window and
trim plate be supported in such a way that they may be adjusted
toward and away from the open end of the recess, so as to
accommodate different wall thicknesses. The means for so supporting
the window and trim plate have also often been unsightly, and in
any event difficult to manipulate from outside the wall and thus
below the ceiling in the case of recessed ceiling fixtures.
An object of this invention is to provide a fixture of this general
type in which access may be had to various parts within the housing
of the fixture and behind the reflector from outside the wall, or
beneath the ceiling.
Another object is to provide such a fixture which may be installed
and supported from the wall by parts which are hidden from view
outside the wall, and which are easily and quickly manipulated from
outside the wall.
Still another object is to provide a simple and inexpensive device
for easily and quickly mounting various parts, such as capacitors,
in the fixtures.
These and other objects are accomplished, in accordance with the
illustrated embodiment of the invention, by a light fixture having
a housing with side walls and an open lower end for fitting
relatively closely within the lower end of the recess in a ceiling
or the like, and a reflector having an open lower end of a size for
passing closely through the open lower end of the housing. The
lower end of the reflector is releasably attached to the side walls
of the housing so as to support an electrical socket therein in
position to receive a lamp between the reflector and the lower end
of the housing. More particularly, the means for so attaching the
reflector to the housing is accessible from the beneath the
ceiling, whereby it may be manipulated to permit the reflector to
be moved downwardly through the open lower end of the housing, so
that access may be had from beneath the ceiling to a ballast and
other parts in the housing above the reflector.
The housing is supported from the recess in a manner to permit its
elevation to be adjusted relative to the recess in the ceiling, and
the means for attaching the reflector to the housing permits the
elevation of the reflector to be adjusted relative to the ceiling.
In this way, both the housing and reflector may be adjusted
relative to the lower side of the ceiling and to one another.
In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the reflector has a
frame about its lower end and a downwardly turned flange about the
frame for fitting closely within the housing above its open lower
end. The trim plate is L-shaped and has one leg fitting closely
within the downturned flange on the reflector frame and another leg
extending outwardly to cover the side walls of the housing and the
separation between the side walls and the lower end of the recess.
More particularly, both the reflector and the trim plate are
releasably attached to the housing by fasteners which extend
through the downturned flange and one leg and are accessible from
below the ceiling for attaching them to the side walls of the
housing.
The window has a frame which fits closely within the one leg of the
trim plate so as to close the window opening in the lower end of
the housing and conceal the fasteners attaching the reflector
flange and trim plate to the housing. More particularly, the window
is removably supported by extendible fasteners which suspend the
window frame from the reflector frame, and the window frame
includes a wall having a recess on its inner side to receive a pane
of glass and a flange on its outer side having an outer edge
fitting closely within the downturned flange. The extendible
fasteners are connected to the window frame within a space between
the reflector frame and flange on the window frame, so that they
are also concealed.
In accordance with another novel aspect of the present invention,
opposite side walls at the lower end of the housing have slots
therein and enlarged holes at one end of the slots for receiving
substantially L-shaped supporting members, one for each slot, to
support the housing within the recess in such a manner that it may
be adjusted toward and away from the lower end of the recess. More
particularly, the supporting members are so constructed as to
permit them to be installed and manipulated from within the housing
into positions in which they provide outwardly extending flanges
adapted to seat on the inner edges of the recess and to be moved
between different positions lengthwise of the slot.
In another novel aspect of the invention, one of the electrical
parts for the fixture, and particularly the capacitor therefor, is
mounted on a bracket which includes a base adapted to be attached
to a part of the fixture, and a plate to which the capacitor may be
releasably attached and releasably connected to the base in such a
manner as to permit removal and replacement of the capacitor with
respect to the base with a minimum of time and effort.
In the drawings, wherein like reference characters are used
throughout to designate like parts:
FIG. 1 is a view from below and to one side of the lower end of the
fixture installed within the ceiling, with a portion of the ceiling
being broken away for illustrative purposes;
FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the fixture of FIG. 1, on an
enlarged scale and as seen along broken line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is another vertical sectional view of the fixture, as seen
along broken line 3--3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of the lower edge
of the fixture;
FIG. 5 is a bottom plan view of the fixture, as seen along broken
line 5--5 of FIG. 3;
FIGS. 6 and 7 are side views of the fixture during steps
preparatory to its installation within the ceiling recess;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged perspective view of the device mounting a
capacitor on a wall of the fixture;
FIG. 9 is a side view of the device and capacitor shown in FIG. 8,
but with a plate of the device swung to a position above the base
thereof during a step in the installation or replacement of the
capacitor;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the L-shaped member for use in
supporting the fixture housing within the recess;
FIGS. 11, 12 and 13 are views of the supporting member and slot and
enlarged hole in a side wall of the housing during installation of
the member into supporting position with respect to the wall;
and
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the member secured in
supporting position with respect to the wall.
As can be seen from FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the over-all fixture, which
is indicated in its entirety by reference character 20, is
installed within a ceiling 21 having a recess with an open lower
end 22. Such an opening may be provided, for example, by removal of
a panel from a conventional grid type ceiling support. In any
event, the fixture 20 comprises a housing 23 having an open lower
end 24 which fits relatively closely within the ceiling opening 22
when the housing is supported from the ceiling, in a manner to be
described below.
As best shown in FIGS. 2, 5, 6 and 7, the lefthand side of the
housing is outwardly enlarged to provide space for a ballast B
mounted on a support 26 secured to the housing. The righthand side
of the fixture includes a separate compartment 27 which is mounted
on the righthand side of the housing 23 by a bracket 28. As best
shown in FIG. 2, and as will be described in more detail to follow,
a capacitor C is mounted on the bottom wall of compartment 27.
Also, wiring within the fixture housing 23 and the compartment 27
is connected through a conduit 29 connecting the righthand side of
the housing with a front side of the compartment 27.
The spacing of the compartment from the righthand side wall of the
housing 23 insulates the capacitor from the remainder of the
fixture, and thus maintains its temperature within permissible
ranges. Access to the interior of the compartment 27 may be had
through a removable door 30 on the righthand side thereof opposite
the righthand side of the housing 23.
The cross-sectional area of the entire fixture from one side to the
other thereof is at least somewhat smaller than the cross-sectional
area of the ceiling opening 22, whereby the entire fixture,
including the housing 23 and compartment 27, may be moved sideways
upwardly through the ceiling opening, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
Thuen, when the fixture has cleared the upper end of the ceiling
opening 22, it may be swung 90.degree., as indicated in FIG. 7, to
position its lower end 24 for lowering into supported position
within the ceiling opening 22.
The housing is supported in the ceiling recess by means of support
members 31 which, as shown in each of FIGS. 1 and 3, have portions
which extend outwardly from the side walls of the housing for
resting on a surface of the ceiling above the ceiling opening 22.
As will be described in detail to follow, the supporting members
are moved into the supporting position of FIGS. 1 and 3 only after
the fixture has been moved into the ceiling recess above the
opening 22, whereby they do not obstruct the free movement of the
fixture sidewise through the opening 22, as shown in FIG. 6. More
particularly, and as will also be described, the supporting members
are of such construction as to permit them to be moved into and
fixed in the supported positions of FIGS. 1 and 3 from within the
housing 23 and through the opening 22 of the ceiling recess,
thereby avoiding the need for manipulating them from above the
ceiling.
The reflector R of the fixture has an upper end 32 and side walls
33 which flare downwardly and outwardly to an open lower end. A
frame 34 about the open lower end of the reflector has a downturned
flange 35 which, as best shown in FIG. 4, fits closely within the
lower open end of the housing 23. An electrical socket 36 extends
through a side wall 33 of the reflector to receive a lamp L in
front of the reflector, and thus between its upper and lower ends.
The electrical socket 36 is supported on one side of the reflector
frame 34 by means of an arm 37 welded or otherwise secured at its
lower end to the reflector frame.
As best shown in FIG. 4, a trim plate T includes a lower laterally
extending portion 44 and a leg 45 extending upwardly from the inner
edge of the laterally extending portion 44 for abutment with the
lower side of the reflector frame 34 and fitting closely within the
downturned flange 35 of the frame. Thus, as will be apparent from
FIGS. 2 and 3, when the trim plate is in its supported position,
the laterally extending portion 44 thereof spans the flange 35 on
the reflector frame, the adjacent side wall of the lower end of the
housing, and the separation between the housing wall and the
opening 22 in the ceiling recess.
In this position, a hole through the upright leg 45 is aligned with
a hole through the reflector frame flange 35, which in turn are
aligned with a vertical slot 46 in the side wall of the lower end
of the housing. A captive nut 47 or the like is slidable
longitudinally within the slot 46 and has a hole therethrough
aligned with the holes through the flange 35 and leg 45. Thus, a
fastener 48 may be passed through the aligned holes and slots and
manipulated from below the fixture and ceiling to attach the
reflector and trim plate in supported positions, or, when desired,
detach them from the housing for removal through the open lower end
of the housing. More particularly, the captive nut 47 may be moved
longitudinally of the slot 46 to permit the reflector and trim
plate to be supported at a desired elevation with respect to the
lower open end of the housing, thereby accommodating for different
ceiling thicknesses.
A window W includes a pane 38 of translucent glass or other
light-diffusing material received within a frame 39 thereabout. As
best shown in FIG. 4, the frame includes a wall 40 having a recess
about its inner side to receive the edges of the pane 38, and a
flange 42 on its outer side having an upturned end for fitting
closely within the upturned leg 45 of the trim plate in the
supported position of the window (FIGS. 1, 2 and 5). As also shown
in FIG. 4, a gasket 43 is received within the recess 41 to sealably
surround the outer edge of the pane and also seal against the lower
side of the reflector frame 34 when the window is in supported
position, whereby the interior of the reflector is maintained
substantially dust-proof.
As will be apparent from FIG. 4, the flange 42 covers and thereby
conceals the fasteners 48 from view from beneath the fixture and
ceiling. Thus, the inner ends of the fasteners are within a space
defined between the frame 34 of the reflector and the flange 42 of
the window frame, and between the wall 40 of the window frame and
the upright leg 45 of the trim plate T. As shown in FIG. 4, the
lower end of a fastener 49 for removably supporting the window from
the reflector is also disposed within this space, and thus also
concealed from view from beneath the fixture.
As best shown in the drawings, these fasteners are vertically
extensible to permit the window to be moved downwardly from its
upper position across the open lower end of the reflector, to a
lower position beneath the lower end of the reflector and the trim
plate T, as shown in FIG. 3. In this latter position, the window
may be tilted to a position permitting access to the lamp L within
the reflector, or, if desired, removed entirely from beneath the
housing.
Thus, the illustrated fasteners include upwardly and outwardly
extending legs 50 which are urged outwardly against the opposite
ends of slots 53 in the reflector frame to the broken line position
of FIG. 2 by a torsion spring 51 at the lower juncture of the legs.
As best shown in FIG. 4, the torsion spring 51 surrounds a pin 52
which is removably received through the wall 40 and upturned end of
the flange 42 of the window frame 39. Thus, the fasteners will
suspend the window in its upper position until the window is pulled
downwardly with sufficient force to urge the legs inwardly, as
shown in FIG. 3. In this lower position, hooks 52 on the upper ends
of the legs 50 will engage the top side of the reflector frame and
thus resist further lowering. In the lowermost position of the
fastener, these hooks 52 are received in short slots 54 at each end
of the slot 53, so as to prevent accidental displacement of the
fastener from the reflector frame. Thus, to remove the fasteners
and the window from beneath the fixture, it's necessary to raise
the hooks and stress them inwardly for passing downwardly through
the slots 54.
From the foregoing, it will be apparent that when access is desired
to the interior of the housing above the reflector R so as to
replace the ballast B or otherwise repair or replace parts within
the housing above the reflector, the window W may be moved
downwardly to the position of FIG. 3 to permit access to the heads
on the inner ends of the fasteners 48. At this time, the fasteners
may be backed out so as to release both the reflector frame and the
trim plate from attachment to the side walls at the lower end of
the housing. This permits the reflector frame 34, and particularly
its downturned flange 35, to be moved downwardly through the lower
open end of the housing so as to remove the reflector from within
the housing. The trim plate of course will move downwardly with the
reflector inasmuch as the reflector frame 34 bears on the upper end
of the upturned leg 45 of the trim plate, as will the window W due
to its support from the reflector frame. In moving the reflector
frame downwardly through the open lower end of the housing, it may
be necessary to tilt the reflector somewhat to enable the arm 37 to
move past the lefthand side wall of the lower end of the
housing.
As best shown in FIG. 4, there are channels on the upper and lower
sides of the laterally extending portion 44 of the trim plate. A
thin decorative strip of flexible material may be bent across its
width for snapping into the lower channel. The upper channel may
receive the legs of right angle members which bridge the mitered
ends of the sides of the trim plate T for connecting them together
at their corners.
The device shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 for mounting the capacitor C
within the compartment 27, and designated in its entirety by
reference character 55, includes a base 56 adapted to be secured to
a wall of the compartment 27 by screws 57 or the like, and a plate
58 releasably connected to the base for disposal longitudinally
over the upper side of the base and adapted to support the
capacitor C on its upper side away from the base 56. Although the
capacitor may be releasably secured to the plate 58 in any suitable
manner, it is shown attached thereto in FIGS. 8 and 9 by means of a
strap 59 extending about it and a midportion of the plate 58.
The base 56 has a pair of longitudinally spaced-apart flanges 60
and 61 extending laterally across the upper side thereof. The
capacitor supporting plate 58 also has a pair of flanges 62 and 63
extending laterally across the lower side thereof, and thus toward
the upwardly extending flanges 60 and 61 of the base 56 when the
plate is over the base. More particularly, the inner sides of the
flanges 62 and 63 are spaced longitudinally of one another a
distance at least some-what greater than the longitudinal spacing
between the outer sides of the flanges 60 and 61, so that the lower
side of the plate 58 may be disposed longitudinally over the upper
side of the base 56 with its flanges 62 and 63 outwardly of the
flanges 60 and 61.
The adjacent flanges at one end of the base and plate are hingedly
connected to one another to permit the plate to be swung between
its position over the base, as shown in FIG. 8, and a tilted
position in which the flange 63 on its righthand end is raised
above the flange 61 on the righthand end of the base 56. More
particularly, the flange 62 of the plate has an inwardly extending
rib 64 which is partially round in cross section to fit closely
within an arcuate groove 64A along the outer side of the base
flange 60, whereby the plate is guided for swinging between the
positions of FIGS. 8 and 9. More particularly, the portion of the
rib 64 and groove 64A in which it fits is less than 180.degree. of
circular extent, whereby the rib is free to move into and out of
the groove in a direction transverse to the length thereof.
The flanges on the righthand ends of the base and plate are adapted
to be releasably connected together, when the plate is in position
over the base, so as to securely mount the capacitor C on the wall
to which the base 56 is secured. Thus, as shown, a screw 65 is
threadedly connected in a hole in the flange 61 of the base for
extension outwardly therefrom, and a central portion of the lower
edge of the flange 63 on the plate 58 is provided with a slot 66
for fitting over the threaded portion of the screw. Thus, in the
position of FIG. 9, or in another position in which the flange 63
on the plate 58 is above the flange 61, the rib 64 may be moved
into the groove 64A, and the screw 65 may be manipulated to move
the enlarged head on its outer end tightly against the outer end of
the slot 66, and thereby securely hold the flange 63 and thus the
plate 58 in place. On the other hand, the screw may be backed off
to permit the slot 66 to be moved upwardly away from the threaded
portion of the screw and the plate to be swung upwardly to the
position of FIG. 9, after which the rib 64 may be moved out and to
the left of the groove 64A to permit replacement and/or repair of
the capacitor.
As previously described, and as best shown in FIG. 1, the L-shaped
supporting members 31 are adapted to be installed on the housing 23
in such a manner as to provide outwardly extending portions for
resting upon upper surfaces about the inner edges of the ceiling
recess opening 22. For this purpose, the opposite side walls 24 of
the housing are provided with holes therein consisting of vertical
slots 67 having enlarged holes 68 at their upper ends, one such
opening being provided for each supporting member 31. Generally, it
is sufficient to provide two such supporting members, and thus two
such slots, at each of two opposite side walls of the housing.
As best shown in FIG. 10, the L-shaped supporting member 31 has
legs 69 and 70 arranged at right angles to one another and being
wider from one lateral edge to another than the slot 67. The leg 70
which is adapted to provide the outwardly extending supporting
portion of the member 31 is thinner from one side to the other of
the slot 67 to permit it to be passed through from the inner to the
outer side of the housing wall, as shown in FIG. 11. As a matter of
fact, the other leg 69 of the member 31 is of the same thickness,
so that the two legs may be made from a single sheet of
material.
The opposite side edges of the leg 70 have recesses 71 formed
therein to provide a web 72 at the end of the leg 70 connecting it
to the leg 69. These recesses are slightly wider than the thickness
of the side wall 24 of the housing, and the web 72 is slightly
narrower than the slot 67. Thus, as will be apparent from a
comparison of FIGS. 11 and 12, after the leg 70 has been moved
edgewise through the slot 67, the supporting member 31 may be
turned 90.degree. to cause the recesses 71 to move over the inner
edges of the slot 67, whereby the web 72 is located for sliding
longitudinally within the slot 67.
A pin 73 extends through the leg 69 of the support member 33 and is
of smaller diameter than the slot 67 to permit it to be moved
longitudinally therein. A head 74 on the end of the pin 73 adjacent
the wall 24, when the leg 70 is moved through the slot 67, as shown
in FIG. 11, is larger in diameter than the slot 67, but smaller
than the diameter of the enlarged hole 68 at the upper end of the
slot. Thus, after the leg 70 has been moved through the slot, as
shown in FIG. 11, and the support member rotated 90.degree., the
web 72 of the member may be moved upwardly through the slot 67 to a
level in which the head 74 in the pin 73 is opposite the inner side
of hole 68. At this time, the head 74 may be moved through the
hole, and the member 31 then moved back downwardly to cause the pin
73 to move longitudinally downwardly within the slot 67, as
indicated by a comparison of FIGS. 12 and 13, until the
horizontally disposed leg 70 is at a desired supporting level.
At this time, the supporting member is fixed in position vertically
with respect to the side wall of the housing by means of a wing nut
75 on the end of the pin 73 opposite the head 74. Thus, as will be
apparent from the drawings, the wing nut may be made up on the pin
so as to urge it against the leg 67, and thereby tightly engage the
leg 69 and wall 24 on opposite sides of the slot 67. On the other
hand, the nut need merely be backed off to permit vertical
adjustment of member 31 with respect to the housing.
It will thus be appreciated that the supporting member 31 can be
installed in supporting position from within the housing 24.
Conversely, of course, it may be removed from installed position
from within the housing 24 by a reversal of the above-described
procedure. Summarizing, in order to install the member 31, it is
first turned to the position shown in FIG. 11, and the leg 70 is
moved through the slot 67 from the inner side of the wall 24 within
the housing to the outer side thereof. When the leg has moved
outwardly as far as possible, the recesses 71 are opposite the side
edges of the slot 67, so that the member may be swung 90.degree. to
dispose the leg 70 in a horizontal position. At this time, the
member is moved upwardly to permit the head 74 and pin 73 to be
moved through the hole 68, whereby the entire member may then be
moved downwardly so as to permit it to be fixed in the desired
vertical position.
As shown, there is a hole 76 in the leg 70, through which nails,
screws, or the like may be passed for securing the leg to the upper
supporting surface within the ceiling.
From the foregoing, it will be seen that this invention is one well
adapted to attain all of the ends and objects hereinabove set
forth, together with other advantages which are obvious and which
are inherent to the apparatus.
It will be understood that certain features and subcombinations are
of utility and may be employed without reference to other features
and subcombinations. This is contemplated by and is within the
scope of the claims.
As many possible embodiments may be made of the invention without
departing from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that all
matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to
be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
* * * * *