U.S. patent number 3,708,798 [Application Number 05/211,232] was granted by the patent office on 1973-01-02 for ink distribution for non-impact printing recorder.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Business Machines Corporation. Invention is credited to Walter W. Hildenbrand, Wilbur J. Levine, Stanley A. Manning, Karl F. Stroms.
United States Patent |
3,708,798 |
Hildenbrand , et
al. |
January 2, 1973 |
INK DISTRIBUTION FOR NON-IMPACT PRINTING RECORDER
Abstract
A collapsible ink bag supplies ink at constant pressure through
a manifold containing an air bubble trap, capable of venting, which
manifold is connected in common to plural lines to a multiple
orifice -- multiple transducer fluid wave printing head of a
recorder. Constant static pressure in the ink supply is provided to
avoid inadvertent ejection of ink through orifices of the nozzles.
The manifold contains an air bubble and the manifold inlet line has
a sufficiently low resistance to flow. Its source of ink supply is
free to expand and contract, and the hydraulic resistance to fluid
flow in the lines to the head is sufficiently high to eliminate
cross talk of waves between separate orifices. Alternatively, a
built in reservoir in the head has a single low resistance
connection to the source of ink supply and high resistance lines
connect it to the orifices.
Inventors: |
Hildenbrand; Walter W.
(Brewster, NY), Levine; Wilbur J. (Poughkeepsie, NY),
Manning; Stanley A. (Yorktown Heights, NY), Stroms; Karl
F. (Wappinger Falls, NY) |
Assignee: |
International Business Machines
Corporation (Armonk, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
22786070 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/211,232 |
Filed: |
December 23, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
347/86;
347/92 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41J
2/175 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
2/175 (20060101); G01d 015/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;346/75,140 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hartary; Joseph W.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A multiple orifice, multiple transducer, fluid wave ink ejection
recorder including
a printing head with a plurality of tapered printing cavities,
each of said cavities having an orifice at the smaller end and a
diaphragm actuator at the opposite end,
a reservoir of ink,
said reservoir being connected to each of said orifices by a
passageway having a small diameter and a high impedance to fluid
waves, said reservoir including means for maintaining substantially
constant fluid pressure in response to transmission of fluid waves
through said passageways.
2. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said reservoir is
connected to a substantially constant pressure source of ink.
3. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said means for
maintaining substantially constant fluid pressure comprises a
bubble chamber providing an air trap for absorbing pressure waves
to reduce pressure fluctuations.
4. A multiple orifice, multiple transducer, fluid wave ink ejection
recorder including
a source of ink at a substantially constant pressure,
a reservoir of ink connected to said source of ink and including an
air chamber providing pneumatic pressure regulation,
a writing head including a plurality of piezoelectric transducers
secured to diaphragms, a plurality of tapered orifices having a
said diaphragm at one end and at the opposite end having a nozzle
for writing,
said head including a plurality of high fluid-impedance passageways
each connected at one end to one of said orifices and coupled at
the opposite end to said reservoir whereby cross talk of waves
between orifices is substantially eliminated.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to recorders and more particularly to
markers having an ink supply to the markers. More particularly this
invention relates to provision of a common ink supply for plural
fluid wave markers with tapered cavities leading to their
nozzles.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Prior matrix printers employing fluid pressure or shock waves to
eject ink from selected ones of plural orifices in response to
mechanical vibration of a diaphragm have employed central sources
of ink with transducers located within the ink supply reservoir and
with the orifices formed in the upper wall of the reservoir.
Ejection of ink from a selected orifice is accomplished by
placement of a transducer closely aligned with the corresponding
orifice. Alternatively a separate ink supply is provided for a
single orifice.
Patents considered include Hansell, U.S. Pat. No. 2,512,743; Welsh,
U.S. Pat. No. 3,177,800; Naiman, U.S. Pat. No. 3,179,042; and
Naiman, U.S. Pat. No. 3,211,088.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with this invention, a multiple orifice, fluid wave
ink ejection recorder is provided. A printing head contains a
plurality of tapered printing cavities. Each cavity has an orifice
at the small end and a diaphragm actuator at the opposite end. A
reservoir of ink is connected to each of said orifices by a
passageway having a small diameter and a high impedance to fluid
waves. The reservoir includes means for maintaining substantially
constant fluid pressure in response to transmission of fluid waves
through the passageways.
Preferably, the reservoir is connected to a substantially constant
pressure source of ink.
Further, the means for maintaining substantially constant fluid
pressure comprises a bubble chamber providing an air trap for
absorbing pressure waves to reduce pressure fluctuations on the
constant pressure source of ink.
In another aspect of this invention, the writing head includes a
plurality of piezoelectric transducers secured to diaphragms and a
plurality of tapered orifices having a diaphragm at one end and at
the opposite end having a nozzle for writing. The head includes a
plurality of high fluid-impedance passageways with each connected
at one end to one of the orifices and coupled at the opposite end
to the reservoir.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a plural orifice head recorder with
a collapsible ink supply and manifold with additional elements
omitted for convenience of illustration.
FIG. 2 is a partially sectional elevation of the recorder of FIG.
1, with elements sectioned along lines 2--2 in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a sectional elevation of an alternative form of head with
an internal manifold or reservoir.
FIG. 4 shows a sectional elevation of an alternative form of
coupling between the ink cartridge and the ink supply line.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In FIG. 1 an ink cartridge 10 is coupled through ink-supply line 11
to ink supply manifold 12 comprising a reservoir of ink for several
nozzles 13 of a printing head 14.
PRINTING HEAD
The printing head 14 includes several piezoelectric crystal
transducers 15, chambers 18, and passageways 19. Transducers 15
include ceramic crystals 20, diaphragms 17 and electrical leads 16
broken away for simplicity of illustration. Each crystal transducer
15, composed of a ceramic material, is affixed by cement to a brass
disc diaphragm 17 to provide means for reducing the volume of
chambers 18 in head 14 in response to application of direct current
electrical energization pulses upon lines 16.
Each chamber 18 is part of a cavity 21 which tapers into a
passageway 19 which terminates in a nozzle 13 with the nozzle 13
having the smallest inner diameter (I.D.). Preferably, about seven
to 13 nozzles 13 spaced vertically and possibly staggered
horizontally can be spaced within a 0.1 inch vertical spacing with
slight lateral displacement and diameters of 0.001 - 0.006
inches.
The chambers 18 are supplied with ink via tubes 22 communicating
from inside the head to the outside, connecting with lines 23 to
the manifold 12. Lines 23 and manifold 12 provide clean, bubble
free ink to the head 14.
The cavities 21 comprising chambers 18, passageways 19, and nozzles
13 are filled with ink of appropriate viscosity, and surface
tension which when maintained at such a constant low fluid pressure
that when the transducers 15 are inactive, no ink will escape from
nozzles 13. On the other hand, when a transducer 15 is energized
electrically, it generates a fluid wave which is propagated through
the cavity's chamber 18, its passageway 19, and its nozzle 13 as
well as the tube 22 connected to the cavity 21. As a result, when a
short electrical square wave signal energizes the transducer the
resultant fluid wave ejects some ink from the nozzle 13. The ink is
pushed against the printing medium which is in this case paper 25,
thereby wetting the paper 25. Preferably, the paper is about 0.002
and 0.008 inches from the nozzles 113. When the energizing voltage
pulse is removed from the crystal 20, the diaphragm 17 retracts to
its normal shape, thereby increasing the volume of chamber 18 to
its normal volume and sucking ink back towards chamber 18 from tube
22, passageway 19, and nozzle 13. The suction in nozzle 13 causes
the ink droplet in contact with paper 25 to break off while the
remainder of the ink retracts towards passageway 19. This droplet
leaves a dot of ink deposited on paper 25. An array of such dots
(e.g. seven nozzles) can be used for matrix dot printing.
Alternatively, the ink can be propelled from the nozzle 13 to paper
spaced farther away. In the latter case, higher momentum of the
fluid must be provided.
Supply tube 22 replenishes the depleted supply of ink to cavity 21.
Note that the passageways 19 are curved to converge in order to
allow space for the transducers 15 at one end of the passageways 19
and to maintain a small distance between the nozzles 13.
INK DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
While head 14 includes only two cavities 21 in the drawings, for
simplicity and clarity of illustration, it is intended to be
representative of a practical application in which seven or eight,
more or less, cavities 21 are provided. In such case an ink
distribution system which is shared by all of the cavities becomes
a practical necessity.
However, we have found that a common ink supply for a fluid wave
printer poses problems because the waves generated by transducers
15 are transmitted through tubes 22, lines 23 and tubes 24 into
manifold 12. A straightforward ink supply system would serve to
couple such waves occasionally through the lines 23, etc. to other
cavities, which can cause ink to be ejected from a nozzle 13 whose
transducer 15 is not actuated. Such undesirable or spurious
operation is referred to herein as cross talk.
The system of FIGS. 1 and 2 includes long, thin I.D. lines 23, e.g.
I.D. 0.020 or 0.060 inches, which inhibit the flow of significant
volumes of ink through lines 23 to a small volume and tend to
minimize the amount of wave energy transmitted into manifold 12.
Tubes 24 have an I.D. of only about 0.012 to 0.030 inches which
adds resistance to flow.
In addition, manifold 12 includes an air bubble trap 26 at the top
which operates to regulate pressure fluctuations within manifold
12. Thus, incompressible liquid pressure waves can be absorbed by
the compression of the volume of the air in trap 26. In addition
line 45 has a relatively large I.D. of 0.125 and is connected to a
relatively low impedance constant pressure source of ink in an
expandable or collapsible plastic ink bag 30. Additional ink in bag
30 will not reflect waves back, but will simply expand its volume
temporarily. Thus the liquid wave will be diminished in its
intensity or amplitude upon reflection from the air bubble in trap
26 and upon flow of ink up into bag 30 so that less energy will
flow back to the lines 23. In general, if the manifold 12 includes
means providing space or freedom for excess ink to move up away
from lines 23 without admitting air, waves will not cause cross
talk.
As a result cross talk is effectively prevented without use of any
check valves.
Another function of air trap 26 is to accumulate and trap bubbles
of air and to prevent air bubbles in the ink or the lines and
manifold from passing through the system and into the head 14. Air
accumulated in the trap, when excessive can be vented manually by
partially unscrewing the cap 27 threadably coupled at the trap end
of manifold 12 and sealed by 0 ring 28 to close trap 26, normally.
Alternatively a float valve could be employed to control the volume
of air in the air bubble.
FIG. 3 shows an alternative form of ink distribution system in
which a manifold 30 is contained within the head 114. The manifold
30 is connected through very thin 0.005 inches diameter tubes 160,
which are 0.125 long or as long as convenient. Preferably, the
diameter to length relationship should be k = (Diameter).sub.4
/(Length). Tubes 160 connect to chambers 118 of cavities 121 each
of which includes an orifice 119 and a nozzle 113. At the large end
of each chamber 118 is included a transducer 115. In addition the
large 0.125 inch diameter, short tube 122 is to be connected from
manifold 30 to a constant pressure ink supply cartridge 10 (not
shown) which will provide pressure regulation. What is important is
that the resistance to flow of lines 160 be relatively much greater
than the resistance of tube 122.
The head 14 or 114 can move (i.e. traverse across the paper 25 in
order to print) where the paper platen or roller does not
reciprocate in front of the print head. Head 114 requires only one
hose to be connected to tube 122 rather than several hoses 23
connected to several tubes 22 as in FIGS. 1 and 2.
DISPOSABLE INK RESERVOIR
In the above system it is necessary that the static ink supply
pressure be maintained close to a constant value in spite of the
variation in the quantity of ink available from the source of
supply so that the static pressure at nozzle 13 will be independent
of the quantity of ink available.
In FIGS. 1 and 2, a disposable cartridge 10 includes a flexible ink
bag 30 completely filled with ink hermetically sealed to protect
the ink from air and dirt.
A central core or support 31 is contained within bag 30 and
includes, extending below its base 32, a threaded coupling 33
passing through the bag 30. The base 32 of the support 31 comprises
an annular flange which cooperates with gasket 34, below bag 30 and
plate 35 below gasket 34, as well as cap 36 which threads onto
coupling 33 and presses plate 35 up against base 32 to seal the
flange, bag, gasket, and plate together. Coupling 33 extends
through a hole in bag 30. The support 31 is generally cylindrical
and hollow at 40 to provide a passageway for ink and needle 41.
Vertical slots 37 permit ink between bag 30 and support 31 to reach
hollow 40, even after bag 30 has emptied substantially and has
collapsed upon the external walls of support 31.
The support 31 is provided for the purpose of preventing the bag 30
from collapsing vertically, in order to maintain a constant head of
pressure of the ink in the manifold 12 as well as the rest of the
system.
Between cap 36 and the bottom edge of coupling 33 is a medical or
pharmaceutical elastomeric sealing membrane 42 adapted for
self-sealing use with a hypodermic type of cannular needle 41 which
is carried in base 38 upon which the cartridge is supported, with
cap 36 inserted into receptacle hole 43 in base 38. Needle 41
extends through cylindrical coupling tube 44. A tubular line 45 is
connected over the end of coupling tube 44 in sealed relationship
therewith. Tubular line 45 is connected at its opposite end with
its inner surface extending over the outer surface of the inlet
tube 46 of manifold 12.
The upper end 47 of cannular needle 41 extends up into receptacle
hole 43, but it is recessed sufficiently to minimize the
probability of inadvertent injury to fingers of operatives
employing these instrumentalities, when installing or removing a
cartridge 10 or when a cartridge is absent from base 38 during
machine maintenance, etc.
Manifestly, with this system, maintaining constant static ink
supply pressure requires use of no moving parts other than the
replaceable bag, subsequent to installation of the cartridge
10.
A transparent case 48 (with an air vent 49 for pressure
equalization within the case) permits visual determination of the
necessity for replacement of the cartridge 10.
A filter material can be placed over the support 31 or cage 31 to
provide filtration before ink enters the hollow 40. Alternatively,
the support 31 can be replaced by a filter material.
A cap is placed over the needle 47 when the cartridge 10 is removed
for more than a short time to prevent air or dirt from entering the
needle.
FIG. 4 shows an alternative way of providing coupling. Support 131
carries needle 141 with it base 50 within the hollow 140 of
coupling 133 and the needles point extending down for insertion
within the flexible, self-sealing connector on the end of flexible
tubing 145.
Preferably a water base ink is employed, which is of medium surface
tension, about 30-35 dynes/cm. The viscosity is low, in the order
of 1-2 centipoise.
Example
The case 48 is rigid, plexiglass. Bag 30 is thin mylar of low
permeability and high flexibility. The needle is stainless steel.
The manifold and cap are plastic. The flexible hoses 23 are
plasticized polyvinyl fluoride. The top of the ink bag 30 is about
1 1/2 inches higher than the nozzle.
* * * * *