U.S. patent number 3,702,543 [Application Number 05/039,775] was granted by the patent office on 1972-11-14 for ice making apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Whirlpool Corporation. Invention is credited to John B. Lyman.
United States Patent |
3,702,543 |
Lyman |
November 14, 1972 |
ICE MAKING APPARATUS
Abstract
A rotatable compression auger and nozzle assembly includes
helical flights disposed within a bore having a non-circular cross
section and lined with a liner having a low thermal conductivity.
An optimum angulation of the helical flights insures that an ice
slush product neat the auger bonds to ice particles in free
portions of the bore, and the axial alignment of the auger relative
to the configuration of walls of the bore is predetermined to give
either hard or uncompressed ice.
Inventors: |
Lyman; John B. (Bloomington,
MN) |
Assignee: |
Whirlpool Corporation (Benton
Harbor, MI)
|
Family
ID: |
21907283 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/039,775 |
Filed: |
May 22, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
62/354; 264/28;
425/378.1; 100/339 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25C
1/147 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F25C
1/12 (20060101); F25C 1/14 (20060101); F25c
001/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;107/14 ;100/117,145,93S
;18/125M,125SA,DIG.55 ;62/347,354,74,320,75 ;264/32928X
;425/378 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wayner; William E.
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or
privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. A combination ice auger and compression unit comprising
harvesting means including a vertically disposed rotatable
harvesting auger and freezing chamber for continuously harvesting
an ice product from the freezing surface of the chamber,
mechanical transfer means for directing the ice product into a
compression zone,
and a compression unit comprising rotatable screw blades to axially
advance the ice product in the compression zone,
said compression unit comprising means forming a nozzle bore
through which said screw blades squeeze the ice product,
said nozzle bore having walls forming slanted action surfaces in
two axially adjacent zones,
said action surfaces in the first of said zones converging inwardly
relative to a longitudinal axis of the bore and extending towards
the outlet end of said bore and disposed at an angle of convergence
in the order of about 31/2.degree., thereby to compress the ice
product into a hard column.
2. A combination ice auger and compression zone as defined in claim
1 and further characterized by said nozzle bore having said slanted
action surfaces in said first zone terminating at a juncture plane
between said first and second zones and said slanted action
surfaces in said second zone being slanted inwardly of a
longitudinal axis of said bore at an angle in the order of about
3/4.degree., thereby to confine the ice product in the form of a
hard ice column and holding the ice product under slight
compression to bond the ice product together into a solid, rigid
ice column.
3. A combination ice auger and compression unit as defined in claim
2 wherein said rotatable screw blades comprise compression auger
means rotatable within said nozzle and extending partially through
said first zone, said compression auger means having an outer
terminal end spaced inwardly of said juncture plane a distance
sufficient to extrude the harvested ice product into a hard ice
column,
said distance being in the order of at least about 1.0 inch.
4. A combination ice auger and compression unit as defined in claim
2 and further characterized by said nozzle bore having a length
resulting in a percentage reduction in cross-sectional area of in
the order of about 50 percent.
5. A combination ice auger and compression unit as defined in claim
1 and further characterized by said compression unit having a drain
port formed to drain said nozzle bore in said first zone near an
entrance end thereof for venting air and excess water forced from
the mass of ice particles advanced through said nozzle bore.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to ice makers and more
particularly refers to compression means for compacting and
compressing an ice flake slush into a hard, rigid ice product.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In one form of ice maker, heretofore provided, ice products are
produced by continuously harvesting and compressing an ice flake
slush formed on a refrigerated cylinder wall provided by an
upright, tubular member having an internal refrigerated bore
surface sized to cooperate with helical flights of a rotatable
harvesting auger disposed in scraping relationship thereto.
Means for compressing the ice flake slush into a finished ice
product have included a screw shaft rotatable within a nozzle.
Heretofore, the nozzle has included inwardly extending ribs or
ridges to retard rotation of the ice slush with the auger. Also,
the screw shaft or augers have generally been of the type utilized
for conveying grain, coal, melting thermoplastic materials and the
like and have not been specifically designed for compacting and
compressing ice flake slush. When rotated in a non-circular nozzle,
the screw shafts heretofore utilized had a tendency to rotate
without advancing ice particles disposed in corners of the nozzle,
sometimes referred to as "spin-out."
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Ice maker compression means, constructed in accordance with the
principles of the present invention, include means forming a nozzle
having a lined throughbore arranged to cooperate with selectively
designed, helical flights of an auger for compacting an ice slush,
including flakes and particles, into a hard, rigid ice column
emerging from the nozzle.
In order to retard rotation of the ice slush with the rotating
auger, the nozzle throughbore has a non-circular, transverse, cross
sectional configuration. The throughbore may advantageously have a
cross section arranged in the form of a regular, geometrical shape,
for example a square, an equilateral triangle, a regular pentagon,
etc. The bore is lined with material having low thermoconductivity
such as plastic or other synthetic material.
The compression auger has an outermost end terminating inwardly of
a juncture plane between first and second bore portions so that the
ice particles may come together into a solid mass within the
compression or first portion of the nozzle bore.
In order to reduce "spin-out" i.e., a tendency for the compression
auger to rotate without advancing ice particles in corners of the
non-circular nozzle bore, the helical flights of the auger are
specifically configured at optimum angulations to axially advance
the ice slush through the nozzle and also to laterally outwardly
drive the ice particles into bonding engagement with the ice slush
disposed in the free portions of the bore near the bore wall
surfaces, and in particular slush disposed in the corners. The
lateral driving force may advantageously be provided by outwardly
inclining axially outwardly projecting surfaces of the helical
flights so that the ice slush is driven both axially and laterally
outwardly as the auger rotates.
By changing the relationship of the end of the auger relative to
the first and second portions of the bore, the compression means
will produce hard ice if positioned as shown in the drawings or if
the distance is substantially fore-shortened, it will produce
uncompressed ice.
The first or compression portion of the nozzle bore receives the
ice flake slush and is characterized by slanted wall surfaces
converging axially outwardly of the nozzle, thereby compressing and
compacting the ice slush to remove air and excess water as the
slush advances therethrough.
The second portion of the nozzle bore extends axially beyond the
first portion and has slanted wall surfaces converging outwardly at
a rate less than that of the first portion wall surfaces for
holding the compressed slush in a rigid column to permit bonding of
the flakes and particles into a solid, hard mass.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an elevational view with portions broken away to
illustrate additional details of an ice maker apparatus having
compression means constructed in accordance with the principles of
the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged, partial view of the ice maker shown in FIG.
1 and illustrates a longitudinal section of a nozzle with its
related compression auger shown in elevation;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the compression auger
illustrated in FIG. 2 and constructed in accordance with the
principles of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken approximately along line IV--IV of
FIG. 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to the drawings, an ice maker of the present invention is
shown generally at 10 and includes an evaporator unit 11 having an
internal bore forming a cylindrical wall 12. An integrally formed
evaporator passageway 13 has a refrigerant or coolant expanded
thereinto by a refrigeration system through an expansion valve.
Water is introduced into the evaporator internally of the wall 12
through an inlet conduit 15 disposed near a base of the unit 11.
The water tends to freeze on the wall 12 in the form of a thin film
of ice. One or more helical flights 16 formed or carried on a
rotating harvesting auger 17 cooperate with the wall 12, which, in
effect, forms a freezing and scraping surface 14, whereby thin
films of ice formed on the freezing and scraping surface 14 will be
continuously harvested. The auger 17 progressively advances a
mixture of ice particles, including slush and chunks upwardly in
the unit 11 towards a collection chamber 18 superjacent the
evaporator unit 11.
Suitable fastening means, such as bolts 19, attach a radially
outwardly extending flange 21 formed on the evaporator unit 11 to a
drive housing 22. A shaft 23 is disposed centrally of the
evaporator unit 11 and has a lower end portion supported within
axially spaced bearing means in the drive housing 22. Gear
reduction means are driven by a prime mover such as an electric
motor M. The shaft 23 is disposed coaxially of the evaporator bore
and has a driven connection with the gear reduction means. Water is
prevented from entering the drive housing 22 by seal means
including a shaft seal 24 engaging the shaft 23.
The harvesting auger 17 includes a central hub portion 26 having a
throughbore. A threaded portion 27 of the bore receives an upper
threaded end portion 28 of the shaft 23 to support the harvesting
auger 17 for corotation with the driven shaft 23. A cylindrical
portion 29 formed on the harvesting auger 17 and spaced
concentrically inwardly of the refrigerated, scraping surface 14
has an outer diameter relatively larger than a diameter of the
shaft 23 and carries the helically extending flights or blades 16,
which have scraping edges 30 for engaging the scraping surface 14
to harvest the thin film of ice as the harvesting auger 17 rotates
relative to the surface 14.
The collection chamber 18 is formed by a generally circular or
inverted cup-shaped cap means generally indicated at 31 and having
a plurality of channels 32 receiving the ice flake product from the
harvesting auger 17. Each of the channels 32 extends in a generally
spiral path of increasing cross-section for conducting the flake
ice product discharged from the evaporator unit 11 upwardly into a
central passageway 33 leading into an internal bore 34 of a
compression and forming nozzle 35. The nozzle 35 has a generally
outwardly extending flange 36 secured to the cap means 31 by
suitable fasteners, such as nut and bolt assemblies as at 37 and
the cap means 31 are suitably secured by a plurality of
circumferentially spaced bolts 38 to a radially outwardly extending
flange 39 on the evaporator unit. Thus, the drive housing 22, the
evaporator 11, the cap means 31 and the compression nozzle 35 are
detachably secured in a stacked relationship by the fastening means
19, 37 and 38.
In order to compress the flake ice product harvested from the
refrigerated scraping surface 14 into a solid ice product, a
compression auger 41 mounted for corotation with the harvesting
auger 17 receives the flake ice product from the collection chamber
18 and squeezes the ice particles through the nozzle bore 34 to
remove excess water and form an emergent solid column of ice at an
upper end 42 of the nozzle 35. The compression auger 41 has a
depending, threaded stud 43 engaged into the threaded bore 27 of
the harvesting auger.
If desired, appropriately configured extrusion means may be
attached to an outwardly extending flange 44 at the upper end 42 of
the nozzle 35 for forming the emerging, solid column of ice into a
desired configuration. The extrusion means may be designed to
transversely shear the emerging column of ice into ice cubes or
otherwise shape the column into desired configurations, for
example, chipped ice, shaved ice, cracked ice or small ice
cubes.
In accordance with the principles of the present invention, the
nozzle bore 34 has a first portion 51 receiving and compressing the
ice flake slush and a second portion 52 extending outwardly beyond
the first portion from a juncture plane 53 between the coaxial
portions for holding the ice flakes and particles in a compressed
state to permit the particles to bond together into a hard, solid
column emerging from the nozzle upper, exit end 42.
Rotation of the slush with the rotating compression auger 41 is
retarded by forming the nozzle portions 51 and 52 with
non-circular, transverse cross sections. Advantageously, the nozzle
bore portions 51 and 52 may have a cross sectional configuration
formed in the shape of a non-circular, regular geometrical shape,
for example an equilateral triangle, a square, a regular pentagon,
etc. As illustrated in the drawings, the nozzle bore 34 has a
square transverse cross sectional configuration.
The first bore portion 51 is characterized by four walls 54 forming
bore wall surfaces or compression surfaces 55 converging axially
and extending from an entrance end 56 of the nozzle 35 and to the
juncture plane 53. The compression surfaces 55 are inwardly slanted
at an angle indicated at 57 and sized to provide a percentage
reduction in cross sectional area of the first bore portion 51
between the nozzle entrance end 56 and the juncture plane 53
selected for producing an ice product having a desired hardness.
The hardness of the ice product generally increases with an
increase in the percentage reduction. As the ice slush advances
from the nozzle entrance end 56 to the juncture plane 53, the
slanted wall surfaces 55 coact with the slush to create a
restraining drag on the advancing ice slush, thereby compacting the
particles and flakes into a hard mass.
In order to enable the compacted and compressed ice particles and
flakes to completely fill the bore first portion 51 and thus form a
solid ice mass within the nozzle 35, the bore first portion extends
axially outwardly beyond an outermost, terminal end 58 of the
compression auger 41. It should be noted that the hardness of the
ice product produced by the nozzle 35 and the compression auger 41
is a function of the percentage reduction in cross sectional area
of the bore first portion 51 and of the distance 59. The distance
between the compression auger end 58 and the juncture plane 53, as
indicated at 59 establishes a relationship between the auger and
the nozzle which may be selectively varied to produce a finished
ice product of a desired hardness. Thus, using an exemplary
structure as illustrated in the drawings a loosely compacted ice
product is formed when the distance 59 is about 0.4 inches and a
hard, rigid ice product, suitable for forming clear ice cubes,
results when the distance 59 is about 1.0 inch.
A corresponding number of four walls 61 of the nozzle 35 extend
axially outwardly of the walls 54 and form the bore second portion
52. The walls 61 have slanted inner wall surfaces or action
surfaces 62 defining the bore portion 52 and converging outwardly
toward the nozzle exit end 42. The action surfaces 62 converge at a
lesser rate than the convergence of the compression surfaces 55,
thereby to slightly compress the solid mass of ice as the same
moves from the juncture plane 53 to the nozzle exit end 42. In such
manner, the solid mass of ice is confined into a column and held
under a slight compression for enabling the ice particles and
flakes to bond together into a solid, rigid ice column emerging
from the nozzle exit end 42.
As one example of the nozzle 35 of the present invention, good ice
production results with an angle 57 of 31/2.degree., whereas each
of the action surfaces 62 of the bore second portion 52 is slanted
inwardly of a longitudinal axis of the nozzle bore 34 by an angle
of approximately 3/4.degree.. The compression surfaces 55 have an
axial length of about 3.3 inches, thereby resulting in a percentage
reduction in cross sectional area in the order of 50 percent, at
the 31/2.degree. angle. That specific configuration consistently
produced a rigid, hard ice column from an ice slush, including
flakes and particles.
Excess water and air is forced from the ice slush, as the same is
compressed and compacted in the nozzle bore 34 and is vented
through a drain port 66 disposed near the entrance end 56 of the
nozzle 35.
A liner 67, composed of a material having a low thermoconductivity,
such as rubber or plastic, may be molded or otherwise formed in the
nozzle 35. The liner 67 forms the compression surfaces 55 and the
action surfaces 62 and, due to its low thermoconductivity prevents
adhesion of the ice slush to the surfaces.
It is contemplated by the principles of the present invention to
form the compression auger 41 with a configuration selected to
laterally outwardly drive and compress the ice slush so that ice
particles and flakes in a central region of the nozzle bore 34 are
compressed into bonding engagement with ice particles disposed near
the compression surfaces 55, and in particular with ice particles
disposed in corners as at 68 of the non-circular bore 34. In that
manner, rotation of the ice slush, due to frictional drag between
the rotating auger 41 and a portion of the slush adjacent thereto,
is retarded, since the slush is compacted into a solid mass having
a non-circular configuration in transverse cross section.
Thus, the compression auger 41, constructed in accordance with the
present invention, includes a central shaft portion 69 and
helically extending flights 71 projecting outwardly from a
periphery 72 of the shaft portion. The helical flights 71 axially
advance the ice slush from the nozzle entrance end 56 and outwardly
through the nozzle bore 34, thereby causing coaction between the
ice slush and the compression or action surfaces 55 and 62 to
compress the slush to a solid mass. Also, axially outwardly
extending surfaces 73 of the helical flights 71 are inclined
outwardly of a right section of the auger shaft 69 to form a
surface for laterally outwardly driving the ice particles and
flakes as the compression auger 41 rotates within the nozzle bore
34.
An optimum angle of inclination, as indicated at 74, of the
surfaces 73 relative to a right section of the auger shaft portion
69, in the order of about 30.degree. provides a desired lateral
driving force for bonding the ice slush into a solid mass
completely filling the nozzle bore 34.
The auger shaft periphery 72 has a conical configuration formed
complementally to the taper or slant of the compression surfaces
55. Outer peripheral edge portions 75 of the flights 71 closely
confront the compression surfaces 55 and lie on a conical plane
tapered complementally to the compression surfaces.
Frictional drag between the rotating compression auger 41 and the
ice slush passing through the nozzle 34 may be further reduced by
finishing and polishing outer surfaces of the auger, including the
shaft outer periphery 69 and the inclined, axially outwardly
projecting surfaces 73. The compression auger outer surfaces may
advantageously be finished and polished by appropriate means so
that the surface finish is in the order of 25 r.m.s. or less.
From the foregoing description, it should be noted that "spin-out"
of the compression auger 41, i.e., a tendency for the compression
auger to rotate within the nozzle bore 34 without axially advancing
ice flakes and particles disposed in the corners 68 of the bore, is
reduced by forming the helical flights 71 with the axially
outwardly projecting surface 73 inclined outwardly of a right
section of the auger as herein disclosed and by finishing and
polishing the auger outer surfaces to a smooth finish, as disclosed
above, thereby producing a denser ice product than would otherwise
be possible.
Although those versed in the art may suggest various minor
modifications, it should be understood that I wish to embody within
the scope of the patent warranted hereon all such modifications as
reasonably and properly come within the scope of my contribution to
the art.
* * * * *