U.S. patent number 3,708,078 [Application Number 05/175,275] was granted by the patent office on 1973-01-02 for batch ram feeding apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Environmental Control Products, Inc.. Invention is credited to Richard F. Clements.
United States Patent |
3,708,078 |
Clements |
January 2, 1973 |
BATCH RAM FEEDING APPARATUS
Abstract
A batch ram feeding apparatus for feeding of material to an
incinerator or other mechanism and characterized by being
constructed to feed batches of comparatively equal weight
regardless of variations in sizes or compositions of the material.
The apparatus comprises a housing having a material receiving
opening in the top and a material dispensing opening in the front
and horizontally-extending upper and lower internal compartments
with a communicating passageway therebetween. The apparatus further
includes reciprocating rams positioned in each of the compartments
and drive means for individually driving the rams to receive a
batch of material in the upper compartment, compact the batch and
allow it to drop into the lower compartment where it is pushed out
of the dispensing opening.
Inventors: |
Clements; Richard F.
(Charlotte, NC) |
Assignee: |
Environmental Control Products,
Inc. (Charlotte, NC)
|
Family
ID: |
22639661 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/175,275 |
Filed: |
August 26, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
198/524; 100/52;
100/209; 110/109; 198/543; 414/173; 198/747 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F23G
5/444 (20130101); F23G 2205/101 (20130101); F23G
2205/14 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F23G
5/44 (20060101); F23k 003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;214/23,24 ;198/226
;110/109 ;100/52,209 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Sheridan; Robert G.
Claims
That which is claimed is:
1. A batch ram feeding apparatus for feeding of material to an
incinerator or other mechanism characterized by being constructed
to feed batches of comparatively equal weight regardless of
variations in sizes or compositions of the material, said apparatus
comprising:
a generally horizontally-extending substantially enclosed hollow
housing defining an opening in the top thereof for the reception of
material therein to be fed from a bulk supply and an opening in the
front thereof for dispensing of the material batches, and having an
internal horizontally-extending partition forming an upper
horizontally-extending compartment communicating with said material
receiving opening, a lower horizontally-extending compartment
communicating with said material dispensing opening, and an
internal passageway for the passage of material from said upper
compartment to said lower compartment;
a first horizontally reciprocating ram positioned in said upper
compartment and a second horizontally reciprocating ram positioned
in said lower compartment, said rams each having cross-sectional
dimensions substantially equal to said compartments and an axial
length less than the lengths of said compartments; and
drive means operatively connected to said rams for individually
driving said rams to move said first ram to a rearward position for
the reception of material in said upper compartment from the bulk
supply while maintaining said second ram in a forward position to
prevent the flow of the material into said lower compartment, then
moving said first ram forwardly in said upper compartment to
separate a batch of material and carry the material therein to a
position forwardly of said material receiving opening for closing
said opening and to compact the material, then moving said second
ram rearwardly allowing the compacted separated batch of material
in said upper compartment to fall into said lower compartment
through said internal passageway and then moving said second ram
forwardly to push the compacted material in said lower compartment
out of said material dispensing opening.
2. A batch ram feeding apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, further
including a hopper means connected to the top of said housing and
communicating with said material receiving opening for containing a
bulk of material for feeding through said apparatus.
3. A ram feeding apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, in which said
drive means includes a double-acting, fluid-operated piston and
cylinder means connected to each of said ram means.
4. A ram feeding apparatus, as set forth in claim 3, in which said
drive means further comprises sequentially operating electrical
circuit means operatively connected with said piston and cylinder
means.
5. A ram feeding apparatus, as set forth in claim 4, in which said
drive means includes pressure sensing means operatively connected
between said piston and cylinder means for said upper ram and said
electrical circuit means for sensing abnormal pressure on said
upper ram during its forward movement caused by an obstruction of
material between said hopper and said upper compartment or by
abnormally uncompressible material in said upper compartment and
for actuating said electrical circuit means for causing rearward
movement of said second ram to allow the batch of material to fall
into the lower compartment.
6. A ram feeding apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, in which said
compartments and said rams have generally rectangular
cross-sectional configurations.
7. A ram feeding apparatus, as set forth in claim 6, in which said
upper compartment includes an outwardly inclined front wall and
outwardly inclined side walls to ensure falling of the separated
batch of material from said upper compartment into said lower
compartment.
Description
This invention relates to batch ram feeding apparatus and more
particularly to a batch ram feeding apparatus which feeds batches
of comparatively equal weight regardless of variations in size or
composition of the material.
Heretofore, various material feeding devices have been proposed for
the feeding of material into incinerators or other mechanisms
including ram feeding devices, generally of the single ram type.
However, all of these prior mechanisms have suffered from one or
more disadvantages in the design and operation due to the
difficulty of separating a batch of material from the bulk of
storage volume and resulting jamming, and complexity of the
mechanical, electrical or fluid operated mechanisms utilized in
these machines, etc.
Accordingly, it is the object of this invention to provide a batch
ram feeding apparatus which overcomes difficulties and problems
presented in prior feeding apparatus and which is characterized by
feeding batches of comparatively equal weight regardless of
variations in size or composition of the material being fed.
It has been found by this invention that the above object may be
accomplished by providing a batch ram feeding apparatus comprising
a generally horizontally-extending substantially enclosed hollow
housing defining an opening in the top thereof for the reception of
material therein to be fed from a bulk supply and an opening in the
front thereof for dispensing of the material batches, and having an
internal horizontally-extending partition forming an upper
horizontally-extending compartment communicating with the material
receiving opening, a slightly larger lower horizontally-extending
compartment communicating with the material dispensing opening and
an internal passageway for the passage of material from the upper
compartment to the lower compartment. The apparatus further
includes a first horizontally reciprocating ram positioned in the
upper compartment and a second horizontally-extending ram
positioned in the lower compartment. The rams each have
cross-sectional dimensions substantially equal to the compartments
and an axial length less than the length of the compartments.
Drive means are operatively connected to the rams for individually
driving the rams to move the first ram to a rearward position for
the reception of material in the upper compartment from the bulk
supply while maintaining the second ram in a forward position to
prevent the flow of the material into the lower compartment, then
moving the first ram forwardly in the upper compartment to separate
a batch of material and carry the material therein to a position
forwardly of the material receiving opening for closing the opening
and to compact the material, then moving the second ram rearwardly
allowing the compacted separated batch of material in the upper
compartment to flow into the lower compartment through the internal
passageway, and then moving the second ram forwardly to push the
compacted material in the lower compartment out of the material
dispensing opening.
The batch feeding apparatus preferably includes a hopper attached
to the top of the housing and communicating with the material
receiving opening for containing a bulk supply of material for
feeding through the apparatus. Preferably, the drive means includes
a double-acting, fluid operated piston and cylinder means connected
to each of the ram means and sequentially operated electrical
circuit means operatively connected with the piston and cylinder
means. Preferably, the drive means further includes pressure
sensing means operatively connected between the piston and cylinder
means for the upper ram and the electrical circuit means for
sensing abnormal pressure on the upper ram during its forward
movement caused by an obstruction of material between the hopper
and the upper compartment or by abnormally uncompressible material
in the upper compartment and for actuating the electrical circuit
means for causing rearward movement of the second ram to allow the
batch of material to fall into the lower compartment.
Some of the objects and advantages of this invention having been
stated, other objects and advantages may be seen as the description
proceeds, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in
which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the batch ram feeding apparatus of
this invention for feeding of batches of material into an
incinerator and schematically illustrating a fluid operated piston
and cylinder and electrical circuit drive and control means;
FIG. 1A is a sectional view taken generally along the line 1A--1A
of FIG. 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the batch ram feeding
apparatus with the rams in non-feeding position;
FIG. 3 is a view like FIG. 2 illustrating the first sequence of
operation of the apparatus in which material is fed into the upper
compartment;
FIG. 4 is a view like FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrating a second
operational sequence of the apparatus in which a batch of material
is separated and pushed forwardly and compacted in the upper
compartment;
FIG. 5 is a view like FIGS. 2-4 illustrating a further operational
sequence of the apparatus in which the ram in the lower compartment
is moved rearwardly to allow the compacted batch of material to
drop into the lower compartment;
FIG. 6 is a view like FIGS. 2-5 illustrating a further operational
sequence in which the ram in the lower compartment is moved
forwardly to push the compacted batch of material in the lower
compartment out of a dispensing opening and into an incinerator or
other mechanism; and
FIG. 7 is a view like FIGS. 2-6 illustrating a possible situation
in which an obstruction of material is present between the hopper
and upper compartment.
Referring now to the drawings, and firstly to FIG. 1, the batch ram
feeding apparatus of this invention is referred to therein
generally by the reference numeral 10. The batch ram feeding
mechanism 10 is shown connected to an incinerator apparatus 11 for
the feeding of batches B of material M into the lower chamber of
the incinerator apparatus for burning thereof. While the batch ram
feeding apparatus 10 of this invention is particularly adapted for
feeding of the material M into an incinerator 11, it is to be
understood that this apparatus 10 can also feed material M to other
mechanisms for other purposes wherein a batch of material is
processed by such other mechanism.
The batch ram feeding apparatus 10 comprises a generally
horizontally-extending, substantially enclosed, generally
rectangular hollow housing 15 defining an opening 16 in the top
thereof for the reception of material M therein to be fed from a
bulk supply above the opening 16. The housing 15 further defines an
opening 17 in the front thereof for dispensing into an incinerator
11 or other mechanism batches B of material M fed through the
apparatus 10. The housing 15 further includes an internal,
horizontally-extending partition 20 forming an upper
horizontally-extending compartment 21 communicating with the
material receiving opening 16, and a lower horizontally-extending
compartment 22 communicating with the material dispensing opening
17. The partition 20 in the housing 15 further defines an internal
passageway 24 for the passage of material M from the upper
compartment 21 to the lower compartment 22.
A first horizontally reciprocating ram 30 is positioned in the
upper compartment 21 and a second horizontally reciprocating ram 31
is positioned in the lower compartment 22. Each of the rams 30 and
31 and the respective compartments 21 and 22 are generally
rectangular in cross-sectional configuration. However, the upper
compartment 21 and first ram 30 are somewhat smaller than the lower
compartment 22 and ram 31. Also, the upper compartment includes an
outwardly inclined front wall and outwardly inclined side wall, as
shown in FIGS. 1 and 1A to insure falling of the separated batch
from the upper compartment into the lower compartment.
The batch ram feeding apparatus 10 further includes a hopper 35
connected to the top of the housing 15 and communicating with the
material receiving opening 16. The hopper 35 is adapted to contain
a bulk of material M for feeding through the apparatus 10.
Drive means, schematically illustrated in FIG. 1 and described more
fully below, are operatively connected to the rams 30 and 31 for
individually driving the rams in sequential operation for feeding
of batches of material through the apparatus 10.
Referring to FIGS. 2-7, the first ram 30 is moved from the position
shown in FIG. 2, which illustrates both rams 30 and 31 in the at
rest or non-feeding position, to a rearward position, as
illustrated in FIG. 3, for the reception of material M by gravity
flow from the hopper 35. In this position of the first ram 30, the
second ram 31 is maintained in a forward position, as illustrated
in FIG. 3, to close the internal passageway 24 and prevent the
material M from flowing into the lower compartment 22.
Next, the first ram 30 in the upper compartment 21 is moved
forwardly in the upper compartment 21 to normally separate a batch
B of material from the bulk supply and carry the separated batch B
of material to a position forwardly of the material receiving
opening 16 to compact the batch of material and close the material
receiving opening 16 by the first ram 30, as shown in FIG. 4. Thus,
it may be seen that predetermined quantities of material of
comparatively equal weights will be separated into a batch from the
bulk of material in the hopper 35 during each of these operational
sequences of the first ram 30.
Next, the second ram 31 in the lower compartment 22 will be moved
rearwardly opening the internal passageway 24 and allowing the
compacted, separated batch B of material in the upper compartment
21 to drop or flow into the lower compartment 22, as shown in FIG.
5. Then, the second ram 31 in the lower compartment 22 is moved
forwardly to push the compacted batch B of material in the lower
compartment 22 out of the dispensing opening 17 and into the
incinerator apparatus 11, as shown in FIG. 6. The ram 31 is then
reversed to the position shown in FIG. 2 for another sequence of
operations, as described above.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the drive means, schematically
illustrated therein, comprise a double-acting, fluid-operated,
self-reversing piston and cylinder mechanism connected to each of
the rams 30 and 31 and including a cylinder 40 and piston 41
connected at its forward end to ram 30, and cylinder 42 and piston
43 connected at its forward end to ram 31. Mechanically operated
valves 44 and 45 are connected with each of the piston and cylinder
devices 40, 41 and 42, 43, respectively. Suitable air conduits lead
from a source of pressurized air 46 through the valves 44 and 45 to
the piston and cylinder devices 40, 41 and 42, 43. As may be seen
in FIG. 1, the piston and cylinder devices operate through the
valves 44 and 45 to reverse themselves by introducing air under
pressure on alternate sides of the pistons 41 and 43 after the
pistons have moved through a stroke to the left or right. The
valves 44 and 45 are conventional mechanically actuated spool
valves which are moved to open air lines to either side of the
piston mechanisms by the rod devices or the like extending
therefrom.
The drive means further includes normally closed, solenoid actuated
valves 50 and 51 disposed in the pressurized air conduits between
the source and the reversing valves 44 and 45 of the piston and
cylinder mechanisms 40, 41 and 42, 43, respectively. The solenoid
operated valve 50 includes a mechanical time delay 53 which retards
the closing of the valve.
The solenoid actuated valves 50 and 51 are controlled by a suitable
electric circuit including a normally open limit switch 55 actuated
by movement of the first ram 30, a normally closed limit switch 56
actuated by movement of the second ram 31, a double pole limit
switch 57 with one normally open and one normally closed set of
contacts and actuated by movement of the second ram 31, a solenoid
actuated control relay 60 having one normally closed and two
normally opened sets of contacts, a solenoid actuated control relay
61 with two sets of normally opened contacts in which one set
comprises a holding circuit, and a normally opened pushbutton
switch 65.
As described above, the operational sequence of the batch ram
feeding apparatus 10 starts with the second ram 31 in the lower
chamber 22 in the at rest or non-feeding position, illustrated in
FIGS. 1 and 2, in which limit switch 57 is actuated, allowing
current to flow through the normally closed contacts of relay 60 to
relay 61 which, if energized by pushbutton 65, allows current to
energize solenoid valve 50 to open the valve. Air under pressure
from the source 46 passes through the air conduits, through the
open valve 50 and through the valve 44 to the self-reversing
cylinder 40. The piston 41 moves the first ram 30 in the upper
cylinder 21 to the position illustrated in FIG. 3, wherein the
piston 41 strikes the actuating rod of the valve 44 moving it to a
position for reversing the direction of travel of the piston 41 so
that the piston 41 then moves to the right, as illustrated in FIG.
1, to move the ram 30 to a forward position, as illustrated in FIG.
4.
In this position, the ram 30 actuates the limit switch 55 to
energize control relay 60. The control relay 60 de-energizes
solenoid valve 50, but the mechanical timer 53 delays the closing
of the valve for sufficient length of time to permit the piston 41
to reverse and move the upper ram 30 away from the switch 55.
However, control relay 60 is now held energized by current through
one set of its actuated closed contacts and through the normally
closed switch 56.
When control relay 60 was energized, it closed one set of contacts
which permitted current to flow to the solenoid valve 51 and
thereby allowed air under pressure to flow through the solenoid
valve 51 and the valve 45 to the cylinder 42. The piston 43 moves
the second ram 31 in the lower chamber 22 to the left, as viewed in
FIG. 1, until the piston 43 moves the rod actuating mechanism of
the valve 45 to allow air to flow into the other side of the piston
43 to cause the piston 43 to reverse and move the second ram 31
forwardly to a position where switch 57 is deactuated and to a
position where the switch 56 is opened. This de-energizes the
control relay 60. Switch 57 maintains current to valve 51 allowing
the piston 43 to reverse and move the ram 31 rearward to its at
rest position, as illustrated in FIG. 1. In this position, switch
57 is actuated which de-energizes valve 51 and permits current to
flow to the control relay 61, completing the cycle. If pushbutton
switch 65 is depressed, relay 61 will be energized and current will
flow to valve 50 repeating the operating sequence.
In addition to the normal situation in which the first ram 30
separates a batch of material from the hopper 35 and compresses the
batch forwardly in the upper compartment 21 actuating limit switch
55 to cause the drive means to move the rams 30 and 31 through the
remaining portions of the above-described cycle, there are two
other situations which may occur during operation of the apparatus
of this invention. A first possible situation is where the material
M dropping into the upper compartment 21 will not separate from the
bulk of material M in the hopper 35 and therefore jams between the
upper ram 30 and the forward edge of the material receiving opening
16, as shown in FIG. 7. The other situation occurs when the
material M being fed by the apparatus 10 of this invention is of
such a nature that it will not sufficiently compress in the upper
compartment 21 by forward movement of the first ram 30. In both of
these situations, the ram 30 will not be moved forwardly enough to
actuate limit switch 55 to cause the drive means of the apparatus
10 to proceed through the above-described cycles of operation.
For ensuring operation of the apparatus 10 during the above two
described situations, the drive means further includes a spring
bias pressure sensitive valve 66 connected by a suitable air
conduit to the air conduit extending between valve 50 and valve 44,
as shown in FIG. 1. The valve 66 also includes a stem extending
therefrom and controlling a switch 67 which is operatively
connected by suitable electric circuit to the relay 60. The valve
stem of valve 66 also includes a depending portion which is adapted
to mechanically contact an upstanding portion of control rod of
valve 44.
Accordingly, in either of the above-described abnormal situations,
the ram 30 will move forwardly attempting to reach the forward
position illustrated in FIG. 4. Because of jamming of the material
M, as shown in FIG. 7, or because the material M will not compact
sufficiently, air pressure builds up in the piston and cylinder
devices 40 and 41 until this pressure is backed up in the air
conduit sufficiently to push the stem of the valve 66 against the
bias of the spring therein to close the contacts of switch 67 and
to mechanically reverse the valve 44. This causes the piston and
cylinder mechanisms 40 and 41 to reverse and electrically energizes
the relay 60 so that the sequence of operation continues as
described above, without stopping of the operation of the
apparatus.
Thus, it may be seen that a batch ram feeding apparatus has been
provided which utilizes a dual ram feeding mechanism sequentially
operated and controlled to separate a batch of material from a bulk
supply of the material, compact the batch of material and feed the
batch of material into an incinerator or other mechanism and will
overcome the prior problems inherent in batch feeding
mechanisms.
In the drawings and specification, there has been set forth a
preferred embodiment of this invention and, although specific terms
are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only
and not for purposes of limitation.
* * * * *