U.S. patent number 3,699,979 [Application Number 05/132,442] was granted by the patent office on 1972-10-24 for impregnated article for cleaning the interproximal surfaces of the teeth.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Indiana University Foundation. Invention is credited to Joseph C. Muhler, George K. Stookey.
United States Patent |
3,699,979 |
Muhler , et al. |
October 24, 1972 |
IMPREGNATED ARTICLE FOR CLEANING THE INTERPROXIMAL SURFACES OF THE
TEETH
Abstract
A mixture of a saliva soluble coating material and a specially
defined dental polishing and cleaning agent is combined with a
non-wax dental floss or dental tape to produce an impregnated
dental floss or dental tape. Saliva dissolves the soluble coating
material when the impregnated floss or tape is used to clean and
polish the interproximal surfaces of the teeth by exposing the
polishing agent to direct contact with the dental surfaces.
Utilization of a saliva soluble coating material thereby
substantially increases the cleaning and polishing properties of
the dental floss or tape containing the cleaning and polishing
agent.
Inventors: |
Muhler; Joseph C.
(Indianapolis, IN), Stookey; George K. (Indianapolis,
IN) |
Assignee: |
Indiana University Foundation
(Bloomington, IN)
|
Family
ID: |
22454071 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/132,442 |
Filed: |
April 8, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
132/321 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61C
15/041 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61C
15/04 (20060101); A61C 15/00 (20060101); A61c
015/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;132/89,90,91,92
;117/102 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Mancene; Louis G.
Assistant Examiner: McNeill; Gregory E.
Claims
We claim:
1. An impregnated article for cleaning and polishing the teeth
comprising
an elongated member adapted for application to the teeth, with the
member being coated with a composition comprising a water-soluble
material and a dental abrasive material, with the water-soluble
material being capable of being dissolved by the saliva in the oral
cavity when the member is applied to the teeth thereby releasing
the dental abrasive material to contact with the tooth surfaces as
the member is applied thereto.
2. An article, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elongated member
comprises a woven fibrous material having a dimension sufficiently
narrow to permit insertion thereof in the interproximal areas
between adjacent teeth.
3. An article, as claimed in claim 2, wherein the woven fibrous
material is nylon.
4. An article, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-soluble
coating material is a member selected from the group consisting of
polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide,
methylcellulose, and mixtures thereof.
5. An article, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-soluble
coating material comprises polyethylene glycol.
6. An article, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dental abrasive
material comprises zirconium silicate, ZrSiO.sub.4.
7. An article, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating
composition comprises about 20- 50 percent dental abrasive material
and about 58- 80 percent water-soluble material, by weight of the
coating composition.
8. An article, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elongated member
is a strip of dental floss.
9. An article, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elongated member
is a strip of dental tape.
10. An impregnated dental floss for cleaning and polishing the
interproximal surfaces of the teeth comprising:
fibrous material woven together to form a larger thread of a
sufficiently small diameter to permit insertion between the
teeth;
a saliva soluble coating material adhered to said fibrous
material;
a dental abrasive material in said saliva soluble coating material
adhered to said fibrous material;
whereby said saliva soluble coating material is dissolved by the
saliva in the oral cavity when the floss is inserted between the
teeth thereby directly exposing said dental abrasive material to
contact with the dental surface enhancing the cleaning and
polishing properties of said impregnated dental floss.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to articles for cleaning and polishing the
interproximal surfaces of the teeth and more particularly to
impregnated dental floss and dental tapes and methods of producing
the same.
Description of the Prior Art
Various materials have heretofore been used to clean the
interproximal spaces and surfaces of the teeth. For example, dental
floss and dental tape have been used as a means of physically
removing materia alba, dental plaque, and calculus from between the
interproximal spaces of the teeth. Dental floss is prepared from
nylon or other suitable threads woven together to form a larger,
circular thread or a tape that may or may not be coated with an
insoluble wax (such as paraffin). The need for such articles is
obvious since the inaccessible areas between the teeth are not
reached at all by toothbrushing. Unless food particles and their
end products are removed from the interproximal areas they will
promote the formation of dental caries in those areas. Caries at
the interproximal surfaces of the teeth are not only more difficult
to restore, but are the most damaging to the tooth.
Impregnated dental floss or dental tape heretofore known to the art
have not been entirely satisfactory in cleaning the interproximal
surfaces of the teeth. For example, Fleming, U.S. Pat. No.
3,491,776 discloses an impregnated paper tape having a thin coating
of wax and a coating of abrasive particles imbedded in the wax.
Heretofore, waxes used in dental floss or dental tapes of the
Fleming type, have been water insoluble waxes such as paraffin.
Such waxes reduce the cleaning quality of the impregnated dental
floss or tape since the insoluble wax coats the abrasive particles
thereby reducing the cleaning qualities of the material. In
addition, the insoluble wax tends to coat the interproximal
surfaces of the teeth, thus further hampering the abrasive action
of the abrasive particles. Therefore, in the prior art, utilization
of a water insoluble wax on a dental floss or tape has limited the
effectiveness of the floss or tape in cleaning and polishing the
interproximal surfaces of the teeth. Prior to this invention, no
methods were available to remove exogenous stains or to polish the
interproximal surfaces.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the subject invention, a novel impregnated
dental floss and tape having substantially improved cleaning and
polishing characteristics has been discovered. Specifically, the
improved dental floss or tape comprises fibrous material woven
together to form either a single thread or tape capable of being
inserted between the teeth, a water soluble coating material
adhered to the fibrous material, and a dental polishing and
cleaning agent added in the coating material adhered to the fibrous
material.
Utilization of a saliva soluble coating material obviates the
disadvantages of the prior art impregnated dental floss or tapes.
When the subject invention is inserted between the teeth in the
oral cavity, the saliva dissolves the coating material thereby
exposing the abrasive material to direct contact with the surfaces
of the dental structure. It is not necessary that the abrasive
material be securely adhered to the fibrous material to perform the
cleaning and polishing function since the finely defined woven
fibers tend to grip the abrasive material and move the abrasive
material across the dental surfaces as the floss or tape is moved
back and forth. In addition, the saliva soluble coating material
does not adhere to the surface of the teeth and consequently the
dental abrasive material is permitted to come in direct contact
with the enamel surface of the teeth.
Thus, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide an
improved impregnated dental floss or tape which provides
substantially increased cleaning and polishing properties.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved
impregnated dental floss or tape wherein a saliva soluble coating
material dissolves during use to permit direct contact of the
abrasive material with the dental structure.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an
improved impregnated dental floss or tape which eliminates
adherance of the coating material on the dental surface.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side view of a section of the impregnated dental floss
of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of a section of the impregnated dental tape
embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a top view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a view of the impregnated dental floss embodiment of the
present invention positioned in the interproximal space between two
teeth.
FIG. 5 is a simplified schematic diagram of the process for
manufacturing the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the present invention
comprising an impregnated dental floss 10 formed of a plurality of
individual threads 12 of a material suitable for a dental floss
(such as cotton, wool, nylon, rayon, Dacron and acetate polymers)
woven together to form a single strand 14 of dental floss.
Particles of a dental abrasive 18 are held on the strand 14 by a
coating of saliva soluble coating material 16 (shown in broken
lines in FIG. 1).
FIG. 2 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the present
invention comprising a dental tape 20 formed of a relatively flat
strip of fibrous threads 22 woven together to form the dental tape
20. Particles of dental abrasive 26 are held on the surface of the
dental tape 20 by a saliva soluble coating material 24 (shown in
broken lines in FIG. 2).
FIG. 4 illustrates a strand of the impregnated dental floss 10 of
the present invention inserted into the interproximal space between
two teeth 30. The operation of the saliva within the oral cavity
dissolves the soluble coating material thus exposing the dental
abrasive particles 18 and permitting direct contact between the
particles and the interproximal surfaces 32 of the teeth 30 as the
floss 10 is moved back and forth. Thus, it is apparent, that the
dental abrasive particles 18 of the present invention come into
direct contact with the dental structure during use.
In general, the dental abrasive saliva-soluble coating composition
that is applied to the floss 10 or tape 20 comprises a minor
proportion of abrasive and a major proportion of coating material.
More particularly, compositions comprising wax and abrasive having
relative weight ratios lying in the range of about 1: 1 to 4:1
(i.e., compositions comprising about 20- 50 percent abrasive and
about 50- 80 percent wax by weight) are especially
satisfactory.
The thickness of the abrasive impregnated coating material on the
dental floss or tape is not critical and is a matter of choice, but
it should be thick enough to provide a coating of abrasive
particles on the floss or tape substrate.
FIG. 5 illustrates a simplified diagram of an apparatus for
producing an improved impregnated dental floss and tape in
accordance with the method aspects of the present invention. A roll
40 of raw or unimpregnated dental floss or tape 41 is threaded over
a roller 42 into a vat 44 containing a mixture of saliva soluble
coating material and dental abrasive particles 46. A heat source 48
is provided under vat 44 to supply heat to the mixture 46 and keep
the saliva soluble coating material in a liquid condition.
Advantageously, the vat 44 is also provided with an agitator 49
which serves to maintain the coating composition as a generally
homogeneous mixture. The floss or tape 41 is threaded around
rollers 50 and 52 so that it exits vertically out of vat 44. Thus,
a portion of the mixture 46 of saliva soluble coating material and
dental abrasive particles adhers to the floss or tape 41 as it
leaves the vat 44. The excess mixture 46 of saliva soluble coating
material and dental abrasive particles is scraped off by scraper 54
which allows the excess mixture 46 to return to the vat 44. The
floss or tape 41 is then threaded around a roller 56 and passed
between cooling coils 58 which cool the mixture 46 of saliva
soluble coating material and dental abrasive particles thereby
solidifying the mixture 46 on the floss or tape 41. The finished
impregnated dental floss or tape is then rolled upon a collection
roller 60.
The fibrous material utilized for the threads 12 (see FIG. 1) or 22
(see FIG. 2) may be made up of a number of fibrous materials having
the proper strength and thread size for utilization as a dental
floss or tape. For example, such materials as cotton, wool, nylon,
rayon, Dacron, and acetate polymers have all been found to be
suitable fibrous material for fabrication of a dental floss or
dental tape.
Various water soluble coating materials have been found to be
suitable for utilization as the coating material for the present
invention. For example, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxides,
polypropylene oxide, methylcellulose and mixtures thereof may be
utilized as the water soluble coating material for the present
invention. However, polyethylene glycol has been found to be
particularly suitable for utilization in the present invention.
Various dental abrasive materials may be utilized in the present
invention. Preferred dental abrasive materials include zirconium
silicate (ZrSiO.sub.4), calcium pyrophosphate (Ca.sub.2 P.sub.2
O.sub.7 ), anhydrous calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO.sub.4),
calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO.sub.4.sup.. 2H.sub.2
0), insoluble sodium metaphosphate [ (NaPO.sub.3).sub.x ] , calcium
carbonate (CaCO.sub.3), alumina (A1.sub.2 O.sub.3 ), tin dioxide
(SnO.sub.2), talc [Mg.sub.3 Si.sub.4 0.sub.10 (OH.sub.2) ] and
mixtures thereof. However, zirconium silicate, particularly the
ZrSiO.sub.4 agent of U.S. Pat. No. 3,330,732 has been found to be
especially suitable for the present invention.
Another preferred ZrSiO.sub.4 abrasive comprises particles lying in
the range of up to about 30 microns in diameter, with the particles
lying predominantly under 10 microns in diameter.
Thus, this invention provides a new and improved article for
cleaning the interproximal surfaces of the teeth that eliminates
the disadvantages of the prior art impregnated articles. By the
novel utilization of a water soluble coating material to adhere the
abrasive to the floss pending insertion into the oral cavity, the
undesirable coating problem of the abrasive and surfaces of the
teeth existing with the prior art impregnated articles is avoided.
Consequently, the present invention provides substantially improved
cleaning and polishing properties over and above the prior art
impregnated articles.
* * * * *